Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem — Page 15

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--Father of Hildeburg and probably of Hnæf.--17_26.

--Padre di Hildeburg e probabilmente di Hnæf.--17_26.

~Hrethel~.--King of the Geats, father of Higelac, and grandfather of Beowulf.--7_4; 34_39.

~Hrethel~.--Re dei Geati, padre di Higelac e nonno di Beowulf.--7_4; 34_39.

~Hrethla~.--Once used for Hrethel.--7_82.

~Hrethla~.--Usato una volta per Hrethel.--7_82.

~Hrethmen~.--Another name for the Danes.--7_73.

~Hrethmen~.--Un altro nome per i Danesi.--7_73.

~Hrethric~.--Son of Hrothgar.--18_65; 27_19.

~Hrethric~.--Figlio di Hrothgar.--18_65; 27_19.

[xvi]

~Hreosna-beorh~.--A promontory in Geat-land, near which Ohthere's sons made plundering raids.--35_18.

~Hreosna-beorh~.--Un promontorio nella terra dei Geati, nelle cui vicinanze i figli di Ohthere compirono razzie.--35_18.

~Hrothgar~.--The Danish king who built the hall Heort, but was long unable to enjoy it on account of Grendel's persecutions. Marries Wealhtheow, a Helming lady. Has two sons and a daughter. Is a typical Teutonic king, lavish of gifts. A devoted liegelord, as his lamentations over slain liegemen prove. Also very appreciative of kindness, as is shown by his loving gratitude to Beowulf.--2_9; 2_12; 4_1; 8_10; 15_1; etc., etc.

~Hrothgar~.--Il re danese che costruì la sala Heort, ma non poté a lungo goderne a causa delle persecuzioni di Grendel. Sposa Wealhtheow, una dama degli Helming. Ha due figli e una figlia. È un tipico re teutonico, prodigo di doni. Un signore feudale devoto, come dimostrano le sue lamentazioni per i vassalli uccisi. Anche molto riconoscente per la gentilezza ricevuta, come mostra la sua amorevole gratitudine verso Beowulf.--2_9; 2_12; 4_1; 8_10; 15_1; ecc., ecc.

~Hrothmund~.--Son of Hrothgar.--18_65.

~Hrothmund~.--Figlio di Hrothgar.--18_65.

~Hrothulf~.--Probably a son of Halga, younger brother of Hrothgar. Certainly on terms of close intimacy in Hrothgar's palace.--16_26; 18_57.

~Hrothulf~.--Probabilmente un figlio di Halga, fratello minore di Hrothgar. Certamente in rapporti di stretta intimità nel palazzo di Hrothgar.--16_26; 18_57.

~Hrunting~.--Unferth's sword, lent to Beowulf.--22_71; 25_9.

~Hrunting~.--La spada di Unferth, prestata a Beowulf.--22_71; 25_9.

~Hugs~.--A race in alliance with the Franks and Frisians at the time of Higelac's fall.--35_41.

~Hugs~.--Una stirpe alleata con i Franchi e i Frisoni al momento della caduta di Higelac.--35_41.

~Hun~.--A Frisian warrior, probably general of the Hetwars. Gives Hengest a beautiful sword.--18_19.

~Hun~.--Un guerriero frisone, probabilmente generale degli Hetwars. Dona a Hengest una bella spada.--18_19.

~Hunferth~.--Sometimes used for Unferth.

~Hunferth~.--Talvolta usato per Unferth.

~Hygelac~, ~Higelac~.--King of the Geats, uncle and liegelord of Beowulf, the hero of the poem.--His second wife is the lovely Hygd, daughter of Hæreth. The son of their union is Heardred. Is slain in a war with the Hugs, Franks, and Frisians combined.

~Hygelac~, ~Higelac~.--Re dei Geati, zio e signore feudale di Beowulf, l'eroe del poema.--La sua seconda moglie è la bella Hygd, figlia di Hæreth. Il figlio della loro unione è Heardred. Viene ucciso in una guerra contro gli Hugs, i Franchi e i Frisoni coalizzati.

Vocabulary

Padre: PAH-dreh — Father; male parent or paternal figure.
di: dee — Of; preposition indicating possession or origin.
e: eh — And; basic coordinating conjunction.
probabilmente: proh-bah-beel-MEN-teh — Probably; used to express likelihood or supposition.
Re: reh — King; male monarch or ruler of a kingdom.
dei: DEH-ee — Of the; masculine plural contracted preposition.
padre: PAH-dreh — Father; male parent or paternal figure.
nonno: NON-noh — Grandfather; father's or mother's father.
Usato: oo-ZAH-toh — Used; past participle of the verb usare.
una: OO-nah — A/an; feminine indefinite article in Italian.
volta: VOL-tah — Time/once; refers to a single occurrence or instance.
per: pehr — For/by; preposition indicating purpose or means.
Un: oon — A/an; masculine indefinite article in Italian.
altro: AHL-troh — Another/other; different or additional person or thing.
nome: NOH-meh — Name; word used to identify a person or thing.
i: ee — The; masculine plural definite article in Italian.
Figlio: FEE-lyoh — Son; male child of a parent.
promontorio: proh-mon-TOH-ree-oh — Promontory; a high point of land jutting into water.
nella: NEL-lah — In the; feminine singular contracted preposition and article.
terra: TER-rah — Land/earth; ground or territory of a region.
nelle: NEL-leh — In the; feminine plural contracted preposition and article.
cui: KOO-ee — Whose/which; relative pronoun indicating possession or relation.
vicinanze: vee-chee-NAN-zeh — Vicinity/surroundings; areas near a particular place.
figli: FEE-lyee — Sons/children; plural of figlio, male offspring.
compirono: kom-PEE-roh-noh — They carried out; past tense of compire, to accomplish.
razzie: RAT-tsyeh — Raids; violent plundering attacks on a territory.
Il: eel — The; masculine singular definite article in Italian.
re: reh — King; male monarch or ruler of a kingdom.
danese: dah-NEH-zeh — Danish; relating to Denmark or its people.
che: keh — Who/that/which; relative or subordinating conjunction.
costruì: koh-stroo-EE — Built; past tense of costruire, to construct.
la: lah — The; feminine singular definite article in Italian.
sala: SAH-lah — Hall/room; a large indoor space or chamber.
ma: mah — But; conjunction expressing contrast or opposition.
non: non — Not; basic Italian negation word.
poté: poh-TEH — Was able; past tense of potere, to be able.
a: ah — To/at; basic Italian preposition of place or direction.
lungo: LOON-goh — Long; adjective describing extended duration or length.
goderne: goh-DEHR-neh — To enjoy it; infinitive of godere combined with pronoun.
causa: KOW-zah — Cause/reason; that which produces an effect or result.
delle: DEL-leh — Of the; feminine plural contracted preposition and article.
persecuzioni: pehr-seh-koo-TSYOH-nee — Persecutions; repeated harassment or attacks against someone.
Sposa: SPOH-zah — Wife/bride; a married woman or woman being wed.
dama: DAH-mah — Lady; a noble or high-ranking woman of court.
degli: DEH-lyee — Of the; masculine plural contracted preposition and article.
Ha: ah — Has; third person singular present of avere, to have.
due: DOO-eh — Two; the number 2, basic cardinal number.
figlia: FEE-lyah — Daughter; female child of a parent.
È: eh — Is; third person singular of essere, to be.
un: oon — A/an; masculine indefinite article in Italian.
tipico: TEE-pee-koh — Typical; characteristic or representative of a type.
teutonico: teh-oo-TOH-nee-koh — Teutonic; relating to ancient Germanic peoples or culture.
prodigo: PROH-dee-goh — Generous/prodigal; lavishly giving or wastefully extravagant.
doni: DOH-nee — Gifts; plural of dono, things given to others.
signore: Lord/sir; a nobleman or respectful form of address.
feudale: feh-oo-DAH-leh — Feudal; relating to the medieval feudal social system.
devoto: deh-VOH-toh — Devoted/devout; deeply loyal or religiously sincere.
come: KOH-meh — As/how/like; conjunction or adverb of comparison.
dimostrano: dee-MOH-strah-noh — They demonstrate; third plural present of dimostrare.
le: leh — The; feminine plural definite article in Italian.
sue: SOO-eh — His/her/its; feminine plural possessive adjective.
lamentazioni: lah-men-tah-TSYOH-nee — Lamentations; expressions of grief or deep sorrow.
vassalli: vas-SAL-lee — Vassals; feudal subordinates pledging loyalty to a lord.
uccisi: oo-CHEE-zee — Killed; past participle of uccidere, to kill.
Anche: AHN-keh — Also/too; adverb adding information to a statement.
molto: MOL-toh — Very/much; adverb intensifying adjectives or verbs.
riconoscente: ree-koh-noh-SHEN-teh — Grateful; feeling or showing appreciation for kindness.
gentilezza: jen-tee-LET-tsah — Kindness; the quality of being gentle and considerate.
ricevuta: ree-cheh-VOO-tah — Received; past participle of ricevere, to receive.
mostra: MOH-strah — Shows; third singular present of mostrare, to show.
sua: SOO-ah — His/her/its; feminine singular possessive adjective.
amorevole: ah-moh-REH-voh-leh — Loving/affectionate; showing warmth and tender care.
gratitudine: grah-tee-TOO-dee-neh — Gratitude; thankfulness for benefits received from others.
verso: VEHR-soh — Towards; preposition indicating direction or orientation.
ecc: EK-keh-teh-rah — Etc.; abbreviation for etcetera, meaning and so forth.
Probabilmente: proh-bah-beel-MEN-teh — Probably; adverb expressing likelihood or supposition.
figlio: FEE-lyoh — Son; male child of a parent.
fratello: frah-TEL-loh — Brother; a male sibling sharing the same parents.
minore: mee-NOH-reh — Younger/lesser; smaller or lower in age or rank.
Certamente: chehr-tah-MEN-teh — Certainly; without doubt, used to affirm something.
in: een — In; basic Italian preposition of location or state.
rapporti: rap-POR-tee — Relations/relations; connections or dealings between people.
stretta: STRET-tah — Close/tight; adjective meaning near, intimate, or narrow.
intimità: een-tee-mee-TAH — Intimacy; close familiarity or personal closeness between people.
nel: nel — In the; masculine singular contracted preposition and article.
palazzo: pah-LAT-tsoh — Palace/building; a large grand residence or official building.
La: lah — The; feminine singular definite article in Italian.
spada: SPAH-dah — Sword; a bladed weapon used in combat.
prestata: preh-STAH-tah — Lent/loaned; past participle of prestare, to lend.
Una: OO-nah — A/an; feminine indefinite article in Italian.
stirpe: STEER-peh — Lineage/stock; a race, family line, or tribal group.
alleata: al-leh-AH-tah — Allied; associated in a pact or military alliance.
con: kon — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or association.
al: ahl — At the/to the; masculine singular contracted preposition.
momento: moh-MEN-toh — Moment; a specific point or short period in time.
della: DEL-lah — Of the; feminine singular contracted preposition and article.
caduta: kah-DOO-tah — Fall/downfall; the act of falling or collapsing.
guerriero: gwer-RYEH-roh — Warrior; a person engaged or experienced in fighting.
generale: jeh-neh-RAH-leh — General; a high-ranking military commander or officer.
Dona: DOH-nah — Gives/donates; third singular present of donare, to give.
bella: BEL-lah — Beautiful/fine; adjective describing beauty or high quality.
Talvolta: tal-VOL-tah — Sometimes; occasionally, not always but at some times.
usato: oo-ZAH-toh — Used; past participle of usare, to use or employ.
zio: DZEE-oh — Uncle; the brother of one's father or mother.
l': l — The; elided definite article before a vowel sound.
eroe: eh-ROH-eh — Hero; a person admired for courage or noble qualities.
del: del — Of the; masculine singular contracted preposition and article.
poema: poh-EH-mah — Poem; a literary work written in verse form.
seconda: seh-KON-dah — Second; ordinal number indicating the second in sequence.
moglie: MOH-lyeh — Wife; a woman who is married to someone.
è: eh — Is; third person singular of essere, to be.
loro: LOH-roh — Their/them; third person plural possessive or pronoun.
unione: oo-NYOH-neh — Union; the joining together of people or things.
Viene: VYEH-neh — Comes/is; third singular present of venire, to come.
ucciso: oo-CHEE-zoh — Killed; past participle of uccidere, to kill.
guerra: GWER-rah — War; armed conflict between groups, nations, or peoples.
contro: KON-troh — Against; preposition indicating opposition or confrontation.
gli: lyee — The; masculine plural definite article before certain consonants.
coalizzati: koh-ah-leet-TSAH-tee — Allied/coalition forces; those joined together against an enemy.

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