A Tale of Two Cities — Page 16

Vocabulary

ความ

kwaam — Nominalizing prefix turning adjectives or verbs into nouns

เจ้าเล่ห์

jâo-lèh — Cunning, crafty, or sly in a deceptive way

ของ

khǎawng — Of; belonging to; possessive particle

เขา

khǎo — He, she, they; third-person pronoun

สดชื่น

sòt-chʉ̂ʉn — Fresh, refreshed, and cheerful in feeling

ขึ้น

khʉ̂n — To rise, go up; directional particle upward

พร้อม

phráawm — Ready, prepared, complete with everything needed

กับ

gàp — With; together with; and (connecting nouns)

รุ่งอรุณ

rûng-a-run — Dawn, the first light of morning

และ

láe — And; connecting words, phrases, or clauses

รู้สึก

rúu-sʉ̀k — To feel, to sense an emotion or sensation

กังวลใจ

gang-won-jai — Anxious, worried, or troubled in the mind

ก็

gâaw — Also, then, well; discourse particle linking clauses

จาง

jaang — To fade, become faint or less intense

หาย

hǎai — To disappear, vanish, or recover from illness

ไป

bpai — To go; directional particle indicating away movement

ราตรี

raa-dtrii — Night; a formal or literary word for nighttime

ซึ่ง

sʉ̂ng — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or time

แง่มุม

ngâe-mum — Aspect, angle, or perspective of a matter

เหล่า

lào — Plural marker for groups of people or things

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative pronoun referring to something near

ไม่ใช่

mâi-châi — Is not; negating identity or categorization

เรื่อง

rʉ̂ʉang — Story, matter, topic, or affair being discussed

ไม่

mâi — No, not; general negation particle

น่า

nâa — Worth, worthy of; prefix expressing desirability or likelihood

เป็น

bpen — To be; to exist as something; can also mean 'able to'

ได้

dâai — Can, able to; past tense marker; to get or obtain

ที่

thîi — That, which; place; relative pronoun or location word

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense or intention marker

มี

mii — To have, there is, there are

คน

khon — Person, people; classifier for human beings

เหมือน

mʉ̌ʉan — Like, similar to, the same as

กัน

gan — Each other, together; reciprocal or communal particle

นคร

ná-khaawn — City, metropolis; formal or literary word for city

เช้า

cháo — Morning; the early part of the day

อัน

an — Classifier for small or general objects; one (item)

แจ่มใส

jàem-sǎi — Bright, clear, cheerful; said of weather or mood

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something farther

พ่อ

phâaw — Father, dad; male parent

ครับ

khráp — Polite particle used by male speakers at sentence end

หนุ่ม

nùm — Young man; young and in the prime of youth

กล่าว

glào — To say, speak, or state in a formal manner

ขณะ

khà-nà — While, at the moment of; a brief period of time

พวก

phûuak — Group, gang, bunch; pronoun for 'we' or 'they'

เดิน

dooen — To walk, to move on foot

ด้วย

dûuai — With, also, too; accompaniment or addition particle

โดย

dooi — By, by means of; indicating method or agent

ระมัดระวัง

rá-màt-rá-wang — Careful, cautious, taking care to avoid mistakes

รักษา

rák-sǎa — To maintain, preserve, treat medically, or protect

ระยะ

rá-yá — Distance, interval, period of space or time

ห่าง

hàang — Far, distant, separated by a gap

ให้

hâi — To give; causative particle meaning 'let' or 'make'

เก้าอี้

gâo-îi — Chair; a piece of furniture for sitting

สตูล

sà-tuun — Stool; a seat without a back or arms

กั้น

gân — To partition, block, or separate with a barrier

ระหว่าง

rá-wàang — Between, among, during a period or space

คือ

khʉʉ — Is, namely; identifying or defining something

อะไร

à-rai — What; interrogative pronoun asking for identification

หยุด

yùt — To stop, halt, cease an action or movement

ยืน

yʉʉn — To stand, to be in an upright position

อยู่

yùu — To be at, to stay, to live somewhere; continuative marker

บน

bon — On, on top of, above a surface

ทาง

thaang — Way, path, road; direction or means

เท้า

tháo — Foot; the lower extremity of the leg

ก่อน

gàawn — Before, first, prior to something else

ตอบ

dtàawp — To answer, reply to a question or statement

ว่า

wâa — That; quotation marker; to say or that-clause introducer

ข้า

khâa — I, me; archaic or humble first-person pronoun

รู้

rúu — To know, to be aware of something

อย่างไร

yàang-rai — How, in what way; interrogative of manner

หนู

nǔu — Mouse, rat; also a humble pronoun used by children

คิด

khít — To think, consider, or calculate

ทุก

thúk — Every, all, each without exception

เลย

looei — At all, ever; too, so; past a point; intensifier

นะ

ná — Softening particle seeking agreement or adding friendliness

เด็กชาย

dèk-chaai — Boy; a young male child

ผู้

phûu — Person who; prefix indicating a person performing an action

บริสุทธิ์

baw-rí-sùt — Pure, innocent, clean, free from impurity

พลาง

phlaang — While simultaneously doing another action; at the same time

ต่อ

dtàaw — To continue, next, against; per unit; to connect

ยก

yók — To lift, raise, carry upward with effort

หมวก

mùuak — Hat, cap; a head covering

ออก

àawk — Out, outward; to exit, come out or remove

เพื่อ

phʉ̂ʉa — In order to, for the purpose of

ขน

khǒn — Hair, fur, feather; to transport or carry goods

แข็ง

khǎeng — Hard, firm, stiff; strong or resistant to pressure

ยื่น

yʉ̂ʉn — To extend, hand over, protrude, or submit something

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating toward the speaker

อิสระ

ìt-sà-rà — Free, independent, without constraint or obligation

พ่อค้า

phâaw-kháa — Merchant, trader, businessman who sells goods

หนึ่ง

nʉ̀ng — One; the number 1; a single unit

แล้ว

láaeo — Already, then, after that; completion marker

สินค้า

sǐn-kháa — Goods, merchandise, products for sale or trade

กระฉับกระเฉง

grà-châp-grà-chêeng — Energetic, lively, brisk, and full of vigor

ถาม

thǎam — To ask a question, to inquire

หลัง

lǎng — After, behind, back; rear part of something

จาก

jàak — From, away from; originating at a place or time

ครุ่นคิด

khrûn-khít — To ponder, mull over, think deeply about something

ครู่

khrûu — A brief moment, a short while

สาขา

sǎa-khǎa — Branch, subdivision, field within a larger subject

วิทยาศาสตร์

wít-thá-yaa-sàat — Science; the systematic study of the natural world

ร่างกาย

râang-gaai — Body; the physical form of a human or animal

นั่น

nân — That (over there); demonstrative pointing to something distant

เอง

eeng — Self, oneself; by oneself; emphatic self-reference

ใช่

châi — Yes, that's right; affirmative confirmation particle

ไหม

mǎi — Question particle at sentence end expecting yes/no answer

ร่าเริง

râa-rəəng — Cheerful, merry, lively in spirit or demeanor

เชื่อ

chʉ̂ʉa — To believe, trust, or have faith in someone

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals

ทำนอง

tham-naawng — Manner, style, tune, or pattern of something

อยาก

yàak — To want, desire, wish to do something

มาก

mâak — Much, many, a lot; intensifier of degree

ตอน

dtaawn — Episode, part, period; a segment of time or story

โต

dtoo — Big, grown up, large in size or age

เต็มที่

dtem-thîi — Fully, completely, to the fullest extent possible

พอใจ

phaaw-jai — Satisfied, content, pleased with a situation

แต่

dtàe — But, however; conjunction showing contrast or exception

ส่าย

sàai — To shake or swing from side to side

หัว

hǔua — Head; the top or front part of something

ท่าที

thâa-thii — Attitude, manner, bearing, or demeanor shown outwardly

ลังเล

lang-lee — To hesitate, waver, be uncertain about a decision

เคร่งขรึม

khrêng-khrʉm — Serious, solemn, grave in expression or manner

เจ้า

jâo — You (informal); lord, master; second-person familiar pronoun

พัฒนา

phát-thá-naa — To develop, improve, advance in quality or skill

ความสามารถ

khwaam-sǎa-mâat — Ability, capability, skill to perform a task

ตัวเอง

dtuua-eeng — Oneself, yourself, themselves; reflexive pronoun

จง

jong — Shall, must; imperative marker urging an action

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes; '-ing' equivalent

อย่า

yàa — Don't; negative imperative telling someone not to do

พูด

phûut — To speak, talk, say something aloud

เกิน

gəən — To exceed, more than, over a limit or amount

กว่า

gwàa — More than, comparative particle; over a quantity

จำเป็น

jam-bpen — Necessary, essential, required, must be done

ใคร

khrai — Who, whoever; interrogative pronoun for a person

ทั้งนั้น

tháng-nán — All of them, everything, without exception whatsoever

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; continuing state or action; also means 'still not'

บอก

bàawk — To tell, inform, or say something to someone

เหมาะสม

màw-sǒm — Appropriate, suitable, fitting for a situation

บ้าง

bâang — Some, somewhat, a little; vague quantifier or softener