Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem — Page 7

Vocabulary

치열하고

chi-yeol-ha-go — Being fierce, intense, and highly competitive

필사적인

pil-sa-jeok-in — Desperate, life-or-death, doing anything to survive

백병전이

baek-byeong-jeon-i — Hand-to-hand combat without weapons (subject marker)

벌어진다.

beol-eo-jin-da — Takes place, unfolds, or breaks out

두

du — Two; used before a noun as a numeral

전투원

jeon-tu-won — Combatant; a person engaged in fighting

모두

mo-du — All, both, everyone included

힘과

him-gwa — Strength and (connecting to next noun)

손아귀

son-a-gwi — Grip; the grasping power of one's hand

힘에만

him-e-man — Relying only on physical strength

의지하며

eui-ji-ha-myeo — Relying on, depending on something

어떤

eo-tteon — Any, some, a certain kind of

무기도

mu-gi-do — Not even a weapon; no weapon at all

사용되지

sa-yong-doe-ji — Is not used (negative construction follows)

않는다.

an-neun-da — Does not; negative declarative sentence ending

어깨를

eo-kkae-reul — Shoulder (object marker); the shoulder of someone

관절에서

gwan-jeol-e-seo — From the joint; at the socket location

뜯어내고

tteu-deo-nae-go — Tears off, rips away from something forcefully

괴물은

goe-mul-eun — The monster (topic marker); a frightening creature

고통과

go-tong-gwa — Pain and (connecting to next noun)

분노로

bun-no-ro — With rage, in anger

울부짖으며

ul-bu-jij-eu-myeo — Howling, wailing in pain or rage

자신의

ja-sin-eui — One's own; referring back to the subject

굴로

gul-lo — To the lair, den, or cave

물러난다.

mul-leo-nan-da — Retreats, withdraws, steps back

그

geu — That, the; a demonstrative or definite article

상처는

sang-cheo-neun — The wound (topic marker); an injury on the body

치명적이다.

chi-myeong-jeok-i-da — Is fatal, lethal, causing death

다음

da-eum — Next, following; the one after this

날

nal — Day; a single calendar day

아침

a-chim — Morning; the early part of the day

이른

i-reun — Early; happening before the usual time

새벽에

sae-byeok-e — At dawn, in the early morning hours

수많은

su-man-eun — Countless, numerous, very many

전사들이

jeon-sa-deul-i — Warriors (subject marker); skilled fighters

소식을

so-sik-eul — News, tidings (object marker)

듣기

deut-gi — Hearing, listening; the act of receiving news

위해

wi-hae — For the purpose of, in order to

궁전으로

gung-jeon-eu-ro — To the palace, toward the royal hall

몰려든다.

mol-lyeo-deun-da — Flock, swarm, gather in large numbers

기쁨은

gi-ppeum-eun — The joy (topic marker); a feeling of happiness

끝이

kkeut-i — End (subject marker); a conclusion or limit

없다.

eop-da — There is none; does not exist

환희가

hwan-hui-ga — Jubilation, great rejoicing (subject marker)

드높다.

deu-nop-da — Is very high, soars, reaches a great level

그의

geu-eui — His; the possessive form of 'he'

신하들은

sin-ha-deul-eun — The retainers, courtiers, royal subjects

감사와

gam-sa-wa — Gratitude and (connecting to next noun)

선물을

seon-mul-eul — Gift, present (object marker)

아낌없이

a-kim-eop-si — Generously, without holding anything back

베푼다.

be-pun-da — Bestows, gives generously, shows kindness

그러나

geu-reo-na — However, but; introduces a contrasting statement

어머니가

eo-meo-ni-ga — The mother (subject marker); Grendel's mother

죽음에

ju-geum-e — For the death; to avenge the killing

복수하기

bok-su-ha-gi — To take revenge, to get retribution

밤

bam — Night; the dark hours after sunset

찾아온다.

cha-ja-on-da — Comes to visit, arrives seeking someone

그녀는

geu-nyeo-neun — She (topic marker); referring to a female

격노하여

gyeong-no-ha-yeo — Having become enraged, furiously angry

날뛰고

nal-ttwi-go — Rampaging, going berserk, acting wildly

있다.

it-da — Is, exists; progressive or existential verb

다른

da-reun — Other, different, another

전사들의

jeon-sa-deul-eui — Of the warriors; possessive form

숙소에서

suk-so-e-seo — From the lodging, at the quarters

다소

da-so — Somewhat, rather, a little bit

떨어진

tteol-eo-jin — Separated, apart, at a distance from

방에서

bang-e-seo — In the room, from the room

잠을

jam-eul — Sleep (object marker); the act of sleeping

자고

ja-go — Sleeping and (continuing action)

있는

it-neun — Is doing (progressive modifier); currently occurring

동안

dong-an — While, during, for a period of time

총애하는

chong-ae-ha-neun — Favored, beloved, most cherished by someone

신하

sin-ha — Retainer, vassal, loyal court official

중

jung — Among, in the middle of a group

한

han — One; numeral used before a noun

명을

myeong-eul — Person (counter, object marker); one individual

붙잡아

but-jab-a — Seizes, grabs, catches hold of someone

끌고

kkeul-go — Dragging along and (continuing action)

가

ga — Goes; movement away from a location

잡아먹는다.

jab-a-meong-neun-da — Catches and devours, eats a captured victim

호출된다.

ho-chul-doe-n-da — Is summoned, called upon for duty

완전히

wan-jeon-hi — Completely, entirely, fully

정화하겠다는

jeong-hwa-ha-get-da-neun — Intending to purify or cleanse completely

결의를

gyeol-eui-reul — Resolve, determination, firm decision (object marker)

품고

pum-go — Harboring, holding within oneself (a feeling)

그는

geu-neun — He (topic marker); referring to Beowulf

무장을

mu-jang-eul — Armor, armament (object marker); battle gear

갖추고

gat-chu-go — Equips oneself with, prepares and dons armor

암컷

am-keot — Female (of an animal or monster)

괴물을

goe-mul-eul — The monster (object marker); fearsome creature

찾아

cha-ja — Searching for, seeking out someone

내려간다.

nae-ryeo-gan-da — Goes down, descends to a lower place

수중을

su-jung-eul — Underwater (object marker); beneath the water

여러

yeo-reo — Several, various, many kinds of

시간

si-gan — Hour, time; a unit of duration

헤쳐

he-chyeo — Pushing through, battling through a medium

나간

na-gan — Having gone out through, emerged from

끝에

kkeut-e — At the end of, after concluding

해저

hae-jeo — Seabed, ocean floor, bottom of the sea

근처에서

geun-cheo-e-seo — Near, in the vicinity of, close to

그녀를

geu-nyeo-reul — Her (object marker); referring to the female monster

만난다.

man-nan-da — Meets, encounters someone face to face

그를

geu-reul — Him (object marker); referring to a male person

간다.

gan-da — Goes, moves toward a destination

그곳에서

geu-got-e-seo — There, at that place, in that location

죽어

jug-eo — Dead, having died (continuing state)

누워

nu-wo — Lying down, reclining (continuing state)

것을

geot-eul — The fact that, the thing (object marker)

본다.

bon-da — Sees, observes, witnesses something

여자와

yeo-ja-wa — With the woman; alongside the female creature

필사적이고

pil-sa-jeok-i-go — Being desperate and (connecting to next adjective)

거의

geo-eui — Almost, nearly, for the most part

치명적인

chi-myeong-jeok-in — Nearly fatal, lethal, life-threatening

싸움을

ssa-um-eul — Fight, battle (object marker); a physical struggle

벌인

beol-in — Having engaged in, carried out (a fight)

죽이고

jug-i-go — Kills and (continuing action sequence)

머리를

meo-ri-reul — The head (object marker); severed head taken as trophy

가지고

ga-ji-go — Taking, carrying, holding with oneself

의기양양하게

eui-gi-yang-yang-ha-ge — Triumphantly, with great pride and elation

위로

wi-ro — Upward, toward the top or surface

헤엄쳐

he-eom-chyeo — Swimming through water (continuing action)

올라온다.

ol-la-on-da — Comes up, rises to the surface

기쁨이

gi-ppeum-i — Joy (subject marker); happiness or delight

새로이

sae-ro-i — Anew, freshly, once again

넘쳐난다.

neom-chyeo-nan-da — Overflows, abounds, brims with emotion

승리자에게

seung-ni-ja-e-ge — To the victor, for the winner

축하

chuk-ha — Congratulations, celebration of an achievement

인사가

in-sa-ga — Greetings (subject marker); words of congratulation

쏟아진다.

ssot-a-jin-da — Pours out, floods in, comes in abundance

문자

mun-ja — Literally (used idiomatically); also means letter/character

그대로

geu-dae-ro — As is, literally, just as it is

품에

pum-e — Into the arms, into the embrace of someone

보물을

bo-mul-eul — Treasure (object marker); valuable gifts or riches

쏟아붓고

ssot-a-but-go — Pours out lavishly, heaps upon abundantly

왕의

wang-eui — Of the king; the king's possessive form

신하들

sin-ha-deul — The retainers, courtiers, loyal servants

사이에서는

sa-i-e-seo-neun — Among, within the group (topic marker)

그들의

geu-deul-eui — Their; possessive form of 'they'

군주가

gun-ju-ga — Lord, ruler (subject marker); sovereign leader

될

doel — Will become; future tense modifier

것이라는

geot-i-ra-neun — That it will be; reported future expectation

데

de — The fact that; nominalizing dependent clause

의견이

eui-gyeon-i — Opinion (subject marker); a view or consensus

모인다.

mo-in-da — Converges, gathers, reaches agreement

땅을

ttang-eul — Land, ground (object marker); the territory

떠난다.

tteo-nan-da — Leaves, departs from a place

떠남에

tteo-nam-e — At the departure; regarding the leaving

눈물을

nun-mul-eul — Tears (object marker); teardrops from eyes

흘리며

heul-li-myeo — Shedding tears while doing something else

슬퍼한다.

seul-peo-han-da — Feels sad, grieves, expresses sorrow