Cranford — Page 11

Vocabulary

Non

non — Negation word meaning 'not' in Italian

so

so — First person singular of 'sapere', meaning 'I know'

se

se — Conjunction meaning 'if' or reflexive pronoun 'oneself'

fosse

fosse — Imperfect subjunctive of 'essere', meaning 'were'

graziosa

grat-tsyo-za — Adjective meaning 'graceful' or 'pretty'

o

o — Conjunction meaning 'or'

no

no — Negative response meaning 'no'

ma

ma — Conjunction meaning 'but'

il

il — Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'

suo

swo — Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'

viso

vee-zo — Noun meaning 'face'

mi

mi — First person singular pronoun meaning 'me' or 'to me'

piaceva

pya-che-va — Imperfect tense of 'piacere', meaning 'was pleasing'

e

e — Conjunction meaning 'and'

a

a — Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'

tutti

toot-ti — Pronoun or adjective meaning 'everyone' or 'all'

non

non — Negation word meaning 'not'

credo

kre-do — First person singular of 'credere', meaning 'I believe'

che

ke — Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that', 'which', or 'who'

potesse

po-tes-se — Imperfect subjunctive of 'potere', meaning 'could'

fare

fa-re — Infinitive verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make'

meno

me-no — Adverb meaning 'less'

delle

del-le — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'of the'

sue

soo-e — Feminine plural possessive meaning 'her', 'his', or 'its'

fossette

fos-set-te — Noun meaning 'dimples' on the face

Aveva

a-ve-va — Imperfect tense of 'avere', meaning 'she/he had'

qualcosa

kwal-ko-za — Pronoun meaning 'something'

della

del-la — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'of the'

disinvoltura

di-zin-vol-too-ra — Noun meaning 'ease', 'nonchalance', or 'self-confidence'

nel

nel — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'in the'

portamento

por-ta-men-to — Noun meaning 'bearing', 'posture', or 'carriage'

nei

nei — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'in the' (masculine plural)

modi

mo-di — Noun meaning 'manners' or 'ways'

di

di — Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

padre

pa-dre — Noun meaning 'father'

qualsiasi

kwal-sya-zi — Adjective meaning 'any' or 'whatever'

osservatrice

os-ser-va-tree-che — Feminine noun meaning 'observer' or 'one who observes'

avrebbe

av-reb-be — Conditional of 'avere', meaning 'would have'

potuto

po-too-to — Past participle of 'potere', meaning 'been able to'

notare

no-ta-re — Infinitive verb meaning 'to notice' or 'to note'

una

oo-na — Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'

leggera

led-je-ra — Adjective meaning 'slight', 'light', or 'minor'

differenza

dif-fe-ren-tsa — Noun meaning 'difference'

nell'

nell — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'in the'

abbigliamento

ab-bil-ya-men-to — Noun meaning 'clothing' or 'attire'

due

doo-e — Number meaning 'two'

sorelle

so-rel-le — Noun meaning 'sisters'

quello

kwel-lo — Demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'that'

signorina

sin-yo-ree-na — Noun or title meaning 'Miss' or 'young lady'

costava

kos-ta-va — Imperfect tense of 'costare', meaning 'used to cost'

circa

cheer-ka — Adverb meaning 'approximately' or 'about'

sterline

ster-lee-ne — Noun meaning 'pounds sterling', British currency

all'

all — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'to the' or 'per'

anno

an-no — Noun meaning 'year'

in

in — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into'

più

pyoo — Adverb meaning 'more'

rispetto

ris-pet-to — Noun meaning 'respect' or preposition meaning 'compared to'

Due

doo-e — Number meaning 'two'

rappresentavano

rap-pre-zen-ta-va-no — Imperfect tense meaning 'they represented'

somma

som-ma — Noun meaning 'sum' or 'amount of money'

considerevole

kon-si-de-re-vo-le — Adjective meaning 'considerable' or 'significant'

nelle

nel-le — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'in the' (feminine plural)

spese

spe-ze — Noun meaning 'expenses' or 'costs'

annuali

an-nwa-li — Adjective meaning 'annual' or 'yearly'

del

del — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'of the'

capitano

ka-pi-ta-no — Noun meaning 'captain'

Tale

ta-le — Adjective or pronoun meaning 'such' or 'this kind of'

fu

foo — Past tense of 'essere', meaning 'was'

l'

l — Contracted definite article meaning 'the'

impressione

im-pres-syo-ne — Noun meaning 'impression'

la

la — Feminine definite article meaning 'the'

famiglia

fa-mil-ya — Noun meaning 'family'

fece

fe-che — Past tense of 'fare', meaning 'made' or 'did'

su

soo — Preposition meaning 'on', 'upon', or 'about'

me

me — Personal pronoun meaning 'me'

quando

kwan-do — Conjunction or adverb meaning 'when'

li

li — Third person plural object pronoun meaning 'them'

vidi

vi-di — Past tense of 'vedere', meaning 'I saw'

insieme

in-sye-me — Adverb meaning 'together'

per

per — Preposition meaning 'for', 'through', or 'by'

prima

pree-ma — Adjective or adverb meaning 'first' or 'before'

volta

vol-ta — Noun meaning 'time' as in 'occasion' or 'instance'

nella

nel-la — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'in the' (feminine)

chiesa

kye-za — Noun meaning 'church'

Il

il — Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'

lo

lo — Masculine singular object pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it'

avevo

a-ve-vo — First person imperfect of 'avere', meaning 'I had'

già

ja — Adverb meaning 'already'

incontrato

in-kon-tra-to — Past participle of 'incontrare', meaning 'met' or 'encountered'

precedenza

pre-che-den-tsa — Noun meaning 'previously' or 'precedence'

occasione

ok-ka-zyo-ne — Noun meaning 'occasion' or 'opportunity'

camino

ka-mee-no — Noun meaning 'fireplace' or 'chimney'

fumoso

foo-mo-zo — Adjective meaning 'smoky'

aveva

a-ve-va — Imperfect tense of 'avere', meaning 'he/she had'

riparato

ri-pa-ra-to — Past participle of 'riparare', meaning 'repaired' or 'fixed'

con

kon — Preposition meaning 'with'

semplice

sem-pli-che — Adjective meaning 'simple' or 'easy'

modifica

mo-di-fi-ka — Noun meaning 'modification' or 'alteration'

al

al — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'to the'

condotto

kon-dot-to — Noun meaning 'duct', 'pipe', or 'flue'

In

in — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into'

tenne

ten-ne — Past tense of 'tenere', meaning 'held' or 'kept'

binocolo

bi-no-ko-lo — Noun meaning 'binoculars' or 'opera glasses'

agli

al-yi — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'to the' (masculine plural)

occhi

ok-ki — Noun meaning 'eyes'

durante

doo-ran-te — Preposition meaning 'during'

Inno

in-no — Noun meaning 'hymn' or 'anthem'

Mattino

mat-tee-no — Noun meaning 'morning'

poi

poi — Adverb meaning 'then' or 'afterwards'

alzò

al-tso — Past tense of 'alzare', meaning 'raised' or 'lifted'

testa

tes-ta — Noun meaning 'head'

eretta

e-ret-ta — Adjective meaning 'erect', 'upright', or 'straight'

cantò

kan-to — Past tense of 'cantare', meaning 'sang'

voce

vo-che — Noun meaning 'voice'

alta

al-ta — Adjective meaning 'high' or 'loud'

gioiosamente

jo-yo-za-men-te — Adverb meaning 'joyfully' or 'happily'

Recitava

re-chi-ta-va — Imperfect tense of 'recitare', meaning 'was reciting' or 'reading aloud'

le

le — Feminine plural article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'them'

risposte

ris-pos-te — Noun meaning 'responses' or 'answers'

sagrestano

sa-gres-ta-no — Noun meaning 'sacristan' or 'church sexton'

un

un — Masculine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'

vecchio

vek-kyo — Adjective or noun meaning 'old' or 'old man'

dalla

dal-la — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'from the'

flebile

fle-bi-le — Adjective meaning 'faint', 'weak', or 'feeble' in sound

stridula

stri-doo-la — Adjective meaning 'shrill' or 'strident'

si

si — Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself' or impersonal 'one'

sentiva

sen-tee-va — Imperfect tense of 'sentire', meaning 'felt' or 'heard'

offeso

of-fe-zo — Past participle of 'offendere', meaning 'offended'

dal

dal — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'from the'

basso

bas-so — Adjective meaning 'low' or noun meaning 'bass' voice

sonoro

so-no-ro — Adjective meaning 'resonant', 'loud', or 'sonorous'

questo

kwes-to — Demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'this'

saliva

sa-lee-va — Imperfect tense of 'salire', meaning 'was rising' or 'going up'

sempre

sem-pre — Adverb meaning 'always'

alto

al-to — Adjective meaning 'high', 'tall', or 'loud'

tono

to-no — Noun meaning 'tone' or 'pitch'

Uscendo

u-shen-do — Gerund of 'uscire', meaning 'leaving' or 'going out'

vivace

vi-va-che — Adjective meaning 'lively' or 'vivacious'

dedicò

de-di-ko — Past tense of 'dedicare', meaning 'dedicated' or 'devoted'

galanti

ga-lan-ti — Adjective meaning 'gallant', 'chivalrous', or 'courteous'

attenzioni

at-ten-tsyo-ni — Noun meaning 'attentions' or 'courtesies'

alle

al-le — Contracted preposition and article meaning 'to the' (feminine plural)

figlie

fil-ye — Noun meaning 'daughters'