← History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1

History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 2

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Chapter IV: The Cruelty, Follies And Murder Of Commodus.—Part II.

Capitolo IV: La Crudeltà, Le Follie E L'Assassinio Di Commodo.—Parte II.

Chapter V: Sale Of The Empire To Didius Julianus.—Part I.

Capitolo V: Vendita Dell'Impero A Didio Giuliano.—Parte I.

Public Sale Of The Empire To Didius Julianus By The Prætorian Guards—Clodius Albinus In Britain, Pescennius Niger In Syria, And Septimius Severus In Pannonia, Declare Against The Murderers Of Pertinax—Civil Wars And Victory Of Severus Over His Three Rivals—Relaxation Of Discipline—New Maxims Of Government.

Vendita Pubblica Dell'Impero A Didio Giuliano Da Parte Delle Guardie Pretoriane—Clodio Albino In Britannia, Pescennio Nigro In Siria, E Settimio Severo In Pannonia, Si Dichiarano Contro Gli Assassini Di Pertinace—Guerre Civili E Vittoria Di Severo Sui Suoi Tre Rivali—Rilassamento Della Disciplina—Nuovi Princìpi Di Governo.

Chapter V: Sale Of The Empire To Didius Julianus.—Part II.

Capitolo V: Vendita Dell'Impero A Didio Giuliano.—Parte II.

Chapter VI: Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus.—Part I.

Capitolo VI: Morte Di Severo, Tirannia Di Caracalla, Usurpazione Di Marzino.—Parte I.

The Death Of Severus.—Tyranny Of Caracalla.—Usurpation Of Macrinus.—Follies Of Elagabalus.—Virtues Of Alexander Severus.—Licentiousness Of The Army.—General State Of The Roman Finances.

La Morte Di Severo.—Tirannia Di Caracalla.—Usurpazione Di Macrino.—Follie Di Elagabalo.—Virtù Di Alessandro Severo.—Licenziosità Dell'Esercito.—Stato Generale Delle Finanze Romane.

Chapter VI: Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus.—Part II.

Capitolo VI: Morte Di Severo, Tirannia Di Caracalla, Usurpazione Di Marzino.—Parte II.

Chapter VI: Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus.—Part III.

Capitolo VI: Morte Di Severo, Tirannia Di Caracalla, Usurpazione Di Marzino.—Parte III.

Chapter VI: Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus.—Part IV.

Capitolo VI: Morte Di Severo, Tirannia Di Caracalla, Usurpazione Di Marzino.—Parte IV.

Chapter VII: Tyranny Of Maximin, Rebellion, Civil Wars, Death Of Maximin.—Part I.

Capitolo VII: Tirannia Di Massimino, Ribellione, Guerre Civili, Morte Di Massimino.—Parte I.

The Elevation And Tyranny Of Maximin.—Rebellion In Africa And Italy, Under The Authority Of The Senate.—Civil Wars And Seditions.—Violent Deaths Of Maximin And His Son, Of Maximus And Balbinus, And Of The Three Gordians.— Usurpation And Secular Games Of Philip.

L'Ascesa E La Tirannia Di Massimino.—Ribellione In Africa E In Italia, Sotto L'Autorità Del Senato.—Guerre Civili E Sedizioni.—Morti Violente Di Massimino E Di Suo Figlio, Di Massimo E Balbino, E Dei Tre Gordiani.—Usurpazione E Giochi Secolari Di Filippo.

Chapter VII: Tyranny Of Maximin, Rebellion, Civil Wars, Death Of Maximin.—Part II.

Capitolo VII: Tirannia Di Massimino, Ribellione, Guerre Civili, Morte Di Massimino.—Parte II.

Chapter VII: Tyranny Of Maximin, Rebellion, Civil Wars, Death Of Maximin.—Part III.

Capitolo VII: Tirannia Di Massimino, Ribellione, Guerre Civili, Morte Di Massimino.—Parte III.

Chapter VIII: State Of Persia And Restoration Of The Monarchy.

Capitolo VIII: Stato Della Persia E Restaurazione Della Monarchia.

Vocabulary

Capitolo
kah-PEE-toh-loh — Chapter; a major division of a book
La
lah — The; feminine singular definite article
Crudeltà
kroo-del-TAH — Cruelty; extreme harshness or brutality
Le
leh — The; feminine plural definite article
Follie
fol-LEE-eh — Follies; acts of madness or foolishness
E
eh — And; basic coordinating conjunction
L'Assassinio
las-sas-SEE-nyoh — The assassination; a deliberate killing of someone
Di
dee — Of; preposition indicating possession or origin
Parte
PAR-teh — Part; a section or portion of something
Vendita
VEN-dee-tah — Sale; the act of selling something
Dell'Impero
del-leem-PEH-roh — Of the empire; referring to imperial dominion
A
ah — To; preposition indicating direction or recipient
I
ee — The; masculine plural definite article
Pubblica
POOB-blee-kah — Public; relating to the general population
Da
dah — By; preposition indicating agent or origin
Delle
DEL-leh — Of the; feminine plural contracted preposition
Guardie
GWAR-dyeh — Guards; soldiers assigned to protect someone
Pretoriane
preh-toh-RYAH-neh — Praetorian; relating to the elite Roman imperial guard
In
een — In; preposition indicating location or state
Siria
SEE-ryah — Syria; ancient Middle Eastern region and province
Si
see — Themselves; reflexive pronoun used with verbs
Dichiarano
dee-KYAH-rah-noh — They declare; to announce or proclaim something officially
Contro
KON-troh — Against; preposition indicating opposition
Gli
lyee — The; masculine plural definite article before vowels
Assassini
as-sas-SEE-nee — Assassins; those who commit murder deliberately
Guerre
GWER-reh — Wars; armed conflicts between groups or nations
Civili
chee-VEE-lee — Civil; relating to citizens or internal conflict
Vittoria
veet-TOH-ryah — Victory; success achieved in a battle or contest
Sui
swee — On his; masculine plural contracted preposition
Suoi
SWOH-ee — His; masculine plural possessive pronoun
Tre
treh — Three; the cardinal number three
Rivali
ree-VAH-lee — Rivals; competitors or opponents in a contest
Rilassamento
ree-las-sah-MEN-toh — Relaxation; loosening of discipline or standards
Della
DEL-lah — Of the; feminine singular contracted preposition
Disciplina
dee-shee-PLEE-nah — Discipline; control and order enforced in a group
Nuovi
NWOH-vee — New; masculine plural adjective meaning novel
Princìpi
PREEN-chee-pee — Principles; fundamental rules guiding conduct or government
Governo
goh-VER-noh — Government; the system ruling a state
Morte
MOR-teh — Death; the end of life
Tirannia
tee-ran-NEE-ah — Tyranny; cruel and oppressive rule by a ruler
Usurpazione
oo-zoor-pah-TSYOH-neh — Usurpation; seizing power without legal authority
Virtù
veer-TOO — Virtue; moral excellence and righteous conduct
Licenziosità
lee-chen-tsyoh-zee-TAH — Licentiousness; lack of moral restraint or discipline
Dell'Esercito
del-leh-ZER-chee-toh — Of the army; referring to the military forces
Stato
STAH-toh — State; condition or situation of something
Generale
jeh-neh-RAH-leh — General; overall or relating to the whole
Finanze
fee-NAN-tseh — Finances; management of money and resources
Romane
roh-MAH-neh — Roman; feminine plural adjective relating to Rome
Ribellione
ree-bel-LYOH-neh — Rebellion; open resistance against authority or government
L'Ascesa
lah-SHEH-zah — The rise; ascent to power or prominence
Africa
AH-free-kah — Africa; continent and Roman province in North Africa
Italia
ee-TAH-lyah — Italy; the Italian peninsula and nation
Sotto
SOT-toh — Under; preposition indicating subordination or position below
L'Autorità
low-toh-ree-TAH — The authority; power to command or govern others
Del
del — Of the; masculine singular contracted preposition
Senato
seh-NAH-toh — Senate; the governing legislative body of Rome
Sedizioni
seh-dee-TSYOH-nee — Seditions; acts of rebellion against established authority
Morti
MOR-tee — Deaths; plural of morte, endings of lives
Violente
vyoh-LEN-teh — Violent; involving force or extreme physical harm
Suo
SWOH — His or her; singular possessive pronoun
Figlio
FEE-lyoh — Son; a male offspring
Dei
DEH-ee — Of the; masculine plural contracted preposition
Giochi
JOH-kee — Games; public festivals involving contests and entertainment
Secolari
seh-koh-LAH-ree — Secular; relating to centuries or centennial celebrations
Persia
PER-syah — Persia; ancient empire east of Rome, modern Iran
Restaurazione
reh-stow-rah-TSYOH-neh — Restoration; the act of bringing something back
Monarchia
moh-nar-KEE-ah — Monarchy; a system of government ruled by a king
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