Frankenstein; or, the modern prometheus — Page 1

Vocabulary

あるいは

arui wa — Or; alternatively; otherwise.

現代

gendai — Modern times; the contemporary era.

の

no — Possessive or descriptive particle linking nouns.

著

cho — Written by; authored by a person.

目次

mokuji — Table of contents; list of chapters.

手紙

tegami — Letter; written correspondence sent to someone.

一

ichi — One; the number 1.

二

ni — Two; the number 2.

三

san — Three; the number 3.

四

shi / yon — Four; the number 4.

第

dai — Ordinal prefix meaning 'number' or 'the Nth'.

章

shō — Chapter; a section of a book.

五

go — Five; the number 5.

六

roku — Six; the number 6.

七

shichi / nana — Seven; the number 7.

八

hachi — Eight; the number 8.

九

ku / kyū — Nine; the number 9.

十

jū — Ten; the number 10.

十一

jūichi — Eleven; the number 11.

十二

jūni — Twelve; the number 12.

十三

jūsan — Thirteen; the number 13.

十四

jūshi / jūyon — Fourteen; the number 14.

十五

jūgo — Fifteen; the number 15.

十六

jūroku — Sixteen; the number 16.

十七

jūshichi / jūnana — Seventeen; the number 17.

十八

jūhachi — Eighteen; the number 18.

十九

jūku / jūkyū — Nineteen; the number 19.

二十

nijū — Twenty; the number 20.

二十一

nijūichi — Twenty-one; the number 21.

二十二

nijūni — Twenty-two; the number 22.

二十三

nijūsan — Twenty-three; the number 23.

二十四

nijūshi / nijūyon — Twenty-four; the number 24.

夫人

fujin — Madame; Mrs.; a respectful title for a woman.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'to' or 'toward'.

年

nen — Year; counter for years.

十二月

jūnigatsu — December; the twelfth month of the year.

十一日

jūichinichi — The eleventh day of the month.

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular pronoun.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.

それほど

sorehodo — To that extent; that much; so very.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.

不吉

fukitsu — Ominous; having a bad or unlucky omen.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

予感

yokan — Premonition; foreboding feeling about future events.

を

o — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

抱い

idai (抱く → idaku) — To hold; to harbor a feeling or thought.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.

い

i — Auxiliary verb stem indicating ongoing state.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending.

この

kono — This (modifies the noun that follows it).

事業

jigyō — Undertaking; enterprise; project; business venture.

出発

shuppatsu — Departure; setting out on a journey.

いかなる

ikanaru — Any kind of; whatever; no matter what.

災難

sainan — Disaster; calamity; misfortune; serious trouble.

も

mo — Particle meaning 'also', 'even', or 'either'.

伴わ

tomonawa (伴う → tomonau) — To accompany; to be accompanied by something.

なかっ

nakatta (negative past stem) — Did not; negative past tense auxiliary form.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

聞け

kike (聞く → kiku) — To hear; conditional stem of 'to hear/listen'.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting sentence subject.

喜ば

yorokoba (喜ぶ → yorokobu) — To be pleased; to rejoice; stem form.

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb ending.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.

でしょう

deshō — Probably; I suppose; polite conjecture ending.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

昨日

kinō — Yesterday; the day before today.

ここ

koko — Here; this place.

到着

tōchaku — Arrival; reaching a destination.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; also lists reasons.

まず

mazu — First of all; to begin with; firstly.

最初

saisho — The very first; the beginning; the start.

す

su (stem of する) — To do; verb stem of suru.

べき

beki — Should; ought to; expressing obligation or expectation.

愛する

aisuru — To love; to feel deep affection for someone.

妹

imōto — Younger sister.

無事

buji — Safe; without incident; in good health.

計画

keikaku — Plan; scheme; project; organized intention.

成功

seikō — Success; achieving a goal or objective.

高まる

takamaru — To rise; to increase; to grow stronger.

自信

jishin — Self-confidence; belief in one's own ability.

伝える

tsutaeru — To convey; to communicate; to pass on information.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is', 'am', or 'are'.

すでに

sudeni — Already; by now; previously.

はるか

haruka — Far; distant; much further away.

北

kita — North; the northern direction.

街

machi — Town; city; street; urban area.

歩く

aruku — To walk; to go on foot.

冷たい

tsumetai — Cold (to the touch); chilly; emotionally cold.

北風

kitakaze — North wind; cold wind blowing from the north.

頬

hoho / hō — Cheek; the side of the face.

触れる

fureru — To touch; to come into contact with something.

感じ

kanji — Feeling; sensation; impression; sense.

それ

sore — That; that thing (near the listener).

神経

shinkei — Nerve; nerves; nervous system.

引き締め

hikishime (引き締める → hikishimeru) — To tighten; to brace; to firm up.

喜び

yorokobi — Joy; delight; happiness; gladness.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

満たし

mitashi (満たす → mitasu) — To fill; to satisfy; to fulfill.

くれ

kure (くれる → kureru) — To give (to me/us); to do for me.

ます

masu — Polite verb ending for present or future tense.

感覚

kankaku — Sense; sensation; feeling; perception.

おわかり

owakari — Polite form of 'understand'; do you understand?

なり

nari — Become; a form of なる indicating transformation.

か

ka — Question particle placed at end of sentence.

向かい

mukai (向かう → mukau) — To face; to head toward; going in direction.

つつ

tsutsu — While doing; simultaneous action conjunctive particle.

ある

aru — To be; to exist (for inanimate objects/things).

地域

chiiki — Region; area; district; local zone.

から

kara — From; because; since; starting point particle.

吹い

fui (吹く → fuku) — To blow (wind); conjunctive form of fuku.

風

kaze — Wind; breeze; air current.

あの

ano — That (over there); referring to something distant.

氷

kōri — Ice; frozen water.

気候

kikō — Climate; weather conditions of a region.

予め

あらかじめ (arakajime) — In advance; beforehand; ahead of time.

味わわ

ajiwa wa (味わう → ajiwau) — To taste; to savor; to experience deeply.

せ

se (causative stem) — Causative form suffix making someone do something.

希望

kibō — Hope; wish; desire for a positive outcome.

鼓舞

kobu — To inspire; to encourage; to rouse someone's spirit.

さ

sa — Nominalizer suffix or softening sentence-final particle.

れ

re (passive/potential stem) — Passive or potential verb suffix form.

白昼夢

hakuchūmu — Daydream; a fantasy imagined while awake.

いっそう

issō — Even more; all the more; increasingly.

熱烈

netsuretsu — Ardent; passionate; fervent; intense enthusiasm.

鮮明

senmei — Vivid; clear; distinct; sharply defined.

極地

kyokuchi — Polar region; extreme geographical area near poles.

霜

shimo — Frost; frozen dew on cold surfaces.

荒涼

kōryō — Desolate; bleak; barren and lonely landscape.

地

chi / ji — Land; ground; earth; a place or region.

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own self; myself/yourself.

言い聞かせ

iikikase (言い聞かせる → iikikaseru) — To persuade; to tell oneself; to convince.

よう

yō — Seems like; in order to; let's (volitional).

無駄

muda — Useless; wasteful; in vain; pointless effort.

常

tsune — Always; usual; ordinary; constant state.

美

bi — Beauty; aesthetic appeal; beautiful quality.

想像

sōzō — Imagination; picturing something in one's mind.

中

naka / chū — Inside; middle; among; within something.

現れる

arawareru — To appear; to show up; to emerge suddenly.