Frankenstein; or, the modern prometheus — Page 10

Vocabulary

彼

kare — He; third-person masculine pronoun.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating subject of sentence.

すでに

sudeni — Already; by this time something has occurred.

自分

jibun — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the speaker.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

金

kane — Money; gold; financial resources.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or cause.

農場

nōjō — Farm; land used for agricultural purposes.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

買っ

katte — Bought; past conjunctive form of to buy.

て

te — Conjunctive particle linking sequential actions.

おり

ori — Humble or plain form of 'to be'; currently doing.

そこ

soko — There; that place previously mentioned.

余生

yosei — Remaining years of one's life; retirement years.

過ごす

sugosu — To spend time; to pass days in a place.

つもり

tsumori — Intention; plan to do something in future.

い

i — Stem of verb 'iru'; to exist or be present.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb indicating completed action.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; conjunction showing contrast.

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective modifying a noun.

全て

subete — All; everything; the entirety of something.

家畜

kachiku — Livestock; domesticated farm animals.

購入

kōnyū — Purchase; act of buying goods formally.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; in order to do.

賞金

shōkin — Prize money; reward money for winning.

残り

nokori — Remainder; what is left over after use.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting elements.

とも

tomo — Together with; along with another person.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or recipient.

ライバル

raibaru — Rival; competitor; one who competes against another.

男

otoko — Man; male person.

与え

atae — Gave; conjunctive form of to give or grant.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting sequential events.

自ら

mizukara — By oneself; personally; of one's own accord.

若い

wakai — Young; youthful in age or appearance.

女性

josei — Woman; female person; womanhood.

父親

chichioya — Father; male parent of a child.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; girlfriend.

恋人

koibito — Lover; romantic partner; sweetheart.

結婚

kekkon — Marriage; the act of getting married.

認める

mitomeru — To approve; to acknowledge; to permit something.

よう

yō — So that; in order that; manner or appearance.

懇願

kongan — Earnest request; pleading; to implore someone.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; and; doing.

老人

rōjin — Old person; elderly man or woman.

名誉

meiyo — Honor; prestige; one's good reputation.

上

ue — Above; on top; in terms of something.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

友人

yūjin — Friend; a person one has friendly relations with.

義理

giri — Duty; moral obligation; social debt to others.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle; but; however.

ある

aru — To exist; there is; to have something.

考え

kangae — Thought; idea; opinion; way of thinking.

きっぱり

kippari — Clearly; flatly; decisively refusing something.

断っ

kotowatte — Refused; declined; conjunctive form of to refuse.

頑として

gantoshite — Stubbornly; firmly refusing to change one's mind.

聞き入れ

kikiire — To accept; to comply with a request or plea.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; not; does not exist.

わかる

wakaru — To understand; to know; to be clear.

故国

kokoku — Homeland; one's native country or birthplace.

去り

sari — Leaving; departing; conjunctive form of to leave.

かつて

katsute — Once; formerly; in the past.

想い人

omoibito — Person one loves; object of romantic affection.

望み通り

nozomidōri — As desired; according to one's wishes.

相手

aite — Partner; the other party; counterpart.

聞く

kiku — To hear; to listen; to ask a question.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as a point.

戻ら

modora — Not return; negative stem of to return.

なかっ

nakatte — Was not; negative past conjunctive auxiliary.

なんと

nanto — How; what; exclamation of surprise or admiration.

高潔

kōketsu — Noble; upright; having high moral integrity.

な

na — Adjectival copula linking na-adjective to noun.

人物

jinbutsu — Person; character; individual of notable quality.

だ

da — Is; plain-form copula asserting a state.

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular polite pronoun.

叫ぶ

sakebu — To shout; to cry out; to exclaim loudly.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verb into noun.

だろう

darō — Probably; expressing conjecture or supposition.

確か

tashika — Certainly; surely; it is true that.

そう

sō — So; that way; indicating agreement or likelihood.

まったく

mattaku — Completely; utterly; not at all (with negative).

教育

kyōiku — Education; schooling; upbringing and instruction.

受け

uke — Receiving; conjunctive form of to receive.

おらず

orazu — Not having; negative conjunctive of 'oru/iru'.

トルコ人

torukojin — Turkish person; citizen or native of Turkey.

無口

mukuchi — Taciturn; quiet; not talkative by nature.

ある種

arushu — A certain kind; a type of something.

無知

muchi — Ignorance; lack of knowledge or learning.

から

kara — From; because; since; indicating origin or cause.

来る

kuru — To come; to arrive; to stem from.

無頓着

mutonchaku — Indifference; unconcerned attitude toward things.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix; adds noun quality to adjective.

身

mi — Body; one's self; one's person or situation.

まとっ

matotte — Wearing; wrapped in; conjunctive form of matou.

いる

iru — To be; to exist; ongoing action auxiliary.

それ

sore — That; that thing; previously mentioned item.

行動

kōdō — Action; behavior; conduct; deed performed.

いっそう

issō — Even more; all the more; further still.

驚く

odoroku — To be surprised; to be astonished by something.

べき

beki — Should; ought to; expressing moral obligation.

もの

mono — Thing; object; something with substance or quality.

ながら

nagara — While; although; doing two things simultaneously.

も

mo — Also; too; even; particle of inclusion.

本来

honrai — Originally; by nature; fundamentally; inherently.

あれ

are — That; that thing over there; conditional form.

ば

ba — If; conditional particle expressing hypothetical.

人々

hitobito — People; many individuals; people in general.

抱く

idaku — To hold; to embrace; to harbor feelings.

あろう

arō — There would be; volitional form expressing supposition.

関心

kanshin — Interest; concern; attention toward something.

や

ya — And; or; particle listing multiple items loosely.

共感

kyōkan — Empathy; sympathy; shared emotional understanding.

損なっ

sokonatte — Damaged; harmed; conjunctive form of to impair.

少し

sukoshi — A little; a small amount; slightly.

不満

fuman — Dissatisfaction; discontent; complaint about something.

漏らし

morashi — Let out; expressed; conjunctive form of to let slip.

いっ

itte — Said; went; conjunctive past form of iu/iku.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; perhaps; on the other hand.

決して

kesshite — Never; by no means; used with negative verbs.

得

e — To obtain; to gain; can; able to do.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

かも

kamo — Might; may; expressing uncertainty or possibility.

しれ

shire — Know; potential form used in 'kamo shirenai'.

苦労

kurō — Hardship; trouble; hard work and suffering.

へ

e — To; toward; directional particle indicating destination.

慰め

nagusame — Comfort; consolation; solace offered to someone.

思い描ける

omoiegakeru — Can imagine; able to picture something in mind.

決意

ketsui — Determination; firm resolve; strong decision made.

揺らい

yurai — Wavered; swayed; conjunctive of to waver or shake.

思わ

omowa — Think; negative stem of omou used with nai.

ほしい

hoshii — Want; desire; wishing for something to happen.

運命

unmei — Fate; destiny; one's predetermined future path.

ごとく

gotoku — Like; as if; in the manner of something.

固く

kataku — Firmly; solidly; adverb form of hard or firm.

定まっ

sadamatte — Settled; fixed; conjunctive form of to be determined.

航海

kōkai — Voyage; sea voyage; sailing journey across ocean.

遅れ

okure — Delay; lateness; being behind schedule.

ただ

tada — Only; merely; just; nothing but.

天候

tenkō — Weather conditions; state of atmospheric weather.

出港

shukkō — Departure from port; setting sail from harbor.

許す

yurusu — To permit; to allow; to forgive someone.

待っ

matte — Waited; waiting; conjunctive form of to wait.

過ぎ

sugi — Passing; going by; excessive; too much.

冬

fuyu — Winter; the coldest season of the year.

ひどく

hidoku — Terribly; severely; adverb form of terrible.

厳しかっ

kibishikatte — Was harsh; was severe; past conjunctive of strict.

春

haru — Spring; the season after winter, warm renewal.

好ましい

konomashii — Favorable; desirable; pleasing and welcome signs.

兆し

kizashi — Sign; omen; early indication of something coming.

見せ

mise — Showed; showing; conjunctive form of to show.

今年

kotoshi — This year; the current calendar year.

異例

irei — Exceptional; unusual; out of the ordinary case.

早い

hayai — Early; fast; quick in time or speed.

季節

kisetsu — Season; one of four annual climate periods.

見なさ

minasa — Regarded as; considered; stem of 'to regard as'.

れ

re — Passive auxiliary suffix attached to verb stem.

おそらく

osoraku — Probably; likely; expressing reasonable supposition.

思っ

omotte — Thought; thinking; conjunctive form of to think.

より

yori — Than; more than; comparative particle.

早く

hayaku — Earlier; sooner; adverb form of early or fast.

出航

shukkō — Setting sail; departing on a sea voyage.

できる

dekiru — Can do; to be able; possible to accomplish.