Beyond Good and Evil — Page 1

Vocabulary

、

(tōten) — Japanese comma used to separate clauses or items.

および

oyobi — And; as well as; used to connect items formally.

オンライン

onrain — Online; connected to or done via the internet.

分散

bunsan — Distributed; dispersed; spread across multiple locations.

校正

kōsei — Proofreading; correcting errors in a text.

チーム

chīmu — Team; a group working together toward a goal.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or agent.

よって

yotte — By means of; by; due to; because of.

制作

seisaku — Production; creation of a work or content.

され

sare — Passive verb form of 'suru'; was done or made.

まし

mashi — Polite past auxiliary verb component (mashita form).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action.

善悪

zen'aku — Good and evil; morality; right and wrong.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle; of; belonging to.

彼岸

higan — Beyond; the other shore; transcendence of opposites.

著

cho — Written by; authored by; used after an author's name.

訳

yaku — Translation; translated by; version in another language.

この

kono — This; refers to something near the speaker.

電子テキスト

denshi tekisuto — Electronic text; digital version of a written document.

版

han — Edition; version; published form of a work.

ついて

tsuite — About; concerning; regarding a topic or subject.

転写者

tenshasha — Transcriber; person who transcribes or converts text.

注記

chūki — Note; annotation; explanatory remark added to text.

以下

ika — Below; the following; less than a stated value.

は

wa — Topic marker particle; indicates the sentence topic.

全集

zenshū — Complete works; collected works of an author.

収録

shūroku — Included in; recorded in a collection or publication.

さ

sa — Passive auxiliary verb suffix; part of sareru form.

れ

re — Passive verb ending; part of passive conjugation.

よる

yoru — Based on; due to; by means of something.

ドイツ語

Doitsugo — German language; the language spoken in Germany.

から

kara — From; starting point in space, time, or sequence.

英語

Eigo — English language; the language spoken in England.

へ

e — To; toward; directional particle indicating destination.

翻訳

hon'yaku — Translation; converting text from one language to another.

復刻版

fukkokuban — Reprint; republished edition of an older work.

です

desu — Polite copula; is; am; are in formal speech.

原文

genbun — Original text; the source document before translation.

いくつか

ikutsuka — Some; several; a few of something unspecified.

改変

kaihen — Modification; alteration; change made to original content.

を

wo — Object marker particle; marks the direct object.

加え

kuwaе — Add; append; include something additional to something.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or related actions.

形式

keishiki — Format; form; style or structure of a document.

整え

totonoe — Arrange; adjust; put into proper order or format.

原書

gensho — Original book; the source text in its original form.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action, means, or method.

イタリック体

Atarikku-tai — Italic typeface; slanted style of printed text.

なっ

natt(e) — Became; changed state; te-form of naru (to become).

いる

iru — To be; to exist; indicates ongoing state or action.

箇所

kasho — Place; passage; specific spot or section in text.

外国語

gaikokugo — Foreign language; language of another country.

フレーズ

furēzu — Phrase; a short expression or group of words.

大部分

daibubun — The majority; most of; the greater part of something.

除き

nozoki — Excluding; except for; leaving out specific items.

大文字

ōmoji — Capital letter; uppercase letter in written text.

表記

hyōki — Notation; written representation; way of writing something.

い

i — Continuative stem of iru; part of ongoing action form.

ます

masu — Polite verb ending indicating present or future tense.

脚注

kyakuchū — Footnote; explanatory note at the bottom of a page.

本文

honbun — Main text; body text of a document or book.

中

naka / chū — Inside; middle; within; among a group or text.

引用

in'yō — Quotation; citation; text borrowed from another source.

括弧

kakko — Brackets; parentheses; enclosing punctuation marks.

入れ

ire — Put in; insert; place inside something else.

置か

oka — Place; put; set down in a particular position.

一部

ichibu — Part of; some; a portion of a larger whole.

綴り

tsuzuri — Spelling; the arrangement of letters in a word.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; marks the grammatical subject.

変更

henkō — Change; alteration; modification of something existing.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle; connects nouns or quotes.

綴ら

tsuzura — Spell; written with specific letters; spelling verb form.

という

to iu — Called; known as; said to be; named.

文字

moji — Letter; character; written symbol in a script.

含む

fukumu — Include; contain; encompass within something larger.

単語

tango — Word; a single unit of vocabulary in a language.

例えば

tatoeba — For example; for instance; used to introduce examples.

など

nado — Et cetera; and so on; such things as listed.

よう

yō — Like; as if; in the manner of; it seems.

目次

mokuji — Table of contents; list of chapters in a book.

序文

jobun — Preface; foreword; introductory text before main content.

第一章

dai-isshō — Chapter one; the first chapter of a book.

哲学者

tetsugakusha — Philosopher; a person who studies or practices philosophy.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people; indicates a group of people.

偏見

henken — Prejudice; bias; preconceived unfair opinion about something.

第二章

dai-nishō — Chapter two; the second chapter of a book.

自由

jiyū — Freedom; liberty; being free from constraint or restriction.

精神

seishin — Spirit; mind; mental or spiritual essence of a person.

第三章

dai-sanshō — Chapter three; the third chapter of a book.

宗教的

shūkyōteki — Religious; pertaining to religion or spiritual belief.

気質

kishitsu — Temperament; disposition; innate character or nature.

第四章

dai-yonshō — Chapter four; the fourth chapter of a book.

格言

kakugen — Maxim; aphorism; short pithy statement of wisdom.

間奏

kansō — Interlude; intermezzo; a passage between main sections.

第五章

dai-goshō — Chapter five; the fifth chapter of a book.

道徳

dōtoku — Morality; ethics; principles of right and wrong conduct.

自然誌

shizenshī — Natural history; study of nature and living organisms.

第六章

dai-rokushō — Chapter six; the sixth chapter of a book.

われら

warera — We; us; a somewhat literary first-person plural pronoun.

学者

gakusha — Scholar; learned person; academic or researcher.

第七章

dai-nanashō — Chapter seven; the seventh chapter of a book.

徳

toku — Virtue; moral excellence; ethical quality of a person.

第八章

dai-hasshō — Chapter eight; the eighth chapter of a book.

民族

minzoku — Ethnic group; people; a community sharing cultural identity.

国々

kuniguni — Countries; nations; multiple different countries or lands.

第九章

dai-kyūshō — Chapter nine; the ninth chapter of a book.

高貴

kōki — Noble; aristocratic; of high rank or dignified character.

何か

nanika — Something; anything; an unspecified thing or matter.

高み

takami — Heights; elevated place; lofty position or standpoint.

より

yori — From; than; more than; indicates comparison or origin.

訳詩

yakushi — Translated poem; poetry rendered into another language.

仮に

karini — Hypothetically; supposing; assuming for the sake of argument.

真理

shinri — Truth; fundamental reality; ultimate philosophical truth.

女性

josei — Woman; female; relating to the female gender.

ある

aru — To be; to exist; there is; indicates existence of something.

すれ

sure — Conditional stem of suru; if one does or were to do.

ば

ba — Conditional particle; if; when a condition is met.

それ

sore — That; that thing; refers to something previously mentioned.

なら

nara — If that is the case; then; conditional conjunction.

どう

dō — How; in what way; asking about manner or result.

なる

naru — To become; to turn into; to result in something.

か

ka — Question particle; turns a sentence into a question.