Crime and Punishment — Page 8

Vocabulary

青年

seinen — Young man; youth in their late teens or twenties.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.

かなり

kanari — Considerably; fairly; quite a lot.

奇妙

kimyō — Strange; peculiar; odd in an unusual way.

な

na — Adjectival linking particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

表情

hyōjō — Facial expression; look on one's face.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; also means girlfriend in modern usage.

を

wo — Direct object marker particle in Japanese grammar.

見て

mite — Looking at; watching (te-form of miru).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb indicating completed action.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, location, or purpose.

違い

chigai — Difference; certainty when used in 'ni chigai nai'.

ない

nai — Negative form; also used in expressions of certainty.

という

to iu — Called; known as; the fact that; quotation marker.

の

no — Possessive particle; also nominalizes verbs and adjectives.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive additive particle.

不信

fushin — Distrust; suspicion; lack of faith or confidence.

色

iro — Color; here metaphorically meaning a look or hint.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also used for emphasis.

再び

futatabi — Again; once more; a second time.

目

me — Eye; eyes; gaze; vision.

浮かん

ukан — Float up; appear; surface (conjunctive form of ukabu).

だ

da — Copula; informal form of desu meaning 'is' or 'are'.

から

kara — Because; since; from; indicating reason or origin.

学生

gakusei — Student; person currently enrolled in school.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is,' 'am,' or 'are'.

一

ichi — One; the number one.

ヶ月

kagetsu — Month(s); counter for counting months.

前

mae — Before; in front of; ago in time.

ここ

koko — Here; this place; current location.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning toward or to a place.

参り

mairi — Humble form of 'to come' or 'to go' (mairu).

と

to — Quotation particle; also means 'and' or 'with'.

もっと

motto — More; even more; to a greater degree.

丁寧

teinei — Polite; courteous; careful and respectful in manner.

べき

beki — Should; ought to; expressing obligation or expectation.

思い出し

omoidashi — Remembering; recalling (conjunctive form of omoidasu).

会釈

eshaku — Slight bow; polite nod as a greeting or acknowledgment.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; also lists multiple reasons.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously performing two actions.

急い

isoide — Hurrying; rushing (conjunctive form of isogu).

口ごもる

kuchigomoru — To mumble; to speak indistinctly or hesitantly.

よう

yō — Appearing as if; seeming like; expressing resemblance.

言っ

itte — Said; spoke (te-form of iu).

覚え

oboe — Memory; recollection; remembrance of something.

て

te — Te-form conjunction connecting sequential or simultaneous actions.

おり

ori — Humble continuous auxiliary; polite form of iru.

ます

masu — Polite present/future tense verb ending.

よ

yo — Sentence-ending particle asserting information to listener.

お客様

okyakusama — Honorable guest; valued customer; respectful address form.

あなた

anata — You; second-person pronoun in Japanese.

いらし

irashi — Honorific form of coming or being present (irassharu).

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizer for verb phrases.

よく

yoku — Well; often; frequently; skillfully.

老婆

rōba — Old woman; elderly female; sometimes used for crone.

依然

izen — Still; as before; unchanged from previous state.

探る

saguru — To probe; to search; to scrutinize carefully.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person male pronoun.

顔

kao — Face; facial appearance; countenance.

向け

muke — Directed toward; turning to face something.

まま

mama — As is; remaining in the same state or condition.

はっきり

hakkiri — Clearly; distinctly; without ambiguity.

それ

sore — That; that thing; referring to something nearby listener.

また

mata — Again; also; once more; in addition.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; unchanged from before.

用件

yōken — Business matter; errand; purpose of one's visit.

不信感

fushinkан — Feeling of distrust; sense of suspicion toward someone.

少々

shōshō — A little; slightly; a small amount (formal register).

戸惑い

tomadoi — Bewilderment; confusion; feeling at a loss.

驚き

odoroki — Surprise; astonishment; a feeling of being startled.

続け

tsuzuke — Continuing; kept on doing (conjunctive form of tsuzukeru).

もっとも

mottomo — However; that said; most reasonable; though admittedly.

いつも

itsumo — Always; usually; habitually; all the time.

こう

kō — Like this; in this way; thus.

か

ka — Question marker particle; or; expressing uncertainty.

しれ

shire — Might be; possibly (part of 'kamoshirenai' construction).

ただ

tada — Just; merely; simply; only; however.

前回

zenkai — Last time; the previous occasion or instance.

気

ki — Spirit; feeling; mood; awareness; notice.

なかっ

nakatt- — Did not (past negative auxiliary form before ta).

だけ

dake — Only; just; merely; limiting to a single amount.

不安

fuan — Anxiety; unease; worry; feeling of insecurity.

気持ち

kimochi — Feeling; emotion; mood; how one feels inside.

思っ

omotte — Thinking; feeling (te-form of omou).

ためらう

tamerau — To hesitate; to waver; to be reluctant to act.

間

ma — Pause; interval; space; moment between actions.

置い

oite — Placed; put down (te-form of oku).

脇

waki — Side; flank; beside; off to the side.

寄り

yori — Moving closer; stepping aside (conjunctive of yoru).

部屋

heya — Room; a room inside a building.

ドア

doa — Door (loanword from English).

指し示し

sashishimeshi — Pointing out; indicating; gesturing toward something.

客

kyaku — Guest; visitor; customer; patron.

先

saki — Ahead; first; in front; indicating precedence.

通し

tōshi — Letting through; guiding someone inside a place.

どうぞ

dōzo — Please go ahead; here you are (polite invitation).

お入り

ohairi — Please come in (honorific imperative form of hairu).

ください

kudasai — Please; requesting politely that something be done.

入っ

haitte — Entered; went inside (te-form of hairu).

小部屋

kobeya — Small room; tiny chamber or compartment.

壁

kabe — Wall; partition inside or outside a building.

黄色い

kiiroi — Yellow; having a yellow color.

壁紙

kabegami — Wallpaper; decorative paper covering a wall.

貼ら

hara — Pasted; affixed (passive stem of haru).

れ

re — Passive auxiliary indicating action done to subject.

窓

mado — Window; opening in a wall letting in light.

カーテン

kāten — Curtain; window drape (loanword from English).

あり

ari — There was/were; existing (conjunctive form of aru).

その

sono — That; that particular (referring to something near listener).

時

toki — Time; moment; when something occurs.

ちょうど

chōdo — Exactly; just; precisely at that moment.

夕日

yūhi — Evening sun; setting sun; sunset light.

明るく

akaruku — Brightly; in a bright manner (adverbial form).

照らさ

terasa — Illuminated; shone upon (passive stem of terasu).

では

dewa — Well then; in that case; transition expression.

あの

ano — That (over there); referring to something distant.

この

kono — This; referring to something close to the speaker.

太陽

taiyō — The sun; solar body at center of solar system.

輝く

kagayaku — To shine; to gleam; to radiate brilliance.

だろう

darō — Probably; I wonder; expressing conjecture or speculation.

考え

kangae — Thought; idea; notion that comes to mind.

偶然

gūzen — By chance; coincidentally; accidentally; by coincidence.

脳裏

nōri — In one's mind; in the back of one's thoughts.

よぎっ

yogitte — Flashed across; crossed (mind) fleetingly (te-form of yogiru).

そし

soshi — And then; thereupon (abbreviated form of soshite).

素早い

subayai — Quick; swift; agile; moving with rapid speed.

視線

shisen — Gaze; line of sight; one's look or glance.

中

naka — Inside; within; middle; among.

くまなく

kumanaku — Thoroughly; all over; without missing any corner.

見渡し

miwatashi — Surveying; looking around the whole area carefully.

できる

dekiru — Can do; able to; possible; to come into being.

限り

kagiri — As much as possible; to the extent that; limit.

配置

haichi — Arrangement; placement; layout of objects in space.

気づき

kizuki — Noticing; becoming aware of something (form of kizuku).

覚えよう

oboeyō — Let's memorize; intending to remember something (volitional).

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless; contrasting conjunction.

特に

tokuni — Especially; particularly; in particular.

変わっ

kawatte — Changed; different; unusual (te-form of kawaru).

もの

mono — Thing; object; something tangible or abstract.

何

nani — What; anything; used in negative contexts for 'nothing'.