History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 6

Vocabulary

이

i — This; demonstrative pronoun referring to something nearby

방대한

bangdaehan — Vast, enormous, or extensive in scale or scope

구상

gusang — Conception, plan, or idea for a project

즉

jeuk — That is, namely; used to clarify or restate

고대

godae — Ancient times; referring to early historical periods

문명의

munmyeong-ui — Of civilization; possessive form of civilization

쇠퇴와

soetoe-wa — Decline and; referring to the weakening of something

몰락

mollak — Downfall, collapse, or ruin of a person or state

새로운

saeroun — New, fresh; describing something recently emerged

질서의

jilseo-ui — Of order; possessive form referring to social order

형성과

hyeongseong-gwa — Formation and; the process of taking shape

탄생을

tansaeng-eul — Birth (object form); the emergence of something new

담아낸

damanaen — Captured, contained; expressed or portrayed within a work

웅장한

ungjanghan — Grand, magnificent, or majestic in appearance or scale

전체

jeonche — Whole, entire, total; referring to the complete thing

체계는

chegyeneun — The system; an organized framework or structure

그

geu — That, the; demonstrative or definite article equivalent

계획의

gyehoek-ui — Of the plan; possessive form referring to a scheme

노고

nogo — Toil, hard work, or painstaking effort

어린

eorin — Young; here used to mean embedded or contained within

실행과는

silhaenggwaneun — As for the execution; contrasting with actual implementation

별개로

byeolgaero — Separately, apart from; distinct from something else

자체만으로도

jacheman-eurodo — By itself alone; even on its own merits

제국

jeguk — Empire; a large state ruled by an emperor

미래의

mirae-ui — Of the future; belonging to times yet to come

역사가들이

yeoksagadeul-i — Historians (subject form); scholars who study history

넘볼

neombol — To rival, surpass, or dare to exceed something

수

su — Ability, possibility; used with verbs to indicate capability

없는

eomneun — Without, lacking; modifying a noun as nonexistent

주제로

jujero — As the subject or theme; topic of discussion or work

만들

mandeul — To make, create; base form of the verb 만들다

것이다

geosida — It is the case that; assertive sentence-ending expression

이는

ineun — This (topic form); referring back to a prior statement

최근

choegeun — Recently, lately; referring to the near past

편집자인

pyeonjipja-in — Who is the editor; identifying someone as an editor

웅변적인

ungbyeonjeok-in — Eloquent, oratorical; characterized by powerful speech

언어로

eoneo-ro — In the language of; using a particular tongue or words

표현하자면

pyohyeonhajamyeon — To express it in words; if one were to put it

다음과 같다

daeum-gwa gatda — Is as follows; standard phrase introducing a quotation

주석

juseok — Footnote, annotation, or commentary on a text

서문의

seomun-ui — Of the preface; belonging to the introduction of a book

상당

sangdang — Considerable, substantial; a significant portion or amount

부분은

bubun-eun — The part (topic form); a section or portion of something

이미

imi — Already; indicating something has occurred beforehand

일반

ilban — General, ordinary; referring to the common public

독자들에게

dokjadeul-ege — To the readers; directed at the reading audience

공개된

gongaedon — Disclosed, made public; revealed to general audience

바

ba — The fact that; nominalizer indicating a prior event

있다

itda — To exist, to be; basic existential verb in Korean

세상을

sesang-eul — The world (object form); the entire human world

침략하고

chimnyakago — Invaded and; the act of aggressively entering territory

억압했던

eogaphaetdeon — Had oppressed; subjugated or suppressed in the past

가장

gajang — Most, the most; superlative degree marker in Korean

놀라운

nollaun — Surprising, astonishing; causing wonder or amazement

지배권의

jibaegwon-ui — Of dominion or rule; belonging to controlling power

점진적인

jeomjinjeogin — Gradual, progressive; happening slowly step by step

쇠퇴

soetoe — Decline, deterioration; gradual weakening of power

수많은

sumaneun — Countless, numerous; very many in number

왕국

wangguk — Kingdom; a state ruled by a king or queen

공화국

gonghwaguk — Republic; a state governed by elected representatives

야만적이거나

yamanjeok-igeona — Barbaric or; describing uncivilized states or peoples

문명화된

munmyeonghwadon — Civilized; developed into an advanced society or culture

국가들의

gukgadeul-ui — Of the nations; possessive plural form of country

폐허

pyeheo — Ruins, rubble; remains of destroyed buildings or states

위에

wie — On top of, upon; spatial or figurative position above

세워진

sewojin — Built, established; constructed or founded on something

제국의

jeguk-ui — Of the empire; possessive form referring to an empire

그리고

geurigo — And, and then; conjunction linking clauses or ideas

해체를

haecherul — Dissolution (object form); the breaking apart of a structure

통해

tonghae — Through, via; by means of a process or medium

차례로

charye-ro — In turn, one by one; sequentially in order

국가

gukga — Nation, state; an organized political community

왕국들을

wanggukdeul-eul — Kingdoms (object form); multiple states ruled by kings

형성한

hyeongseonghan — Formed, shaped; brought into being or structure

과정

gwajeong — Process, course; the series of steps leading to a result

종교의

jonggyo-ui — Of religion; possessive form referring to religious belief

소멸

somyeol — Extinction, disappearance; the dying out of something

지상의

jisang-ui — Of the earth; relating to the terrestrial world

아름다운

areumdaun — Beautiful, lovely; aesthetically pleasing to the senses

지역을

jiyeok-eul — Region, area (object form); a defined geographical zone

나누어

nanuo — Dividing, sharing; splitting something among parties

가진

gajin — Having, possessing; holding something as one's own

두

du — Two; the numeral two used before a noun

탄생과

tansaeng-gwa — Birth and; the emergence or origin of something

발전

baljeon — Development, progress, advancement in growth or ability

세계의

segye-ui — Of the world; possessive form referring to the globe

노쇠함

nosoeham — Senility, old age decline; the aging and weakening state

사라져

sarajyeo — Disappearing, fading away; ceasing to exist gradually

가는

ganeun — Going; progressive modifier indicating ongoing action

영광과

yeonggwang-gwa — Glory and; honor and splendor of past achievements

타락한

tarakhan — Corrupted, depraved; morally fallen or degraded

풍습의

pungseup-ui — Of customs or manners; referring to social practices

광경

gwanggyeong — Scene, spectacle, sight; a striking visual tableau

근대

geundae — Modern era; the historical period of recent centuries

유년기

yunyeongi — Childhood, infancy; the early developmental stage of life

첫

cheot — First; the initial one in a sequence or series

번째

beonjjae — Ordinal suffix; used to indicate order like first, second

발전의

baljeon-ui — Of development; possessive form relating to progress

모습

moseup — Appearance, form, aspect; the visible shape of something

인간의

ingan-ui — Of humans; possessive form referring to human nature

정신과

jeongshin-gwa — Mind/spirit and; referring to intellectual or mental quality

성격에

seonggyeok-e — To the character; referring to personality or nature

주어진

juojin — Given, provided; something bestowed or imparted to someone

방향

banghyang — Direction, orientation; the course something is headed

이러한

ireuhan — Such, this kind of; referring to the described subjects

주제는

juje-neun — The theme (topic form); the main subject under discussion

필연적으로

piryeonjeogeuro — Inevitably, necessarily; in a way that cannot be avoided

사람들의

saramdeul-ui — Of people; possessive form referring to human beings

주의를

jui-reul — Attention (object form); focus or notice of the mind

집중시키고

jipjungsikigo — Concentrating and; causing attention to be focused

흥미를

heungmi-reul — Interest (object form); curiosity or fascination aroused

불러일으킬

bulleo-ireuikil — Will arouse, evoke; to summon or stir up a feeling

것이니

geosin-i — Since it is the case; causal assertive sentence ending

그들은

geudeul-eun — They (topic form); third-person plural subject marker

표현된

pyohyeondoen — Expressed, articulated; conveyed through words or art

위대한

widaehan — Great, magnificent; of outstanding importance or stature

운명이

unmyeong-i — Fate, destiny (subject form); one's predetermined course

시작되고

sijakdoego — Begins and; the start of a process or event

끝을

kkeut-eul — End (object form); the conclusion or termination of something

맺는다

maengneunda — Concludes, ties; brings to a close or completion