Crime and Punishment — Page 7

Vocabulary

ベル

beru — Bell; a device that rings or chimes

は

wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar

銅

dō — Copper; a reddish-brown metallic element

では

de wa — Contrastive topic marker; 'as for; in that case'

なく

naku — Not; negative conjunctive form of 'nai'

ブリキ

buriki — Tin; thin sheet metal used for cheap items

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or method

作ら

tsukura — Made; stem form of 'tsukuru' (to make)

れて

rete — Passive/continuous auxiliary verb ending form

いる

iru — To exist; indicates ongoing state or action

か

ka — Question particle; also indicates uncertainty

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese

よう

yō — Appearing like; seeming as if; resemblance

に

ni — Directional or purpose particle; at, to, for

かすか

kasuka — Faint; slight; barely perceptible sound or light

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjective to noun

音

oto — Sound; noise produced by vibration or action

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object

立て

tate — To make a sound; produce or raise noise

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action

その

sono — That; demonstrative referring to nearby thing

家

ie / ka — House; home; dwelling place or residence

小さな

chīsana — Small; little; tiny in size or scale

アパート

apāto — Apartment; a residential unit in a building

いつも

itsumo — Always; usually; all the time habitually

鳴る

naru — To ring; to sound; to make a noise

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also contrastive conjunction

ある

aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate objects)

彼

kare — He; him; referring to a male person

忘れ

wasure — Forget; stem form of 'wasureru' (to forget)

て

te — Connective particle linking sequential verb actions

い

i — Shortened form of 'iru'; ongoing state marker

今

ima — Now; at this moment; currently in time

独特

dokutoku — Unique; distinctive; peculiar to one thing only

鳴り声

narigoe — Ring; the sound something makes when ringing

何か

nanika — Something; some unspecified thing or matter

思い出さ

omoidasa — Recall; stem of 'omoidasu' (to remember something)

せ

se — Causative verb stem; make or let someone do

それ

sore — That; refers to something previously mentioned

はっきり

hakkiri — Clearly; distinctly; with no ambiguity whatsoever

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker

目

me — Eye; the organ of sight; vision

前

mae — Front; before; in front of something

浮かび上がら

ukabiaagara — Rise up; emerge into view; float to surface

せる

seru — Causative auxiliary; cause or make someone act

思わ

omowa — Think; stem of 'omou' in passive/causative form

れ

re — Passive or spontaneous auxiliary verb suffix

びくっと

bikutto — With a start; to flinch suddenly in surprise

した

shita — Did; past tense of 'suru' (to do)

もはや

mohaya — No longer; already; at this point in time

神経

shinkei — Nerves; the nervous system; one's nerves mentally

ひどく

hidoku — Terribly; severely; to a harsh extreme degree

張り詰め

harizume — Tense; strung tight; nerves stretched to limit

しばらく

shibaraku — For a while; a short period of time

する

suru — To do; general-purpose verb for various actions

ドア

doa — Door; an entrance panel that opens and closes

ほんの

hon no — Just; only; merely a small amount

わずか

wazuka — Slight; a little; only a small amount

開い

hiraita / aita — Opened; past stem of 'hiraku/aku' (to open)

老婆

rōba — Old woman; elderly female person

隙間

sukima — Gap; crack; narrow space between two objects

から

kara — From; because; through; indicating origin or reason

明らか

akiraka — Clear; obvious; evident beyond any doubt

不信感

fushinkан — Distrust; feeling of suspicion toward someone

もって

motte — Having; with; using; holding something

訪問者

hōmonsha — Visitor; someone who has come to call

見つめ

mitsume — Stare; gaze intently at someone or something

暗闇

kurayami — Darkness; complete absence of light; pitch black

中

naka — Inside; middle; within something or somewhere

ぎらぎら

giragira — Glaring; dazzling; gleaming harshly or intensely

光る

hikaru — To shine; to glitter; to gleam with light

しか

shika — Only; nothing but; used with negative verb

見え

mie — Can be seen; visible; stem of 'mieru'

なかっ

nakatta — Was not; past negative form of 'nai'

しかし

shikashi — However; but; indicating a contrast or reversal

踊り場

odoriba — Landing; flat area on a staircase between floors

何人か

nanninka — Several people; some number of persons

人

hito / nin — Person; people; human being

見

mi — See; look; stem of 'miru' (to see)

彼女

kanojo — She; her; referring to a female person

大胆

daitan — Bold; daring; courageous without hesitation

なり

nari — Become; stem of 'naru'; connective verb form

大きく

ōkiku — Widely; largely; to a great degree or extent

開け

ake — Open; stem of 'akeru' (to open something)

青年

seinen — Young man; youth; male in early adulthood

台所

daidokoro — Kitchen; the room where food is prepared

仕切ら

shikira — Partition; divided off; separated by a partition

暗い

kurai — Dark; gloomy; lacking in light or brightness

玄関

genkan — Entryway; entrance hall of a Japanese home

足

ashi — Foot; leg; a limb used for walking

踏み入れ

fumire — Step into; enter by placing one's foot inside

黙っ

damatte / dakutte — Silent; quietly; without speaking a word

向き合い

mukiai — Face each other; confront one another directly

問いかける

toikakeru — To question; to address someone with a query

六十歳

rokujussai — Sixty years old; the age of sixty

小柄

kogara — Small build; petite; of short stature physically

しなびた

shinabita — Withered; shriveled; dried up like old skin

鋭く

surudoku — Sharply; keenly; with a piercing quality

意地悪

ijiwaru — Spiteful; mean-spirited; nasty toward others

尖っ

togatte — Pointed; sharp; tapered to a fine point

鼻

hana — Nose; the facial organ for smelling and breathing

し

shi — And; listing connector between clauses or traits

色あせ

iroase — Faded; discolored; having lost original bright color

やや

yaya — Somewhat; slightly; a little bit of something

白髪まじり

shiragamajiri — Mixed with gray or white hair; partly gray

髪

kami — Hair; the hair on a person's head

油

abura — Oil; fat; grease applied to hair or surface

たっぷり

tappuri — Plenty; amply; a generous or full amount

塗ら

nura — Apply; spread; smear; stem of 'nuru' (to coat)

おり

ori — Being; humble continuous form of 'iru'

上

ue — Above; top; upper part of something

何

nani — What; nothing in particular; used in compounds

も

mo — Also; even; not even; emphatic additive particle

かぶっ

kabute — Wearing on head; stem of 'kaburu' (to put on)

鶏

niwatori — Chicken; a common domestic fowl bird

脚

ashi / kyaku — Leg; the limb of an animal or furniture

細く

hosoku — Thinly; slenderly; in a narrow or slim way

長い

nagai — Long; extended in length or duration of time

首

kubi — Neck; the part connecting head to body

フランネル

furaneru — Flannel; soft woven woolen or cotton fabric

ぼろ切れ

borokire — Rag; tattered piece of old worn-out cloth

結ば

musuba — Tie; bind; stem of 'musubu' (to tie)

暑さ

atsusa — Heat; hotness; the quality of being hot

かかわら

kakarawa — Despite; regardless; stem of 'kakawarazu'

ず

zu — Without doing; negative connective suffix form

年月

toshitsuki — Years and months; passage of time; long years

黄ばん

kibande — Yellowed; having turned yellow with age or wear

だ

da — Copula; plain form of 'desu'; means 'is/are'

毛並み

kenami — Fur texture; coat quality; grain of fur

荒れ

are — Rough; deteriorated; ravaged in texture or condition

毛皮

kegawa — Fur; animal skin with fur attached; pelt

ケープ

kēpu — Cape; a sleeveless outer garment worn on shoulders

肩

kata — Shoulder; the joint connecting arm to torso

だらり

darari — Limply; droopily; hanging loosely without support

かかっ

kakatte — Hanging on; draped over; stem of 'kakaru'

しょっちゅう

shottchuu — Frequently; all the time; constantly happening

咳

seki — Cough; the act of coughing; a coughing fit

うめき声

umekigoe — Groan; moan; a low sound of pain or distress

上げ

age — Raise; let out; produce a sound or action