History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 10

Vocabulary

Entrambi

en-TRAM-bee — Both (of two people or things)

questi

KWES-tee — These (masculine plural demonstrative pronoun)

scrittori

skrit-TOH-ree — Writers, authors (masculine plural noun)

si

see — Reflexive pronoun: oneself, themselves, each other

attengono

at-TEN-go-no — They adhere to, stick to, follow strictly

quasi

KWAH-zee — Almost, nearly, practically

interamente

in-te-ra-MEN-te — Entirely, completely, wholly

all'

al — Contraction of 'a + lo/la': to the

ordine

OR-dee-ne — Order, sequence, arrangement

cronologico

kro-no-LO-jee-ko — Chronological, arranged in time sequence

la

la — The (feminine singular definite article)

conseguenza

kon-se-GWEN-tsa — Consequence, result, outcome

è

eh — Is (third person singular of 'essere')

che

ke — That, which, who (conjunction or pronoun)

siamo

SYAH-mo — We are (first person plural of 'essere')

chiamati

kya-MAH-tee — Called, summoned, required to do something

venti

VEN-tee — Twenty (cardinal number)

volte

VOL-te — Times, occasions, instances

a

ah — To, at, in (preposition)

interrompere

in-ter-ROM-pe-re — To interrupt, to break off, to stop

e

eh — And (conjunction)

riprendere

ri-PREN-de-re — To resume, to take up again

il

eel — The (masculine singular definite article)

filo

FEE-lo — Thread, strand; narrative thread, storyline

di

dee — Of, from (preposition)

sei

say — Six (cardinal number)

o

oh — Or (disjunctive conjunction)

otto

OT-to — Eight (cardinal number)

guerre

GWER-re — Wars, conflicts (feminine plural noun)

in

een — In, within (preposition)

diverse

dee-VER-se — Various, different, several

parti

PAR-tee — Parts, regions, sections

dell'

del — Contraction of 'di + lo/la': of the

impero

im-PE-ro — Empire (large dominion under one ruler)

sospendere

so-SPEN-de-re — To suspend, to halt, to put on hold

le

le — The (feminine plural definite article)

operazioni

o-pe-ra-TSYO-nee — Operations, military or organized activities

una

OO-na — A, an (feminine singular indefinite article)

spedizione

spe-di-TSYO-ne — Expedition, military campaign, mission

militare

mi-li-TAH-re — Military, relating to armed forces

per

pair — For, in order to (preposition/conjunction)

un'

oon — A, an (feminine singular indefinite article, elided)

intrigo

in-TREE-go — Intrigue, plot, scheming

corte

KOR-te — Court (royal or imperial court)

ad

ad — To, at (preposition used before vowels)

allontanarci

al-lon-ta-NAR-chee — To move ourselves away, to distance ourselves

fretta

FRET-ta — Haste, hurry, rush

da

dah — From, by, since (preposition)

un

oon — A, an (masculine singular indefinite article)

assedio

as-SE-dyo — Siege (military surrounding of a place)

recarci

re-KAR-chee — To go, to take ourselves (reflexive verb)

consiglio

kon-SEE-lyo — Council, counsel, advisory assembly

stessa

STES-sa — Same (feminine singular adjective)

pagina

PAH-jee-na — Page (of a book or document)

ci

chee — Us, to us, here, there (pronoun/adverb)

colloca

kol-LO-ka — Places, positions, situates (third person singular)

nel

nel — In the (masculine singular contraction)

mezzo

MED-zo — Middle, midst, center

campagna

kam-PA-nya — Campaign; also countryside, rural area

contro

KON-tro — Against, opposing (preposition)

i

ee — The (masculine plural definite article)

barbari

BAR-ba-ree — Barbarians, uncivilized peoples (historical term)

nelle

NEL-le — In the (feminine plural contraction)

profondità

pro-fon-dee-TAH — Depths, profundity; deep complexities

della

DEL-la — Of the (feminine singular contraction)

controversia

kon-tro-VER-sya — Controversy, dispute, theological debate

In

een — In, within (preposition)

non

non — Not (negation adverb)

sempre

SEM-pre — Always, ever (adverb of time)

facile

FAH-chee-le — Easy, simple, not difficult

tenere

te-NE-re — To keep, to hold, to maintain

mente

MEN-te — Mind, intellect; in mind, mentally

date

DAH-te — Dates (specific points in time)

esatte

e-ZAT-te — Exact, precise, accurate (feminine plural)

ma

mah — But, however (adversative conjunction)

corso

KOR-so — Course, flow, progression of events

degli

DE-lyee — Of the (masculine plural contraction)

eventi

e-VEN-tee — Events, happenings, occurrences

chiaro

KYA-ro — Clear, evident, easy to understand

distinto

dis-TIN-to — Distinct, clear, well-defined

come

KO-me — Like, as, how (conjunction/adverb)

generale

je-ne-RAH-le — General (military commander or adjective)

abile

AH-bee-le — Skilled, capable, able, talented

sebbene

seb-BE-ne — Although, even though (concessive conjunction)

sue

SOO-e — His, her, its (feminine plural possessive)

truppe

TRUP-pe — Troops, soldiers, military forces

avanzino

a-van-TSEE-no — They advance, they move forward (subjunctive)

dai

dye — From the (masculine plural contraction)

quartieri

kwar-TYE-ree — Quarters, districts, military encampments

più

pyoo — More, most (comparative/superlative adverb)

remoti

re-MO-tee — Remote, distant, far-off (masculine plural)

opposti

op-PO-stee — Opposite, contrary, facing (masculine plural)

esse

ES-se — They, them (feminine third person plural pronoun)

convergono

kon-VER-go-no — They converge, come together toward a point

costantemente

ko-stan-te-MEN-te — Constantly, steadily, without interruption

concentrano

kon-CHEN-tra-no — They concentrate, focus, gather at a point

su

soo — On, upon, over (preposition)

unico

OO-nee-ko — Single, unique, one and only

punto

POON-to — Point, spot, moment, dot

quello

KWEL-lo — That (masculine singular demonstrative pronoun)

ancora

an-KO-ra — Still, yet, again (adverb of time)

occupato

ok-ku-PAH-to — Occupied, held, taken (past participle)

dal

dal — By the, from the (masculine singular contraction)

nome

NO-me — Name (word identifying a person or place)

potere

po-TE-re — Power, authority; or: to be able to

declinante

de-klee-NAN-te — Declining, waning, diminishing in strength

Roma

RO-ma — Rome (capital city of Italy and ancient empire)

Che

ke — That, whether, as (conjunction introducing clause)

egli

EL-yee — He (formal/literary third person masculine pronoun)

tracci

TRAT-chee — He traces, outlines, follows a path (subjunctive)

progresso

pro-GRES-so — Progress, advance, forward movement

religioni

re-li-JO-nee — Religions, faiths, belief systems (plural)

ostili

os-TEE-lee — Hostile, antagonistic, unfriendly (plural)

conduca

kon-DOO-ka — He leads, guides, conducts (subjunctive)

dalle

DAL-le — From the (feminine plural contraction)

rive

REE-ve — Banks, shores, riverbanks (feminine plural)

del

del — Of the (masculine singular contraction)

confini

kon-FEE-nee — Borders, boundaries, frontiers

cinese

chee-NE-ze — Chinese, relating to China

successive

suk-CHES-see-ve — Successive, following one after another (feminine plural)

orde

OR-de — Hordes, large disorderly groups (feminine plural)

ondata

on-DAH-ta — Wave, surge (of people or events)

sia

SYA — Is, may be (third person subjunctive of 'essere')

appena

ap-PE-na — Barely, hardly, just, scarcely

abbattuta

ab-bat-TOO-ta — Knocked down, crashed, broken (feminine singular)

scaricata

ska-ree-KAH-ta — Discharged, unloaded, spent (feminine singular)

prima

PREE-ma — Before, first (adverb or adjective)

altra

AL-tra — Another, other (feminine singular adjective)

gonfi

GON-fee — Swells, rises (third person singular subjunctive)

avvicini

av-vee-CHEE-nee — Approaches, draws near (subjunctive form)

tutto

TOOT-to — Everything, all, the whole

fatto

FAT-to — Made, done; fact (past participle/noun)

scorrere

SKOR-re-re — To flow, to run, to stream

direzione

dee-re-TSYO-ne — Direction, course, heading

l'

l — The (elided masculine or feminine article)

impressione

im-pres-SYO-ne — Impression, effect, impact made on something

ciascuna

cha-SKOO-na — Each one, every one (feminine singular)

produce

pro-DOO-che — Produces, creates, generates (third person singular)

sull'

sul — On the (elided contraction of 'su + lo/la')

edificio

e-dee-FEE-cho — Building, structure, edifice

vacillante

va-chil-LAN-te — Wavering, tottering, unsteady, faltering

grandezza

gran-DET-sa — Greatness, grandeur, magnificence

romana

ro-MAH-na — Roman (feminine adjective referring to Rome)

collega

kol-LE-ga — Connects, links, relates (third person singular)

loro

LO-ro — Their, them, they (pronoun/possessive)

movimenti

mo-vee-MEN-tee — Movements, motions, shifts (masculine plural)

lontani

lon-TAH-nee — Distant, far away, remote (masculine plural)

misura

mee-ZOO-ra — Measure, extent, degree, proportion

relativa

re-la-TEE-va — Relative, comparative, proportional (feminine)

importanza

im-por-TAN-tsa — Importance, significance, relevance

attribuita

at-tree-BWEE-ta — Attributed, assigned, credited (feminine singular)

storia

STO-rya — History, story, account of events

panoramica

pa-no-RAH-mee-ka — Panoramic overview, broad sweeping narrative view