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English → Fr Preface Level 8/10

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

CRIME ET CHÂTIMENT

By Fyodor Dostoevsky

Par Fiodor Dostoïevski

Translated By Constance Garnett

Traduit par Constance Garnett

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE

PRÉFACE DU TRADUCTEUR

A few words about Dostoevsky himself may help the English reader to understand his work.

Quelques mots sur Dostoïevski lui-même pourront aider le lecteur anglais à comprendre son œuvre.

Dostoevsky was the son of a doctor.

Dostoïevski était le fils d'un médecin.

His parents were very hard-working and deeply religious people, but so poor that they lived with their five children in only two rooms.

Ses parents étaient des gens très laborieux et profondément religieux, mais si pauvres qu'ils vivaient avec leurs cinq enfants dans seulement deux pièces.

The father and mother spent their evenings in reading aloud to their children, generally from books of a serious character.

Le père et la mère passaient leurs soirées à faire la lecture à voix haute à leurs enfants, généralement dans des ouvrages de caractère sérieux.

Though always sickly and delicate Dostoevsky came out third in the final examination of the Petersburg school of Engineering.

Bien que toujours chétif et fragile, Dostoïevski se classa troisième à l'examen final de l'école d'ingénieurs de Pétersbourg.

There he had already begun his first work, "Poor Folk."

C'est là qu'il avait déjà commencé sa première œuvre, « Les Pauvres Gens ».

This story was published by the poet Nekrassov in his review and was received with acclamations.

Cette histoire fut publiée par le poète Nekrassov dans sa revue et fut accueillie avec acclamations.

The shy, unknown youth found himself instantly something of a celebrity.

Le jeune homme timide et inconnu se retrouva instantanément une sorte de célébrité.

A brilliant and successful career seemed to open before him, but those hopes were soon dashed.

Une carrière brillante et prometteuse semblait s'ouvrir devant lui, mais ces espoirs furent bientôt anéantis.

In 1849 he was arrested.

En 1849, il fut arrêté.

Though neither by temperament nor conviction a revolutionist, Dostoevsky was one of a little group of young men who met together to read Fourier and Proudhon.

Sans être révolutionnaire ni par tempérament ni par conviction, Dostoïevski faisait partie d'un petit groupe de jeunes gens qui se réunissaient pour lire Fourier et Proudhon.

He was accused of "taking part in conversations against the censorship, of reading a letter from Byelinsky to Gogol, and of knowing of the intention to set up a printing press."

Il fut accusé « d'avoir pris part à des conversations contre la censure, d'avoir lu une lettre de Bielinski à Gogol, et d'avoir eu connaissance de l'intention de créer une imprimerie ».

Under Nicholas I. (that "stern and just man," as Maurice Baring calls him) this was enough, and he was condemned to death.

Sous Nicolas Ier (ce « homme sévère et juste », comme l'appelle Maurice Baring), cela suffisait, et il fut condamné à mort.

Vocabulary

CRIME
An illegal act punishable by law
ET
Conjunction meaning 'and'
CHÂTIMENT
Severe punishment given for a wrongdoing
Par
Preposition meaning 'by' or 'through'
Traduit
Past participle of 'traduire,' meaning 'translated'
par
Preposition meaning 'by' or 'through'
PRÉFACE
Introductory section written before a book's main text
DU
Contraction of 'de le,' meaning 'of the'
TRADUCTEUR
A person who translates texts between languages
Quelques
Determiner meaning 'a few' or 'some'
mots
Plural of 'mot,' meaning 'words'
sur
Preposition meaning 'on' or 'about'
lui
Third-person singular pronoun meaning 'him' or 'her'
même
Adjective or adverb meaning 'same' or 'even'
pourront
Future tense of 'pouvoir,' meaning 'will be able to'
aider
Verb meaning 'to help' or 'to assist'
le
Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular)
lecteur
A person who reads; a reader
anglais
Adjective or noun meaning 'English'
à
Preposition meaning 'to,' 'at,' or 'in'
comprendre
Verb meaning 'to understand' or 'to comprehend'
son
Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its'
œuvre
A body of work produced by an artist or writer
était
Imperfect tense of 'être,' meaning 'was' or 'were'
fils
Noun meaning 'son'
d'
Contracted form of 'de,' meaning 'of' or 'from'
un
Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (masculine)
médecin
A doctor or physician
Ses
Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its' (plural)
parents
Noun meaning 'parents' or relatives
étaient
Imperfect plural of 'être,' meaning 'were'
des
Plural indefinite article meaning 'some' or 'of the'
gens
Noun meaning 'people' or 'folk'
très
Adverb meaning 'very'
laborieux
Adjective meaning 'hardworking' or 'industrious'
et
Conjunction meaning 'and'
profondément
Adverb meaning 'deeply' or 'profoundly'
religieux
Adjective meaning 'religious' or 'devout'
mais
Conjunction meaning 'but'
si
Conjunction meaning 'so' or 'if'
pauvres
Adjective meaning 'poor' or 'impoverished'
qu'
Conjunction meaning 'that' or 'than,' elided form
ils
Third-person plural pronoun meaning 'they' (masculine)
vivaient
Imperfect of 'vivre,' meaning 'were living' or 'lived'
avec
Preposition meaning 'with'
leurs
Possessive adjective meaning 'their' (plural)
cinq
Number meaning 'five'
enfants
Noun meaning 'children'
dans
Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside'
seulement
Adverb meaning 'only' or 'just'
deux
Number meaning 'two'
pièces
Noun meaning 'rooms' or 'pieces'
Le
Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular)
père
Noun meaning 'father'
la
Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular)
mère
Noun meaning 'mother'
passaient
Imperfect of 'passer,' meaning 'spent' or 'passed'
soirées
Noun meaning 'evenings' or 'evening gatherings'
faire
Verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make'
lecture
The act of reading; a reading session
voix
Noun meaning 'voice' or 'voices'
haute
Adjective meaning 'high' or 'loud' (feminine)
généralement
Adverb meaning 'generally' or 'usually'
ouvrages
Noun meaning 'works' or 'books'
de
Preposition meaning 'of,' 'from,' or 'about'
caractère
Noun meaning 'character,' 'nature,' or 'type'
sérieux
Adjective meaning 'serious' or 'grave'
Bien
Adverb meaning 'well'; in 'bien que' means 'although'
que
Conjunction meaning 'that,' 'which,' or 'than'
toujours
Adverb meaning 'always' or 'still'
chétif
Adjective meaning 'frail,' 'weak,' or 'sickly'
fragile
Adjective meaning 'fragile,' 'delicate,' or 'weak'
se
Reflexive pronoun meaning 'himself,' 'herself,' or 'itself'
classa
Past tense of 'classer,' meaning 'ranked' or 'placed'
troisième
Ordinal number meaning 'third'
l'
Contracted definite article 'le' or 'la' before vowel
examen
A test or examination to assess knowledge
final
Adjective meaning 'final' or 'last'
école
Noun meaning 'school'
ingénieurs
Plural noun meaning 'engineers'
C'
Contracted form of 'ce,' used in 'c'est' meaning 'it is'
est
Third-person singular of 'être,' meaning 'is'
Adverb meaning 'there' or 'then'
il
Third-person singular masculine pronoun meaning 'he' or 'it'
avait
Imperfect of 'avoir,' meaning 'had'
déjà
Adverb meaning 'already'
commencé
Past participle of 'commencer,' meaning 'begun' or 'started'
sa
Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its' (feminine)
première
Feminine ordinal meaning 'first'
Les
Definite article meaning 'the' (plural)
Pauvres
Adjective/noun meaning 'poor' or 'the poor'
Gens
Noun meaning 'people' or 'folk'
Cette
Demonstrative adjective meaning 'this' (feminine)
histoire
Noun meaning 'story' or 'history'
fut
Simple past of 'être,' meaning 'was'
publiée
Past participle of 'publier,' meaning 'published'
poète
Noun meaning 'poet'
revue
A literary or scholarly journal or magazine
accueillie
Past participle of 'accueillir,' meaning 'welcomed' or 'received'
acclamations
Noun meaning 'acclaim,' 'cheers,' or 'applause'
jeune
Adjective meaning 'young'
homme
Noun meaning 'man'
timide
Adjective meaning 'shy' or 'timid'
inconnu
Adjective meaning 'unknown' or 'unfamiliar'
retrouva
Simple past of 'retrouver,' meaning 'found again' or 'discovered'
instantanément
Adverb meaning 'instantly' or 'immediately'
une
Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (feminine)
sorte
Noun meaning 'sort,' 'kind,' or 'type'
célébrité
Noun meaning 'fame,' 'celebrity,' or 'renown'
Une
Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (feminine)
carrière
Noun meaning 'career' or 'profession'
brillante
Adjective meaning 'brilliant' or 'outstanding' (feminine)
prometteuse
Adjective meaning 'promising' or 'full of promise' (feminine)
semblait
Imperfect of 'sembler,' meaning 'seemed' or 'appeared'
s'
Reflexive pronoun 'se' elided before a vowel
ouvrir
Verb meaning 'to open'
devant
Preposition meaning 'before' or 'in front of'
ces
Demonstrative adjective meaning 'these' or 'those'
espoirs
Noun meaning 'hopes'
furent
Simple past plural of 'être,' meaning 'were'
bientôt
Adverb meaning 'soon'
anéantis
Past participle meaning 'destroyed,' 'annihilated,' or 'shattered'
En
Preposition meaning 'in' or 'during'
arrêté
Past participle of 'arrêter,' meaning 'arrested' or 'stopped'
Sans
Preposition meaning 'without'
être
Verb meaning 'to be'
révolutionnaire
Adjective or noun meaning 'revolutionary'
ni
Conjunction meaning 'nor' or 'neither'
tempérament
Noun meaning 'temperament' or 'disposition'
conviction
Noun meaning 'conviction' or 'strong belief'
faisait
Imperfect of 'faire,' meaning 'was doing' or 'made'
partie
Noun meaning 'part,' 'portion,' or 'member'
petit
Adjective meaning 'small' or 'little'
groupe
Noun meaning 'group'
jeunes
Adjective/noun meaning 'young' or 'young people'
qui
Relative pronoun meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that'
réunissaient
Imperfect of 'réunir,' meaning 'gathered' or 'met together'
pour
Preposition meaning 'for' or 'in order to'
lire
Verb meaning 'to read'
Il
Third-person singular pronoun meaning 'he' or 'it'
accusé
Past participle of 'accuser,' meaning 'accused' or 'charged'
avoir
Verb meaning 'to have'
pris
Past participle of 'prendre,' meaning 'taken'
part
Noun meaning 'part,' 'share,' or 'role'
conversations
Plural noun meaning 'conversations' or 'discussions'
contre
Preposition meaning 'against'
censure
Noun meaning 'censorship' or 'censure'
lu
Past participle of 'lire,' meaning 'read'
lettre
Noun meaning 'letter' (written correspondence)
eu
Past participle of 'avoir,' meaning 'had'
connaissance
Noun meaning 'knowledge,' 'acquaintance,' or 'awareness'
intention
Noun meaning 'intention' or 'purpose'
créer
Verb meaning 'to create' or 'to establish'
imprimerie
Noun meaning 'printing press' or 'printing house'
Sous
Preposition meaning 'under' or 'during the reign of'
ce
Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this,' 'that,' or 'it'
sévère
Adjective meaning 'severe,' 'strict,' or 'harsh'
juste
Adjective meaning 'just,' 'fair,' or 'right'
comme
Conjunction or adverb meaning 'as,' 'like,' or 'how'
appelle
Third-person singular of 'appeler,' meaning 'calls'
cela
Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' or 'this'
suffisait
Imperfect of 'suffire,' meaning 'was sufficient' or 'sufficed'
condamné
Past participle of 'condamner,' meaning 'condemned' or 'sentenced'
mort
Noun meaning 'death'
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