History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 12
He has undergone the triple scrutiny of theological zeal quickened by just resentment, of literary emulation, and of that mean and invidious vanity which delights in detecting errors in writers of established fame.
彼は、正当な憤りによって刺激された神学的熱意による吟味、文学的競争心による吟味、そして定評ある作家の誤りを見つけることに喜びを見出す卑劣で悪意ある虚栄心による吟味という、三重の検証を受けてきた。
On the result of the trial, we may be permitted to summon competent witnesses before we deliver our own judgment.
その審判の結果については、我々自身の判断を下す前に、適切な証人を召喚することが許されるであろう。
M. Guizot, in his preface, after stating that in France and Germany, as well as in England, in the most enlightened countries of Europe, Gibbon is constantly cited as an authority, thus proceeds:—
ギゾー氏は、その序文において、フランスやドイツ、そしてイングランドというヨーロッパ最も啓蒙された国々において、ギボンが常に権威として引用されていると述べた後、次のように続ける。
"I have had occasion, during my labors, to consult the writings of philosophers, who have treated on the finances of the Roman empire; of scholars, who have investigated the chronology; of theologians, who have searched the depths of ecclesiastical history; of writers on law, who have studied with care the Roman jurisprudence; of Orientalists, who have occupied themselves with the Arabians and the Koran; of modern historians, who have entered upon extensive researches touching the crusades and their influence; each of these writers has remarked and pointed out, in the 'History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,' some negligences, some false or imperfect views, some omissions, which it is impossible not to suppose voluntary; they have rectified some facts, combated with advantage some assertions; but in general they have taken the researches and the ideas of Gibbon, as points of departure, or as proofs of the researches or of the new opinions which they have advanced."
「私は研究の過程において、ローマ帝国の財政を論じた哲学者たちの著作、年代学を調査した学者たちの著作、教会史の深みを探求した神学者たちの著作、ローマ法学を丹念に研究した法律著述家たちの著作、アラビア人とコーランに従事した東洋学者たちの著作、十字軍とその影響に関する広範な研究に取り組んだ近代歴史家たちの著作を参照する機会を得た。これらの著述家たちはそれぞれ、『ローマ帝国衰亡史』において、いくつかの不注意、誤った、あるいは不完全な見解、そして意図的であると想定せざるを得ない省略を指摘してきた。彼らはいくつかの事実を訂正し、いくつかの主張に対して有利に反論してきた。しかし概して彼らは、ギボンの研究と考えを、出発点として、あるいは自らが提唱した研究や新たな見解の証拠として取り上げてきたのである。」
M.
ギゾー氏。
Vocabulary
- 彼
- kare — He; third-person masculine pronoun.
- は
- wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar.
- 正当
- seitō — Legitimate, just, rightful, proper.
- な
- na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.
- 憤り
- ikidōri — Indignation, anger, righteous fury.
- に
- ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or cause.
- よっ
- yot(te) — By means of; due to (contracted form of よって).
- て
- te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases.
- 刺激
- shigeki — Stimulus, stimulation, excitement, provocation.
- さ
- sa — Nominalizing or passive conjugation suffix.
- れ
- re — Passive or potential verb conjugation suffix.
- た
- ta — Past tense verb ending suffix.
- 神学
- shingaku — Theology, the study of religion and God.
- 的
- teki — Suffix meaning -ic, -al, or -like.
- 熱意
- netsui — Enthusiasm, zeal, fervent dedication.
- よる
- yoru — To be due to; to depend on something.
- 吟味
- ginmi — Careful examination, scrutiny, close investigation.
- 文学
- bungaku — Literature, literary arts and writings.
- 競争
- kyōsō — Competition, rivalry, contest between parties.
- 心
- kokoro — Heart, mind, spirit, inner feelings.
- そし
- soshi(te) — And then, furthermore (connective, contracted form).
- 定評
- teihyō — Established reputation, recognized high evaluation.
- ある
- aru — To exist; to have (for inanimate things).
- 作家
- sakka — Author, writer, literary or artistic creator.
- の
- no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.
- 誤り
- ayamari — Error, mistake, fault, inaccuracy.
- を
- wo — Object marker particle in Japanese sentences.
- 見つける
- mitsukeru — To find, discover, spot something.
- こと
- koto — Thing, matter, fact (nominalizer).
- 喜び
- yorokobi — Joy, delight, happiness, pleasure.
- 見出す
- midasu — To find out, discover, perceive something.
- 卑劣
- hiretsu — Mean, despicable, vile, cowardly behavior.
- で
- de — Particle indicating location, means, or cause.
- 悪意
- akui — Malice, ill will, bad intentions.
- 虚栄
- kyoei — Vanity, vainglory, empty pride.
- と
- to — And; with; quotation particle.
- いう
- iu — To say, call, be called something.
- 三重
- sanjū — Triple, threefold, three layers.
- 検証
- kenshō — Verification, examination, validation of facts.
- 受け
- uke — Receiving, undergoing (stem form of 受ける).
- その
- sono — That, those (demonstrative adjective).
- 審判
- shinpan — Judgment, trial, verdict, referee's decision.
- 結果
- kekka — Result, outcome, consequence of something.
- つい
- tsui — Inadvertently, unintentionally, just recently.
- 我々
- wareware — We, us (formal first-person plural pronoun).
- 自身
- jishin — Oneself, personally, one's own self.
- 判断
- handan — Judgment, decision, determination, assessment.
- 下す
- kudasu — To hand down a decision or judgment.
- 前
- mae — Before, in front of, prior to.
- 適切
- tekisetsu — Appropriate, suitable, proper, fitting.
- 証人
- shōnin — Witness, one who gives testimony.
- 召喚
- shōkan — Summons, summoning a person to appear.
- する
- suru — To do, perform, carry out an action.
- が
- ga — Subject marker particle; but, however.
- 許さ
- yurusa — To be permitted, allowed (stem of 許す).
- れる
- reru — Passive or potential verb auxiliary suffix.
- あろ
- aro(u) — Probably is/will be (volitional of ある).
- う
- u — Volitional auxiliary indicating conjecture or intention.
- 氏
- shi — Mr., Ms.; honorific suffix for names.
- 序文
- jobun — Preface, foreword, introduction to a book.
- おい
- oi(te) — In, at (archaic/formal locative, contracted form).
- フランス
- Furansu — France, the European nation (proper noun).
- や
- ya — And, or (listing particle for nouns).
- ドイツ
- Doitsu — Germany, the European nation (proper noun).
- イングランド
- Ingurando — England, part of the United Kingdom.
- ヨーロッパ
- Yōroppa — Europe, the western continent (proper noun).
- 最も
- mottomo — Most, extremely, the greatest degree.
- 啓蒙
- keimō — Enlightenment, education, enlightening the public.
- 国々
- kuniguni — Countries, various nations (plural of 国).
- 常
- tsune — Always, constantly, ordinarily, habitually.
- 権威
- ken'i — Authority, expert, one with recognized expertise.
- し
- shi — Conjunctive verb form; and, moreover.
- 引用
- in'yō — Quotation, citation, referencing another's words.
- いる
- iru — To be, exist (for animate beings).
- 述べ
- nobe — To state, mention, describe (stem form).
- 後
- nochi / go — After, later, subsequent to something.
- 次
- tsugi — Next, following, subsequent.
- よう
- yō — Like, as if; manner, way, appearance.
- 続ける
- tsuzukeru — To continue, keep doing something.
- 私
- watashi — I, me (first-person singular pronoun).
- 研究
- kenkyū — Research, study, academic investigation.
- 過程
- katei — Process, course, progression of events.
- ローマ
- Rōma — Rome; the ancient city and empire.
- 帝国
- teikoku — Empire, imperial state or dominion.
- 財政
- zaisei — Public finance, fiscal affairs, national economy.
- 論じ
- ronji — To discuss, argue, debate (stem form).
- 哲学
- tetsugaku — Philosophy, the study of fundamental questions.
- 者
- sha / mono — Person, one who does something (suffix).
- たち
- tachi — Plural suffix for people or beings.
- 著作
- chosaku — Written work, literary composition, authorship.
- 年代
- nendai — Era, period, decade, chronological age.
- 学
- gaku — Study, learning, academic discipline (suffix).
- 調査
- chōsa — Investigation, survey, research, inquiry.
- 学者
- gakusha — Scholar, academic, learned person.
- 教会
- kyōkai — Church, Christian religious congregation or building.
- 史
- shi — History, historical record (suffix/standalone).
- 深み
- fukami — Depth, profundity, deep part of something.
- 探求
- tankyū — Pursuit, quest, searching deeply for something.
- 法学
- hōgaku — Law, legal studies, jurisprudence.
- 丹念
- tannnen — Careful, painstaking, diligent, thorough attention.
- 法律
- hōritsu — Law, legal statute, rule of law.
- 著述
- chojutsu — Writing, literary composition, authoring works.
- 家
- ka / ie — Expert, specialist (suffix); house, home.
- アラビア
- Arabia — Arabia; referring to Arab people or region.
- 人
- hito / jin — Person, people, human being.
- コーラン
- Kōran — The Quran, Islamic holy scripture.
- 従事
- jūji — Engagement in, devotion to an occupation.
- 東洋
- tōyō — The Orient, East Asia, Eastern world.
- 十字軍
- jūjigun — Crusades, medieval Christian military campaigns.
- 影響
- eikyō — Influence, effect, impact on something.
- 関する
- kansuru — To relate to, concern, be about something.
- 広範
- kōhan — Wide-ranging, extensive, broad in scope.
- 取り組ん
- torikun(da) — To tackle, work on, grapple with something.
- だ
- da — Copula; plain form of です meaning 'is/am/are'.
- 近代
- kindai — Modern era, modern times, contemporary period.
- 歴史
- rekishi — History, historical record of past events.
- 参照
- sanshō — Reference, consultation, cross-referencing a source.
- 機会
- kikai — Opportunity, chance, occasion to do something.
- 得
- e(ru) — To obtain, gain, acquire something.
- これら
- korera — These (plural proximal demonstrative pronoun).
- それぞれ
- sorezore — Each, respectively, one by one.
- 衰亡
- suibō — Decline and fall, decay, ruin of something.
- いくつ
- ikutsu — How many; several, a few (indefinite quantity).
- か
- ka — Question particle; or, some (indefinite particle).
- 不注意
- fuchūi — Carelessness, inattention, negligence, oversight.
- 誤っ
- ayamat(te) — To err, make a mistake (conjunctive form).
- い
- i — Verb stem of いる; continuative suffix.
- 不完全
- fukanzen — Incomplete, imperfect, deficient, lacking completeness.
- 見解
- kenkai — View, opinion, standpoint, perspective on something.
- 意図
- ito — Intention, purpose, aim, deliberate plan.
- 想定
- sōtei — Assumption, supposition, hypothetical scenario.
- せ
- se — Causative or negative verb conjugation stem.
- ない
- nai — Negative suffix; not, does not exist.
- 省略
- shōryaku — Omission, abbreviation, leaving something out.
- 指摘
- shiteki — Pointing out, indicating, noting an issue.
- 彼ら
- karera — They, them (third-person plural pronoun).
- 事実
- jijitsu — Fact, truth, actual circumstance or reality.
- 訂正
- teisei — Correction, rectification, fixing an error.
- 主張
- shuchō — Assertion, claim, argument, insistence on something.
- 対し
- taishi — Toward, against, in contrast to something.
- 有利
- yūri — Advantageous, favorable, beneficial position.
- 反論
- hanron — Counterargument, objection, rebuttal against a claim.
- しかし
- shikashi — However, but, nevertheless (conjunctive).
- 概し
- gaishi(te) — Generally, on the whole, in general.
- 考え
- kangae — Thought, idea, way of thinking.
- 出発
- shuppatsu — Departure, starting point, setting out.
- 点
- ten — Point, aspect, dot, score.
- 自ら
- mizukara — Oneself, personally, by one's own effort.
- 提唱
- teishō — Advocacy, proposing, championing an idea.
- 新た
- arata — New, fresh, renewed (na-adjective).
- 証拠
- shōko — Evidence, proof, supporting material for claims.
- 取り上げ
- toriage — To take up, pick up, feature something.
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