Frankenstein; or, the modern prometheus — Page 3

Vocabulary

しかし

shikashi — Conjunction meaning 'however' or 'but'.

これら

korera — Pronoun meaning 'these things' or 'these'.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.

推測

suisoku — Guess, conjecture, or supposition.

が

ga — Subject marker particle.

すべて

subete — All, everything, or entirely.

誤り

ayamari — Error, mistake, or inaccuracy.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or copula form.

ある

aru — To exist or to be (inanimate).

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

仮定

katei — Assumption, hypothesis, or supposition.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru, meaning 'do'.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases.

も

mo — Particle meaning 'also', 'even', or 'too'.

あなた

anata — Second-person pronoun meaning 'you'.

は

wa — Topic marker particle.

私

watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I'.

全人類

zen jinrui — All of humanity or the entire human race.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or indirect object.

最後

saigo — The last, final, or the end.

世代

sedai — Generation, referring to a group born in same era.

至る

itaru — To reach, arrive at, or extend to.

まで

made — Particle meaning 'until', 'up to', or 'as far as'.

与える

ataeru — To give, grant, or bestow something to someone.

あろう

arou — Volitional form of aru, meaning 'there probably will be'.

計り知れない

hakari shirenai — Immeasurable, unfathomable, or beyond calculation.

恩恵

onkei — Benefit, blessing, or grace bestowed upon someone.

を

wo — Object marker particle.

否定

hitei — Denial, negation, or rejection of something.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

こと

koto — Nominalizer meaning 'thing', 'fact', or 'act'.

でき

deki — Stem of dekiru, meaning 'can' or 'be able'.

ませ

mase — Polite auxiliary verb stem used in formal speech.

ん

n — Negative ending meaning 'not' in polite speech.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is to say, namely, or in other words.

現在

genzai — The present time, currently, or nowadays.

到達

tōtatsu — To reach, attain, or arrive at a destination.

何

nan / nani — What; interrogative pronoun for things or amounts.

ヶ月

kagetsu — Counter for months (e.g., three months).

かかる

kakaru — To take (time or cost); to require effort.

それら

sorera — Those things; plural demonstrative pronoun.

国々

kuniguni — Countries, nations; plural form of country.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'toward' or 'to'.

極点

kyokuten — The pole (geographic); extreme or furthest point.

付近

fukin — Vicinity, neighborhood, or nearby area.

航路

kōro — Sea route, shipping lane, or navigation course.

発見

hakken — Discovery or finding something previously unknown.

よって

yotte — By means of, due to, or therefore.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or, alternatively, or perhaps.

磁石

jishaku — Magnet or compass needle.

秘密

himitsu — Secret, mystery, or confidential information.

解明

kaimei — Elucidation, clarification, or solving a mystery.

それ

sore — That; demonstrative pronoun for mid-distance things.

もし

moshi — If; conditional word introducing hypothetical clause.

可能

kanō — Possible, feasible, or capable.

すれ

sure — Conditional stem of suru meaning 'if done'.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

よう

yō — Appears like; indicates resemblance or intention.

な

na — Adjectival particle or soft prohibitive ending.

企て

kuwadате / kuwadате — Plan, scheme, or undertaking of an ambitious goal.

のみ

nomi — Only, solely, or exclusively.

成し遂げ

nashitoge — To accomplish, achieve, or complete a great task.

られる

rareru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb ending.

もの

mono — Thing, object, or nominalizer for abstract concepts.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is', 'am', or 'are'.

省察

shōsatsu — Introspection, reflection, or careful self-examination.

手紙

tegami — Letter; written correspondence sent to someone.

書き始め

kakihajime — Beginning to write; the start of writing something.

時

toki — Time, moment, or occasion.

動揺

dōyō — Agitation, disturbance, or emotional upset.

払い去り

haraisari — To sweep away, dispel, or drive off feelings.

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, or spirit.

天

ten — Sky, heaven, or the celestial realm.

昇る

noboru — To rise, ascend, or go up.

熱意

netsui — Enthusiasm, zeal, or passionate eagerness.

燃え

moe — Burning, blazing; stem of moeru meaning 'to burn'.

いる

iru — To be (animate); progressive auxiliary verb.

感じ

kanji — Feeling, sensation, or impression.

ます

masu — Polite present/future verb ending.

なぜなら

nazenara — Because, the reason being; causal conjunction.

確固たる

kakko taru — Firm, resolute, or steadfast in purpose.

目的

mokuteki — Purpose, goal, or objective.

魂

tamashii — Soul, spirit, or innermost essence of a person.

その

sono — That (attributive); demonstrative adjective.

知的

chiteki — Intellectual, cerebral, or relating to the intellect.

眼

me / gan — Eye; organ of sight or perspective.

向ける

mukeru — To direct, turn, or point toward something.

できる

dekiru — To be able to, can, or to be possible.

一点

itten — One point or a single spot to focus on.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; degree or approximate amount.

落ち着かせる

ochitsukaseru — To calm down, settle, or stabilize someone.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary meaning 'not' or 'does not exist'.

から

kara — Because; particle indicating reason or origin.

この

kono — This (attributive demonstrative adjective).

探検

tanken — Exploration or expedition into unknown territory.

若い

wakai — Young, youthful, or early in age.

頃

koro — Around that time; approximate period or age.

最も

mottomo — Most, the most, or the greatest degree.

大切

taisetsu — Important, precious, or highly valued.

夢

yume — Dream; either sleeping dream or cherished aspiration.

でし

deshi — Polite past copula stem (from deshita).

囲む

kakomu — To surround, encircle, or enclose something.

海

umi — Sea, ocean, or large body of water.

通っ

tōt(te) — Passing through; stem of tōru meaning 'to pass'.

北太平洋

Kita Taiheiyō — The North Pacific Ocean.

見込み

mikomi — Prospect, expectation, or likelihood of success.

もと

moto — Under, based on, or founded upon certain conditions.

行わ

okonawa — Passive/conjunctive stem of okonau, 'to carry out'.

れ

re — Passive verb suffix indicating action done to subject.

様々

samazama — Various, diverse, or all kinds of.

航海

kōkai — Voyage, sea voyage, or navigation.

記録

kiroku — Record, log, or documentation of events.

熱心

nesshin — Enthusiastic, diligent, or earnest in effort.

読み

yomi — Reading; stem of yomu meaning 'to read'.

まし

mashi — Polite past stem of masu used in verb endings.

なさ

nasa — Lack of, absence of; nominalizing negative adjective.

歴史

rekishi — History; the record of past events.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or living beings.

善き

yoki — Good, virtuous, or fine (literary/archaic form).

叔父

oji — Uncle; parent's younger brother.

蔵書

zōsho — Personal book collection or private library.

占め

shime — To occupy, fill, or take up a portion.

い

i — Stem of iru; being or existing (animate).

覚え

oboe — Memory, recollection, or learning by heart.

かも

kamo — Might, may; expresses uncertainty or possibility.

しれ

shire — Potential stem in shirenai meaning 'might be'.

教育

kyōiku — Education, upbringing, or formal schooling.

疎か

orosoka — Neglectful, negligent, or careless about something.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix turning adjectives into nouns.

でも

demo — Even so, but, or however; concessive conjunction.

読書

dokusho — Reading books; the activity of reading.

熱烈

netsuretsu — Passionate, fervent, or intensely enthusiastic.

好ん

kokon (kononde) — To like, be fond of, or enjoy willingly.

本

hon — Book; a bound publication for reading.

昼夜

chūya — Day and night; around the clock.

問わず

towazu — Regardless of, without distinction, or no matter.

研究

kenkyū — Research, study, or academic investigation.

対象

taishō — Subject, target, or object of study.

あり

ari — Conjunctive form of aru meaning 'there is/are'.

親しみ

shitashimi — Familiarity, affection, or friendly closeness.

子供

kodomo — Child or children.

父

chichi — Father; one's own father.

臨終

rinjū — Deathbed, dying moment, or last moments of life.

言葉

kotoba — Words, language, or expression.

航海者

kōkaisha — Seafarer, navigator, or mariner.

生活

seikatsu — Life, livelihood, or daily living.

旅立た

tabidata — To set off on a journey; departure stem.

せる

seru — Causative verb suffix meaning 'to make/let do'.

禁じ

kinji — To prohibit, forbid, or ban.

知っ

shit(te) — Knowing; conjunctive form of shiru, 'to know'.

悔恨

kaikon — Remorse, regret, or deep repentance.

いっそう

issō — Even more, all the more, or further.

深める

fukameru — To deepen, intensify, or make more profound.