A Tale of Two Cities — Page 3

Vocabulary

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix creating abstract nouns from adjectives

โหล

loh — A dozen; twelve of something

และ

lae — And; connecting words or clauses together

ผอม

phom — Thin; slim; having little body fat

บาง

baang — Thin; slim; or some; a few

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle

ใบหน้า

bai naa — Face; the front part of the head

เขา

khao — He; she; they; third person pronoun

ทำให้

tham hai — To cause; to make something happen

ดวงตา

duang taa — Eyes; the organs of sight

ดู

duu — To look; to watch; to appear

โต

toh — Big; large; grown up

ขึ้น

khuen — Up; to rise; increase; directional particle upward

ภายใต้

phaai tai — Under; beneath; below something

คิ้ว

khiu — Eyebrow; the arch of hair above the eye

ที่

thii — At; place; relative pronoun; classifier for locations

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; also; continuing state particle

ดำ

dam — Black; dark-colored

อยู่

yuu — To be; to stay; to live somewhere

ผม

phom — Hair; also first-person pronoun for males

ขาว

khaao — White; pale in color

ยุ่งเหยิง

yung yoeng — Messy; tangled; chaotic and disorganized

แม้ว่า

mae waa — Even though; although; despite the fact that

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a space or time

เป็น

pen — To be; to exist as something

จริง

jing — True; real; genuine; actually

อาจ

aat — Might; may; expressing possibility or uncertainty

ไม่

mai — Not; negation particle in Thai sentences

เช่นนั้น

chen nan — Like that; in that manner; such

แต่

tae — But; however; contrasting conjunction

ก็

ko — Also; then; particle showing continuation or concession

ตาม

taam — To follow; according to; along with

ธรรมชาติ

tham-ma-chaat — Nature; the natural world; innate character

แล้ว

laeo — Already; then; after; completion particle

ผิด

phit — Wrong; incorrect; mistaken; to be at fault

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more; increasingly; emphasizing degree

กว่า

gwaa — More than; comparative particle in Thai

นั้น

nan — That; those; demonstrative pronoun referring away

เสื้อ

suea — Shirt; top; upper body garment

ผ้าขี้ริ้ว

phaa khii riu — Rag; worn-out piece of cloth for cleaning

สี

sii — Color; hue; shade of appearance

เหลือง

lueang — Yellow; the color of gold or sun

เปิด

poet — To open; to turn on; to reveal

คอ

kho — Neck; the part connecting head to body

เผย

phoei — To reveal; to expose; to disclose something

ให้

hai — To give; for; causing someone to do something

เห็น

hen — To see; to notice; to observe visually

ร่างกาย

raang kaai — Body; the physical form of a person

เหี่ยวแห้ง

hiao haeng — Withered; dried up; shriveled and lifeless

เสื่อมโทรม

sueam sohm — Deteriorated; decayed; degraded in condition

ตัว

tua — Body; self; classifier for animals and clothing

เสื้อผ้า

suea phaa — Clothes; clothing; garments worn on body

ใบ

bai — Leaf; classifier for flat objects like leaves

เก่า

kao — Old; worn out; aged; not new

ถุงเท้า

thung thao — Socks; foot coverings worn inside shoes

หลวมๆ

luam luam — Loosely; baggy; not fitting tightly

เศษผ้า

set phaa — Scrap of fabric; torn remnant of cloth

ขาดๆ

khaad khaad — Torn; ragged; full of holes or tears

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All; everything; the entire amount or group

ได้

dai — Can; able to; past tense or ability marker

ซีด

siid — Pale; faded; lacking color or vibrancy

จาง

jaang — Faint; faded; light in color or intensity

ลง

long — Down; to descend; directional particle downward

จน

jon — Poor; until; to the point of poverty

มี

mii — To have; there is; to possess something

เหมือน

muean — Like; similar to; resembling something else

หนังสัตว์

nang sat — Animal hide; leather; skin of an animal

อย่าง

yaang — Way; manner; type; like; adverbial particle

สม่ำเสมอ

sa-mam-sa-moe — Consistent; regular; uniform; even throughout

หลัง

lang — After; behind; back; the rear side

จาก

jaak — From; away from; since; originating point

ถูก

thuuk — To be subjected to; correct; cheap; passive marker

กักขัง

gak khang — To imprison; to confine; to detain someone

นาน

naan — Long time; for a long duration

โดย

dooi — By; by means of; through an agent or method

ปราศจาก

praat jaak — Without; free from; lacking something entirely

แสง

saeng — Light; beam of light; illumination

อากาศ

aa-gaat — Air; atmosphere; weather conditions

โดยตรง

dooi trong — Directly; straightforwardly; without intermediary

แทบ

thaep — Almost; nearly; hardly; barely possible

แยก

yaek — To separate; to distinguish; to split apart

ออก

ok — Out; to exit; away; directional particle outward

ว่า

waa — That; to say; quotative and complementizer particle

อะไร

a-rai — What; anything; interrogative pronoun for things

ยก

yok — To lift; to raise; to carry something up

มือ

mue — Hand; the part of the arm below the wrist

กั้น

gan — To partition; to block; to separate with barrier

ระหว่าง

ra-waang — Between; during; among; in the middle of

กับ

gap — With; and; together; connecting nouns or agents

กระดูก

gra-duuk — Bone; the hard skeletal structure of the body

โปร่งแสง

proong saeng — Translucent; allowing light to pass through partially

ราวกับ

raao gap — As if; as though; seemingly like something

จะ

ja — Will; going to; future tense marker in Thai

มอง

moong — To look at; to gaze; to observe something

ทะลุ

tha-lu — Through; to penetrate; to pass through completely

นั่ง

nang — To sit; to be seated in a position

ด้วย

duai — With; also; too; by means of something

สายตา

saai taa — Eyesight; gaze; line of vision

จ้อง

joong — To stare; to gaze fixedly at something

เขม็ง

kha-meng — Intently; fixedly; staring hard and unblinkingly

ว่างเปล่า

waang plao — Empty; blank; vacant; void of content

หยุด

yut — To stop; to halt; to cease an action

พัก

phak — To rest; to take a break; to pause

งาน

ngaan — Work; job; task; event or function

เคย

khoei — Used to; ever; having done something before

ไป

pai — To go; away; directional particle going away

ร่าง

raang — Body; figure; draft; physical frame of a person

ตรงหน้า

trong naa — In front; directly ahead; facing one's position

มา

maa — To come; toward; directional particle coming here

ด้าน

daan — Side; aspect; face; dimension of something

นี้

nii — This; these; demonstrative pronoun indicating nearby

ตัวเอง

tua eng — Oneself; themselves; reflexive pronoun in Thai

ก่อน

gon — Before; first; prior to something happening

จึง

jueng — Therefore; then; consequently; resulting action particle

อีก

iik — More; again; another; additional quantity

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one; a single unit

สูญเสีย

suun sia — To lose; to suffer loss of something important

นิสัย

ni-sai — Habit; character; personal trait or disposition

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions and processes

เชื่อมโยง

chueam yoong — To connect; to link; to relate things together

สถานที่

sa-thaan thii — Place; location; site; a specific area

เสียง

siang — Sound; voice; noise; audio

พูด

phuut — To speak; to talk; to say something verbally

เริ่ม

roem — To begin; to start; to commence an action

ล่องลอย

long loi — To drift; to float; to wander aimlessly

ลักษณะ

lak-sa-na — Characteristic; feature; quality; appearance of something

ลืม

luem — To forget; to fail to remember something

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun; also title of respect

ทำ

tham — To do; to make; to perform an action

รองเท้า

roong thao — Shoes; footwear worn on the feet

คู่

khuu — Pair; couple; classifier for paired objects

เสร็จ

set — Finished; done; completed an action or task

วันนี้

wan nii — Today; the current day

ไหม

mai — Question particle at end of yes/no questions

ถาม

thaam — To ask; to inquire; to pose a question

พร้อม

phrom — Ready; prepared; all set to do something

ท่า

thaa — Posture; manner; gesture; pier or dock

เดิน

doen — To walk; to move on foot

เข้า

khao — To enter; in; into; directional particle inward

ตั้งใจ

tang jai — To intend; to concentrate; to be determined

ฉัน

chan — I; me; first-person pronoun informal female or casual

บอก

book — To tell; to inform; to say to someone

คิด

khit — To think; to consider; to calculate mentally

น่า

naa — Worthy of; should; likely to inspire a feeling

ใช่

chai — Yes; correct; that's right; affirmative answer

รู้

ruu — To know; to be aware of; to understand

คำถาม

kham thaam — Question; inquiry; something asked for an answer

นึก

nuek — To think; to recall; to imagine something mentally

ถึง

thueng — To reach; until; about; regarding something

ตน

ton — Oneself; self; reflexive pronoun in formal context

โน้มตัว

nom tua — To lean over; to bend one's body forward

กลับ

glap — To return; back; to go back somewhere

ทำงาน

tham ngaan — To work; to do one's job or task

ครั้ง

khrang — Time; occurrence; classifier for times or instances