Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem — Page 5
Alternate alliteration is occasionally used as in the original. (See 7_61, 8_5.)
L'allitterazione alternata è usata occasionalmente come nell'originale. (Vedi 7_61, 8_5.)
No two accented syllables have been brought together, except occasionally after a cæsural pause. (See 2_19 and 12_1.) Or, scientifically speaking, Sievers's C type has been avoided as not consonant with the plan of translation.
Non sono mai state accostate due sillabe accentate, tranne occasionalmente dopo una pausa cessurale. (Vedi 2_19 e 12_1.) O, in termini scientifici, il tipo C di Sievers è stato evitato in quanto non consonante con il piano della traduzione.
Several of his types, however, constantly occur; _e.g._ A and a variant (/ x | / x) (/ x x | / x); B and a variant (x / | x / ) (x x / | x / ); a variant of D (/ x | / x x); E (/ x x | / ). Anacrusis gives further variety to the types used in the translation.
Diversi dei suoi tipi, tuttavia, ricorrono costantemente; _ad es._ A e una variante (/ x | / x) (/ x x | / x); B e una variante (x / | x / ) (x x / | x / ); una variante di D (/ x | / x x); E (/ x x | / ). L'anacrusis conferisce ulteriore varietà ai tipi usati nella traduzione.
The parallelisms of the original have been faithfully preserved. (_E.g._, 1_16 and 1_17: "Lord" and "Wielder of Glory"; 1_30, 1_31, 1_32; 2_12 and 2_13; 2_27 and 2_28; 3_5 and 3_6.) Occasionally, some loss has been sustained; but, on the other hand, a gain has here and there been made.
I parallelismi dell'originale sono stati fedelmente preservati. (_Ad es._, 1_16 e 1_17: «Signore» e «Reggitore della Gloria»; 1_30, 1_31, 1_32; 2_12 e 2_13; 2_27 e 2_28; 3_5 e 3_6.) Occasionalmente si è subita qualche perdita; ma, d'altro canto, qua e là si è anche guadagnato qualcosa.
The effort has been made to give a decided flavor of archaism to the translation.
Si è fatto ogni sforzo per conferire alla traduzione un deciso sapore di arcaismo.
All words not in keeping with the spirit of the poem have been avoided.
Tutte le parole non in armonia con lo spirito del poema sono state evitate.
Again, though many archaic words have been used, there are none, it is believed, which are not found in standard modern poetry.
Inoltre, sebbene siano state usate molte parole arcaiche, non ve n'è nessuna, si crede, che non si trovi nella poesia moderna di livello consolidato.
[ix]
[ix]
With these preliminary remarks, it will not be amiss to give an outline of the story of the poem.
Con queste osservazioni preliminari, non sarà fuori luogo fornire un sommario della storia del poema.
_THE STORY.
_LA STORIA.
Vocabulary
- allitterazione
- Literary device repeating initial consonant sounds.
- alternata
- Alternated; occurring in alternating sequence.
- usata
- Used; employed for a particular purpose.
- occasionalmente
- Occasionally; happening sometimes but not regularly.
- originale
- Original; the first or source version.
- Vedi
- See; imperative form used in references.
- mai
- Never; ever; not at any time.
- accostate
- Placed side by side; juxtaposed together.
- sillabe
- Syllables; units of pronunciation in a word.
- accentate
- Stressed; bearing a phonetic accent.
- tranne
- Except; apart from; excluding.
- pausa
- Pause; a temporary stop or break.
- termini
- Terms; specific words used in a subject area.
- scientifici
- Scientific; relating to science or systematic study.
- tipo
- Type; a category or kind of something.
- evitato
- Avoided; deliberately kept away from.
- quanto
- As much as; how much; insofar as.
- consonante
- Consonant; a non-vowel speech sound.
- piano
- Plan; level; floor; also softly in music.
- traduzione
- Translation; rendering text into another language.
- Diversi
- Several; various; different ones.
- tipi
- Types; categories or kinds of things.
- tuttavia
- Nevertheless; however; yet; despite that.
- ricorrono
- Recur; appear again repeatedly.
- costantemente
- Constantly; happening without interruption or variation.
- variante
- Variant; a different form of something.
- conferisce
- Confers; grants or gives a quality to something.
- ulteriore
- Further; additional; beyond what already exists.
- varietà
- Variety; diversity; range of different things.
- usati
- Used; employed; masculine plural past participle.
- parallelismi
- Parallelisms; rhetorical structures with similar repeated forms.
- fedelmente
- Faithfully; in a loyal and accurate manner.
- preservati
- Preserved; kept intact or maintained carefully.
- Signore
- Lord; a title of respect or divine address.
- Reggitore
- Ruler; one who governs or holds power.
- Gloria
- Glory; great honor, praise, or magnificence.
- Occasionalmente
- Occasionally; at irregular or infrequent intervals.
- subita
- Suffered; undergone; endured something unwillingly.
- qualche
- Some; a few; an unspecified amount.
- perdita
- Loss; something lost or no longer possessed.
- altro
- Other; another; something different or additional.
- canto
- Side; song; part; aspect of something.
- qua
- Here; in this place.
- là
- There; in that place.
- anche
- Also; too; even; as well.
- guadagnato
- Gained; earned; obtained something of value.
- fatto
- Done; made; past participle of 'fare'.
- ogni
- Every; each; all without exception.
- sforzo
- Effort; exertion; a strenuous attempt.
- deciso
- Decided; strong; definite; marked clearly.
- sapore
- Flavor; taste; distinctive quality or character.
- arcaismo
- Archaism; use of old-fashioned language or style.
- parole
- Words; units of language conveying meaning.
- armonia
- Harmony; pleasing combination of elements.
- spirito
- Spirit; essence; the inner nature of something.
- poema
- Poem; a long literary work in verse.
- evitate
- Avoided; feminine plural past participle of 'evitare'.
- Inoltre
- Furthermore; moreover; in addition to that.
- sebbene
- Although; even though; a concessive conjunction.
- siano
- Are; third person plural present subjunctive of 'essere'.
- usate
- Used; feminine plural past participle of 'usare'.
- molte
- Many; a large number of; feminine plural.
- arcaiche
- Archaic; old-fashioned; belonging to an earlier era.
- nessuna
- None; not any; feminine singular negative pronoun.
- crede
- Believes; thinks; holds an opinion as true.
- trovi
- Finds; encounters; present subjunctive of 'trovare'.
- poesia
- Poetry; literary art form using rhythmic language.
- moderna
- Modern; relating to the present or recent times.
- livello
- Level; degree; standard or position on a scale.
- consolidato
- Consolidated; established; firmly settled or accepted.
- queste
- These; feminine plural demonstrative adjective.
- osservazioni
- Observations; remarks or comments about something.
- preliminari
- Preliminary; introductory; preceding the main content.
- sarà
- Will be; third person singular future of 'essere'.
- fuori
- Out; outside; not out of place.
- luogo
- Place; location; also used in idioms.
- fornire
- To provide; to supply; to offer something.
- sommario
- Summary; brief overview of main points.
- storia
- History; story; a narrative of past events.
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