A Tale of Two Cities — Page 15

Vocabulary

ภรรยา

phan-rá-yaa — Wife; a married woman in relation to her husband

ที่

thîi — At, which, that; relative pronoun or place marker

ให้เกียรติ

hâi gìat — To honor or show respect to someone

และ

láe — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

เชื่อฟัง

chûea fang — To obey; to listen and comply with instructions

สามี

sǎa-mii — Husband; a married man in relation to his wife

ควร

khuuan — Should; expressing obligation or recommendation

จะ

jà — Will; future tense marker or intention indicator

ปล่อย

plòi — To release, let go, or allow something freely

ให้

hâi — To give; causative marker meaning to let or allow

เขา

khǎo — He, she, they; third-person pronoun

ทำมาหากิน

tham maa hǎa gin — To earn a living; to work for one's livelihood

โดย

doi — By; indicating means, method, or agent

ไม่

mâi — Not; negation particle used before verbs

ยุ่งเกี่ยว

yûng gìao — To meddle or interfere in someone's affairs

เลย

loei — At all; intensifier meaning not at all or at all

แม้แต่น้อย

máe tàe nói — Not even a little; not in the slightest

เธอ

thoe — She, you; pronoun used informally for females

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; indicating continuation of a state

เรียก

rîak — To call; to name or summon someone

ตัวเอง

tua eeng — Oneself; reflexive pronoun meaning self

ว่า

wâa — That; quotative particle introducing reported speech

เป็น

bpen — To be; linking verb indicating identity or state

หญิง

yǐng — Woman, female; referring to the female gender

เคร่งศาสนา

khrêng sàat-sà-nǎa — Devoutly religious; strictly observant of religious practice

อยู่

yùu — To live, stay; aspect marker for ongoing state

อีก

ìik — More, again, another; indicating addition or repetition

หรือ

rǔue — Or; conjunction presenting alternatives or yes/no question

ถ้า

thâa — If; conditional conjunction introducing a condition

คือ

khuue — Is, namely; equative verb defining or clarifying something

ฉัน

chǎn — I, me; first-person pronoun used by females informally

ขอ

khǒo — To request or ask for something politely

ดีกว่า

dii gwàa — Better than; comparative adjective indicating superiority

ไม่มี

mâi mii — To not have; there is none or nothing

สำนึก

sǎm-núek — To be conscious of; sense of duty or awareness

ใน

nai — In, within; preposition indicating location inside something

หน้าที่

nâa thîi — Duty, responsibility; one's role or obligation

ตามธรรมชาติ

taam tham-má-châat — Natural, according to nature; innate or instinctive

มาก

mâak — Much, many, very; indicating high degree or quantity

ไป

bpai — To go; directional marker indicating away from speaker

กว่า

gwàa — Than; comparative particle used with adjectives

ท้องแม่น้ำ

thóng mâe náam — Riverbed; the bottom or floor of a river

มี

mii — To have; there is or there are

ต่อ

tòo — Against, per, to continue; versatile connecting particle

เสา

sǎo — Pillar, post, column; a vertical structural support

ตอม่อ

toom môo — Bridge pier; supporting pillar of a bridge structure

ทำนองเดียวกัน

tham-noong diaw gan — In the same manner; similarly or likewise

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals

จึง

jueng — Therefore, so; consequential connector showing result

ต้อง

tông — Must, have to; expressing necessity or obligation

ถูก

thùuk — To be subject to; passive marker or correct

ทุบ

thúp — To pound, beat, or strike something forcefully

ตอก

tòok — To hammer or drive something by repeated striking

เข้าไป

khâo bpai — To go in, enter into; directional into something

หัว

hǔa — Head; top of the body or beginning of something

การโต้เถียง

gaan dtôo thǐang — Argument, debate; act of disputing or quarreling

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative pronoun indicating something mentioned

ดำเนินไป

dam-noen bpai — To proceed, continue, or carry on forward

ด้วย

dûai — With, also, too; indicating accompaniment or addition

เสียง

sǐang — Sound, voice, noise; auditory perception

ต่ำ

tàm — Low; below normal level in pitch, height, or volume

สิ้นสุด

sîn sùt — To end, terminate, conclude; reaching a final point

ลง

long — Down; directional marker indicating downward movement

เมื่อ

mûea — When; temporal conjunction referring to a past time

พ่อค้า

phôo kháa — Merchant, trader; a person who buys and sells goods

ผู้

phûu — Person, one who; nominalizer indicating a person doing something

ซื่อสัตย์

sûue sàt — Honest, faithful; having integrity and truthfulness

ถีบ

thìip — To kick; to strike with the foot forcefully

รองเท้า

roong tháo — Shoes; footwear worn on the feet

เปื้อน

bpûean — Dirty, stained; soiled with dirt or a substance

ดินเหนียว

din nǐao — Clay; sticky fine-grained soil used in pottery

ออก

òok — Out, to exit; directional marker away from inside

แล้ว

láeo — Already, then; completion marker or sequential connector

นอน

noon — To lie down, to sleep; resting in a horizontal position

หงาย

ngǎai — Face up; lying on one's back facing upward

ยาวเหยียด

yaao yìat — Stretched out long; lying fully extended at length

บน

bon — On, above, upon; preposition indicating surface location

พื้น

phúuen — Floor, ground; the surface one stands or walks on

หลังจาก

lǎng jàak — After; following a particular event or time

แอบมอง

àep moong — To peek, spy; to look secretly or furtively

อย่าง

yàang — In the manner of; adverbial marker describing how

ขลาดกลัว

khlàat glua — Cowardly, fearful; lacking courage and easily frightened

พ่อ

phôo — Father; a male parent

ใช้

cháai — To use; to employ something for a purpose

มือ

muue — Hand; the part of the body at the end of the arm

กร้าน

gràan — Rough, calloused; hardened skin from heavy work

หมอน

mǒon — Pillow; a cushion used to support the head while sleeping

รอง

roong — Secondary, deputy; beneath or supporting another

ลูกชาย

lûuk chaai — Son; a male child in relation to his parents

ก็

gôo — Also, too, then; connective particle showing consequence

เช่นกัน

chên gan — Likewise, same here; indicating similarity or agreement

หลับ

làp — To sleep, to be asleep; eyes closed in sleep

อีกครั้ง

ìik khráng — Again, once more; repeating an action another time

ปลา

bplaa — Fish; an aquatic animal, also a common Thai food

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — For; preposition indicating purpose or intended recipient

อาหารเช้า

aa-hǎan cháo — Breakfast; the first meal eaten in the morning

แทบ

thâep — Almost, hardly; barely or nearly in a negative sense

อาหาร

aa-hǎan — Food; nourishment consumed for sustenance

อื่นใด

ùuen dai — Any other; referring to any alternative thing

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun or honorific title

อารมณ์

aa-rom — Mood, emotion, temper; one's current emotional state

ไม่ดี

mâi dii — Not good, bad; describing a negative quality or state

หงุดหงิด

ngùt ngìt — Irritable, grumpy; easily annoyed or in a bad mood

ฉุนเฉียว

chǔn chǐao — Short-tempered, snappy; quickly becoming angry or cross

เก็บ

gèp — To keep, collect, store; to put something away

ฝาหม้อ

fǎa môo — Pot lid; a cover placed on a cooking pot

เหล็ก

lèk — Iron, steel, metal; a strong hard metallic material

ไว้

wái — To keep, retain; indicates stored or maintained state

ใกล้มือ

glâi muue — Within reach; close at hand and easily accessible

เพื่อ

phûea — In order to, for; expressing purpose or intention

ขว้าง

khwâang — To throw, hurl; to fling an object forcefully

ปราม

bpraam — To warn, restrain, rebuke; to discourage bad behavior

นาง

naang — Mrs., woman; honorific title for a married woman

หาก

hàak — If; conditional conjunction meaning in case or should

สังเกตเห็น

sǎng-gèt hěn — To notice, observe; to detect something by watching

ท่าที

thâa thii — Attitude, manner, stance; one's bearing or demeanor

อธิษฐาน

à-thít-thǎan — To pray; to make a solemn request to a deity

ก่อนอาหาร

gòon aa-hǎan — Before meals; prior to eating a meal

แปรง

bpraeng — To brush; to clean using a brush

ล้างตัว

láang tua — To wash oneself; to bathe or clean one's body

ตาม

taam — According to, follow; in accordance with or behind

เวลา

wee-laa — Time; a period or point in time

ปกติ

bpà-gà-tì — Normal, usual; ordinary or regular circumstances

ออกเดินทาง

òok doen thaang — To depart, set off; to begin a journey or trip

พร้อมกับ

phróom gàp — Together with, along with; accompanying something

ประกอบ

bprà-gòop — To compose, assemble; to make up or constitute

อาชีพ

aa-chîip — Occupation, career; one's profession or line of work

แสดงออก

sà-daeng òok — To express, demonstrate; to show feelings or opinions

สาธารณะ

sǎa-thaa-rá-ná — Public; open or available to all people

หนุ่ม

nùm — Young man; a young adult male

เดิน

doen — To walk; to move on foot at a normal pace

หนีบ

nìip — To clamp, pinch, tuck; to grip or hold tightly

เก้าอี้

gâo-îi — Chair; a seat with a back for one person

ใต้แขน

dtâi khǎen — Under the arm; tucked beneath one's armpit area

เคียงข้าง

khiang khâang — Alongside, beside; next to or at the side of

ถนน

thà-nǒn — Road, street; a paved path for vehicles and people

สว่าง

sà-wàang — Bright, light; well-illuminated or shining with light

พลุกพล่าน

phlúk phlâan — Bustling, busy, crowded; full of activity and people

แตกต่าง

tàek tàang — Different, distinct; not the same as something else

สิ้นเชิง

sîn choeng — Completely, entirely, utterly; to the fullest extent

จาก

jàak — From; indicating origin, source, or separation

คืนก่อน

khuuen gòon — The night before; the previous evening or night

วิ่ง

wîng — To run; to move quickly on foot

กลับบ้าน

glàp bâan — To return home; to go back to one's residence

ผ่าน

phàan — To pass through; to go across or by something

ความมืด

khwaam mûet — Darkness; the absence of light

ความเงียบสงัด

khwaam ngîap sà-ngàt — Deep silence, stillness; profound quiet and tranquility

หนี

nǐi — To flee, escape, run away; to evade danger

ผู้ไล่ตาม

phûu lâi taam — Pursuer; a person who chases after someone

น่าสะพรึงกลัว

nâa sà-phrueng glua — Terrifying, dreadful; causing great fear or horror