Crime and Punishment — Page 9

Vocabulary

家具

kagu — Furniture; household furnishings and movable objects.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.

すべて

subete — All, everything, entirely without exception.

非常

hijō — Extremely, very; unusual or emergency situation.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or manner.

古く

furuku — Old, aged; adverbial form of old.

黄色い

kiiroi — Yellow-colored; describing something of yellow hue.

木製

mokusei — Made of wood; wooden construction or material.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

背もたれ

semotare — Backrest of a chair or sofa.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also indicates contrast.

大きく

ōkiku — Largely, greatly; adverbial form of big.

曲がった

magatta — Bent, curved, twisted in shape.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns.

ソファ

sofa — Sofa, couch; upholstered seating furniture.

前

mae — In front of; before in space or time.

楕円形

daenkei — Oval or elliptical shape.

テーブル

tēburu — Table; flat-surfaced furniture for placing items.

窓

mado — Window; opening in wall admitting light.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting items.

間

aida / ma — Between, among; space or interval between things.

鏡

kagami — Mirror; reflective surface used for viewing oneself.

取り付け

toritsuke — Attachment, installation; act of fixing something on.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

た

ta — Past tense verb ending suffix.

化粧台

keshōdai — Dressing table; vanity table with mirror for makeup.

壁沿い

kabezoi — Along the wall; positioned beside a wall.

椅子

isu — Chair; a seat for one person.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore, connecting sequential ideas.

額縁

gakubuchi — Picture frame; decorative border around artwork.

入っ

hait(te) — Entered, contained within; te-form of hairu.

二

ni — Two; the number two.

三枚

sanmai — Three flat sheets or pieces; counter for flat objects.

安物

yasumono — Cheap item, low-quality goods, inferior article.

版画

hanga — Print, woodblock print; printed artwork reproduction.

手

te — Hand; the human hand or handwork.

鳥

tori — Bird; any avian creature.

を

o — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

持っ

mot(te) — Held, carried; te-form of motsu, to hold.

ドイツ

Doitsu — Germany; the European country.

乙女

otome — Maiden, young girl; a virgin or young woman.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or living things.

描い

kai(ta) — Drew, painted; depicted in artwork.

もの

mono — Thing, object; something or nominalizing expression.

それ

sore — That; referring to something near the listener.

だけ

dake — Only, just, merely; limiting amount or extent.

だっ

dat(ta) — Was, were; past tense of the copula da.

隅

sumi — Corner, nook; an angle or recessed space.

小さな

chīsana — Small, little; attributive form describing small size.

イコン

ikon — Icon; religious image, typically Orthodox Christian.

灯り

akari — Light, lamp; a small illuminating flame or glow.

燃え

moe — Burning, blazing; stem of moeru, to burn.

て

te — Te-form conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases.

い

i — Auxiliary verb indicating ongoing state or action.

清潔

seiketsu — Clean, hygienic; free from dirt or contamination.

床

yuka — Floor; the ground surface inside a building.

ぴかぴか

pikapika — Sparkling, gleaming, shiny; describes brilliant reflective surface.

磨か

miga(ka) — Polished, scrubbed; from migaku, to polish or shine.

れ

re — Passive verb suffix indicating receiving an action.

おり

ori — Is, exists; humble or literary form of iru.

輝い

kagayai(te) — Shining, gleaming, radiant; from kagayaku, to shine.

仕事

shigoto — Work, job; occupation or task performed.

だ

da — Is, are; plain form copula asserting something.

な

na — Sentence-ending particle expressing emotion or reflection.

青年

seinen — Young man, youth; a young adult male.

思っ

omot(te) — Thought, felt; te-form of omou, to think.

部屋

heya — Room; an enclosed space within a building.

全体

zentai — Whole, entire; the totality of something.

ほこり

hokori — Dust; fine particles accumulating on surfaces.

ひとつ

hitotsu — One; a single item or piece.

見当たら

mitsukarana(i) — Not found, cannot be located or spotted.

なかっ

nakat(ta) — Was not; past negative auxiliary.

こんな

konna — This kind of, such as this; near the speaker.

さ

sa — Sentence-ending particle softening or asserting statement.

見られる

mirareru — Can be seen, is visible; passive potential of miru.

意地

iji — Stubbornness, disposition; willfulness or strong character.

悪い

warui — Bad, evil, wicked; negative quality or character.

老

rō — Old, aged; prefix referring to elderly person.

未亡人

miboujin — Widow; a woman whose husband has died.

家

ie / uchi — House, home; a dwelling or household.

再び

futatabi — Again, once more; a second time.

思い

omoi — Thought, feeling; emotion or mental impression.

彼

kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun.

老婆

rōba — Old woman; an elderly female person.

ベッド

beddo — Bed; furniture for sleeping or resting.

整理

seiri — Organization, tidying up; putting things in order.

ダンス

dansu — Dance; rhythmic movement to music. (here likely タンス, wardrobe)

置か

oka(re) — Placed, put; passive stem of oku, to place.

別

betsu — Separate, different, another; distinct from current.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward somewhere.

続く

tsuzuku — To continue, lead into; to follow in sequence.

ドア

doa — Door; an entryway panel for rooms.

上

ue — Above, top, upper; indicating higher position.

木綿

momen — Cotton; soft natural textile fiber or fabric.

カーテン

kāten — Curtain; fabric panel hung to cover windows.

好奇

kōki — Curiosity; inquisitive interest in something unknown.

目

me — Eye; the organ of sight.

そっと

sotto — Quietly, softly, gently; without making disturbance.

盗み見

nusumimi — Peeking, peeping; looking secretly at something.

その

sono — That (near listener); demonstrative modifier.

これ

kore — This; referring to something near the speaker.

まで

made — Until, up to; extent of time or space.

一度

ichido — Once, one time; a single occasion.

も

mo — Also, even, too; inclusive or emphatic particle.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, matter; nominalizer for events or actions.

この

kono — This; demonstrative modifier for nearby noun.

二つ

futatsu — Two things; the number two for general objects.

構成

kōsei — Composition, structure; how something is made up.

し

shi — And, doing; conjunctive form of suru or listing particle.

何

nani / nan — What; interrogative pronoun asking about something.

用

yō — Business, use, errand; purpose or need for something.

です

desu — Is, are; polite copula affirming or stating something.

か

ka — Question particle; turns sentence into a question.

厳しく

kibishiku — Strictly, severely; adverbial form of kibishii.

言い

ii — Said, spoke; stem of iu, to say.

き

ki — Came; classical past tense of kuru, to come.

以前

izen — Before, previously; earlier than a reference point.

同じ

onaji — Same, identical; not different from another.

よう

yō — Like, as if, seems; expressing resemblance or manner.

正面

shōmen — Front, directly facing; the front side of something.

立ち

tachi — Standing; stem of tatsu, to stand up.

顔

kao — Face; the front of a person's head.

まっすぐ

massugu — Straight, directly; without turning or bending.

見つめ

mitsume — Stared at, gazed; stem of mitsumeru, to stare.

質

shichi / shitsu — Pawn, quality; pledged item or degree of excellence.

入れる

ireru — To put in, insert; to place something inside.

まし

mashi — Polite verb auxiliary; part of -mashita ending.

言っ

it(te) — Said, told; te-form of iu, to say.

ポケット

poketto — Pocket; small bag sewn into clothing.

から

kara — From, because; indicating origin, cause, or starting point.

古風

kofū — Old-fashioned, antique style; traditional or dated design.

平たい

hiratai — Flat, level; having a thin and even surface.

銀

gin — Silver; the precious metal or silver color.

時計

tokei — Clock, watch; timekeeping instrument.

取り出し

toridashi — Took out, retrieved; stem of toridasu, to take out.

裏面

uramen — Reverse side, back face; the underside of something.

地球儀

chikyūgi — Globe; a spherical model of the Earth.

刻ま

kizama(re) — Engraved, carved; from kizamu, to engrave or carve.

鎖

kusari — Chain; linked metal rings or a restraining chain.

鋼鉄製

kōtetsusei — Made of steel; constructed from steel material.

しかし

shikashi — However, but; conjunction indicating contrast or exception.

前回

zenkai — Last time, previous occasion; the time before this.

質草

shichigusa — Pawned item; an object pledged as collateral.

期限

kigen — Deadline, time limit; expiration of a set period.

切れ

kire — Expired, cut off; stem of kireru, to expire or run out.

ます

masu — Polite verb ending for present or future tense.

よ

yo — Sentence-ending particle asserting information to listener.

一

ichi — One; the number one.

か月

kagetsu — Month(s); counter for counting months of time.

おとといで

ototoi de — As of the day before yesterday; two days ago.