Beyond Good and Evil — Page 9

Vocabulary

哲学者

tetsugakusha — A philosopher; one who studies philosophy professionally.

において

ni oite — In; at; regarding a particular place or context.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence's subject.

それ

sore — That; refers to something previously mentioned.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting words or clauses.

反対

hantai — Opposition; the opposite; to be against something.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose.

非

hi — Non-; un-; prefix meaning negation or absence of something.

個人

kojin — An individual person; personal; private individual.

的

teki — Suffix forming adjectives meaning '-like' or '-related'.

な

na — Adjectival copula linking na-adjectives to nouns.

もの

mono — Thing; object; something tangible or abstract.

全く

mattaku — Completely; entirely; absolutely; not at all (negative).

何

nani — What; something; used in questions or indefinite reference.

も

mo — Also; too; even; particle adding emphasis or inclusion.

ない

nai — Not exist; negative form indicating absence or negation.

そして

soshite — And then; and; connecting two sentences or ideas.

より

yori — Than; from; more than; comparative or origin particle.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine singular pronoun.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns.

道徳

dōtoku — Morality; ethics; moral principles guiding behavior.

が

ga — Subject marker particle identifying who performs an action.

何者

nanimono — Who; what kind of person; someone's true identity.

で

de — At; by means of; copula particle indicating state or place.

ある

aru — To exist; to be; indicates existence of inanimate things.

か

ka — Question marker particle placed at end of sentences.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is; namely; in other words; i.e.

本性

honshō — True nature; innate character; one's essential disposition.

最も

mottomo — Most; the most; superlative degree modifier.

深い

fukai — Deep; profound; intense in degree or meaning.

衝動

shōdō — Impulse; urge; sudden strong instinctive drive.

互い

tagai — Each other; mutual; reciprocal relationship between parties.

どの

dono — Which; what kind of; interrogative determiner before nouns.

よう

yō — Way; manner; like; resemblance or method of doing.

順序

junjo — Order; sequence; arrangement in proper succession.

並ん

narande — Lined up; arranged in a row or sequence.

いる

iru — To exist; to be (animate); progressive state marker.

ついて

tsuite — About; concerning; regarding a topic or subject.

明確

meikaku — Clear; definite; explicit; unambiguous in meaning.

かつ

katsu — And; moreover; simultaneously; both conditions applying.

決定

kettei — Decision; determination; a definitive conclusion reached.

証言

shōgen — Testimony; witness statement; evidence given verbally.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

もたらす

motarasu — To bring; to cause; to produce a result or outcome.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

いかに

ikani — How; in what way; to what extent; how very.

悪意

akui — Malice; ill will; bad intent toward someone.

満ち

michi — Full of; filled with; brimming with a quality.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or causal actions.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; act; nominalizer for verbal expressions.

および

oyobi — And; as well as; formal conjunction linking items.

主義者

shugisha — An -ist; advocate or adherent of a particular doctrine.

対して

taishite — Toward; against; in contrast to; directed at someone.

あえて

aete — Daring to; deliberately; going so far as to do.

行っ

itte / おこなって (okonatte) — Went; did; performed an action (past connective form).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action.

冗談

jōdan — A joke; jest; humorous remark not meant seriously.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; as much as; approximately.

痛烈

tsūretsu — Scathing; biting; severely sharp in criticism or wit.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

知ら

shira — Know (stem form); base of 知る used before negation.

彼ら

karera — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

呼ん

yonde — Called; named; referred to as (connective past form).

だ

da — Is; copula asserting a fact or state informally.

その

sono — That; the; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.

本来

honrai — Originally; essentially; by nature; fundamentally speaking.

意味

imi — Meaning; significance; what a word or action signifies.

字義

jigi — Literal meaning; the exact meaning of characters or words.

通り

tōri — As; in accordance with; street; passing through.

言え

ie — Can say; if one says (conditional form of 言う).

ば

ba — If; conditional particle expressing hypothetical situation.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.

語

go — Word; language; a linguistic term or expression.

追従

tsuishō — Flattery; following sycophantically; servile compliance.

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does something; suffix denoting a person.

する

suru — To do; to make; general-purpose action verb.

取り巻き

torimaki — Entourage; hangers-on; people surrounding someone powerful.

や

ya — And; or; particle listing examples among others.

媚び

kobi — Flattery; fawning; ingratiation through excessive praise.

へつらう

hetsurau — To flatter; to fawn on; to curry favor obsequiously.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless; contrasting conjunction.

これ

kore — This; this thing; referring to something nearby.

加え

kuwae — In addition; adding; moreover (connective verb form).

皆

mina / minna — Everyone; all; everybody together.

役者

yakusha — Actor; performer; skilled player in theatrical arts.

あり

ari — Is; exists; there is (classical or formal copula form).

本物

honmono — The real thing; genuine; authentic; not imitation.

らしい

rashii — Seeming; appearing to be; having the appearance of.

ところ

tokoro — Place; point; aspect; the fact that something is.

言い

ii — Saying; to say (stem form used before nouns or particles).

たい

tai — Want to; desiderative suffix expressing wish to do.

通俗

tsūzoku — Popular; common; vulgar; widely known among ordinary people.

呼び名

yobina — Name; designation; what something is commonly called.

あっ

atte — Was; existed (connective past form of ある).

から

kara — From; because; since; particle indicating reason or origin.

後者

kōsha — The latter; the second of two previously mentioned things.

こそ

koso — Indeed; precisely; emphatic particle stressing the preceding word.

投げかけ

nagekake — To throw at; to direct toward; to pose a question.

真

shin / ma — True; genuine; real; sincere in nature.

非難

hinan — Criticism; blame; censure directed at someone's actions.

弟子

deshi — Disciple; student; pupil who follows a master's teachings.

得意

tokui — Pride; specialty; being proud of or good at something.

し

shi — And; conjunctive form listing reasons or sequential actions.

い

i — Is (progressive); short form of いる in conjunctive use.

壮大

sōdai — Grand; magnificent; imposing in scale or presentation.

態度

taido — Attitude; manner; one's bearing or behavioral stance.

演出

enshutsu — Direction; staging; theatrical presentation or performance style.

様式

yōshiki — Style; form; manner; a particular established pattern.

なかっ

nakatta — Was not; past negative of ない (connective form).

苛立っ

iradatte — Irritated; frustrated; connective past form of 苛立つ.

島

shima — Island; a landmass surrounded by water.

出身

shusshin — From; native of; one's place of origin or hometown.

あの

ano — That (over there); demonstrative referring to distant thing.

老

rō — Old; aged; prefix indicating elderly status.

学校

gakkō — School; educational institution for learning.

教師

kyōshi — Teacher; instructor; one who teaches at a school.

小さな

chiisana — Small; little; tiny in size or scale.

庭

niwa — Garden; yard; outdoor space attached to a building.

身

mi — Body; oneself; one's person or physical self.

潜め

hisomete — Hiding; concealing oneself; keeping a low profile.

座り

suwari — Sitting; taking a seated position (stem form of 座る).

三百

sanbyaku — Three hundred; the number 300.

冊

satsu — Counter for bound books or volumes.

本

hon — Book; a bound volume; also counter for long objects.

書い

kaite — Wrote; having written (connective past form of 書く).

おそらく

osoraku — Probably; perhaps; most likely; expressing probability.

へ

e — To; toward; directional particle indicating movement.

怒り

ikari — Anger; rage; strong feeling of displeasure or fury.

野心

yashin — Ambition; aspiration; desire for power or achievement.

嫉妬

shitto — Jealousy; envy; resentment of another's advantages.

しれ

shire — Might be; could be (from 知れる, potential/uncertain form).

誰

dare — Who; which person; interrogative pronoun for persons.

知ろ

shirō — Know (volitional); let's know; who would know?

う

u — Volitional suffix expressing intention, conjecture, or invitation.

ギリシャ

Girisha — Greece; the European nation known for ancient philosophy.

神

kami / shin — God; deity; divine being in religious belief.

知る

shiru — To know; to be aware of; to learn something.

百年

hyakunen — One hundred years; a century of time.

要し

yōshi — Required; needed (connective form of 要する, to require).

果たして

hatashite — As expected; indeed; sure enough; after all.

でき

deki — Can; able to (stem of できる, to be possible).

あろ

aro — Would be; probably is (volitional form of ある).

あらゆる

arayuru — Every; all; of every kind without exception.

哲学

tetsugaku — Philosophy; the academic discipline studying existence and knowledge.

確信

kakushin — Conviction; firm belief; certainty about something being true.

表舞台

omotebutai — The public stage; the limelight; front of the scene.

現れる

arawareru — To appear; to emerge; to come into view or light.

一点

itten — One point; a single point or spot; one aspect.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; either one of two possibilities.

古代

kodai — Ancient times; antiquity; a historical era long past.

神秘

shinpi — Mystery; mysticism; something secret and beyond understanding.

言葉

kotoba — Word; language; expression; spoken or written utterance.

借りれ

karire — Borrow (potential/conditional form of 借りる, to borrow).

驢馬

roba — Donkey; ass; a stubborn domesticated working animal.

来たり

kitari — Has come; arrived (literary/classical form of 来る).

美しく

utsukushiku — Beautifully; in a beautiful manner (adverbial form).

いと

ito — Very; exceedingly (classical/literary intensifier adverb).

強し

tsuyoshi — Strong; mighty (classical adjective ending, literary form).