Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem — Page 11

Vocabulary

Ha

Third person singular present of 'avere' (to have)

la

Definite article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'her'

forza

Strength or force of a person or thing

di

Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

trenta

The number thirty

uomini

Plural of 'uomo'; men or male humans

Si

Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself' or 'himself'

cimenta

Tests or tries oneself in a challenge

in

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into'

una

Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one' (feminine)

gara

A competition, race, or contest

nuoto

Swimming as a sport or activity

con

Preposition meaning 'with'

Va

Third person singular of 'andare'; goes

aiuto

Help, assistance, or aid given to someone

contro

Preposition meaning 'against' or 'versus'

il

Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'

mostro

A monster or frightening creature

Sconfigge

Defeats or overcomes an opponent in battle

e

Conjunction meaning 'and'

sua

Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'

madre

Mother; a female parent

In

Preposition meaning 'in', 'into', or 'after'

seguito

Sequel or aftermath; 'in seguito' means 'afterward'

diventa

Becomes; third person singular of 'diventare'

re

King; a male monarch or ruler

dei

Contraction of 'di' and 'i'; meaning 'of the'

Sul

Contraction of 'su' and 'il'; meaning 'on the'

tardi

Late; at a later time or hour

della

Contraction of 'di' and 'la'; meaning 'of the'

vita

Life; the existence or lifespan of a being

tenta

Tries or attempts to do something

uccidere

To kill or slay a person or creature

un

Masculine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'

drago

A dragon; a mythical fire-breathing creature

che

Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'which'

sputa

Spits; expels something forcefully from the mouth

fuoco

Fire; burning flame or combustion

viene

Comes; third person singular of 'venire'

ucciso

Killed; past participle of 'uccidere'

Viene

Is (used in passive constructions); comes

sepolto

Buried; past participle of 'seppellire'

grandi

Great or large; plural adjective of 'grande'

onori

Honors; marks of respect or distinction

Il

Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'

suo

His, her, or its; possessive adjective (masculine)

tumulo

A burial mound or ancient earthen tomb

commemorativo

Commemorative; serving to honor or remember someone

avversario

An adversary, opponent, or rival person

nella

Contraction of 'in' and 'la'; meaning 'in the'

famosa

Famous or well-known; feminine form of 'famoso'

popolo

A people, nation, or group sharing common identity

governato

Governed or ruled; past participle of 'governare'

da

Preposition meaning 'by', 'from', or 'since'

famoso

Famous or renowned; well known to many people

collare

A collar or necklace worn around the neck

tempo

Time; a period or duration of moments

posseduto

Possessed or owned; past participle of 'possedere'

dai

Contraction of 'da' and 'i'; meaning 'by the'

Progenitore

A progenitor or ancestor; originator of a lineage

altri

Others; plural of 'altro', meaning other people

mostri

Monsters; plural of 'mostro'

guerriero

A warrior or fighter in battle

degli

Contraction of 'di' and 'gli'; meaning 'of the'

Sudditi

Subjects; people under a ruler's authority

suoi

His, her, its; possessive adjective (masculine plural)

discendenti

Descendants; those who come from a common ancestor

perciò

Therefore or for this reason; a logical conclusion

spesso

Often or frequently; happening many times

chiamati

Called or named; past participle of 'chiamare'

Altri

Other or additional; refers to different alternatives

nomi

Names; plural of 'nome'

per

Preposition meaning 'for', 'through', or 'per'

loro

Them or their; third person plural pronoun

sono

Are; first or third person plural of 'essere'

Padre

Father; a male parent or paternal figure

schernisce

Mocks or jeers at someone scornfully

eroe

A hero; someone of great courage or nobility

del

Contraction of 'di' and 'il'; meaning 'of the'

poema

A poem or epic literary work in verse

ampiamente

Widely or broadly; to a great extent

noto

Known or well-known; familiar to many people

Sposa

Marries or bride; related to marriage or wedding

figlia

Daughter; a female child of a parent

Dopo

After or following a particular time or event

aver

To have; infinitive used in compound tenses

fugge

Flees or runs away from danger or threat

dalla

Contraction of 'da' and 'la'; meaning 'from the'

patria

Homeland or native country; one's birthplace

prima

Before or first; earlier in time or order

Sorella

Sister; a female sibling of a family

probabilmente

Probably or likely; with reasonable expectation

moglie

Wife; a married female partner or spouse

terra

Land, earth, or ground; physical terrain or soil

presso

Near or close to a place or person

quale

Which or what; relative or interrogative pronoun

ebbe

Had; third person singular past tense of 'avere'

luogo

Place or location where something occurs

ultimo

Last or final; occurring at the very end

scontro

A clash or confrontation between opposing forces

Figlio

Son; a male child of a parent

fratello

Brother; a male sibling within a family

riferimento

A reference or allusion to something else

a

Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'

questi

These; demonstrative pronoun referring to nearby things

fratelli

Brothers; plural of 'fratello'; male siblings

è

Is; third person singular present of 'essere'

vago

Vague or unclear; lacking precision or detail

variamente

Variously or in different ways by different people

interpretato

Interpreted or understood; past participle of 'interpretare'