History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 9

Vocabulary

ဤ

i — This; demonstrative pronoun referring to something near

မြင့်မြတ်

myint-myat — Noble, sublime, or exalted in character

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker; that, which, who

ဂေါသစ်

gaw-thit — Gothic; relating to Gothic style or period

ဗိသုကာပညာ

be-thu-ka-pyin-nya — Architecture; the art and science of building design

၌

hnait — In, at, within; locative particle

အကန့်အသတ်

a-khan-a-thut — Limitation, restriction, or boundary placed on something

မဲ့

meh — Without, lacking; devoid of something

ကျယ်ပြန့်

kyeh-pyan — Wide, broad, extensive in scope or area

မှု

hmu — Nominalizing suffix indicating an action or condition

အဆုံး

a-hson — End, conclusion, or termination of something

မရှိ

ma-shi — Does not exist; there is none; absent

မျိုးစုံ

myo-son — Various kinds; diverse types of things

ကွဲပြား

kweh-pya — Different, distinct, divergent from one another

ကြည့်

kyi — To look at, observe, or watch something

ချင်း

chin — Each other; mutual; among themselves

ကိုက်ညီ

kite-nyi — To match, fit, or correspond with something

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning said that, called

ထင်

htin — To think, believe, or suppose something

ရ

ya — To obtain, get, or be able to do

သီးခြား

thi-cha — Separate, distinct, individual, apart from others

အပိုင်း

a-pine — Part, section, or portion of a whole

များ

mya — Many, plural marker; more than one

၏

ei — Possessive particle meaning of or belonging to

တင့်တယ်

tin-deh — Fitting, appropriate, seemly, becoming in manner

ဝင့်ထည်

win-hte — Grand, magnificent, majestic in appearance or style

သည်

thit — Subject marker; present tense verb ending particle

သော်လည်းကောင်း

thaw-leh-kaung — Whether or not; either way; although

ထို

hto — That; demonstrative pronoun for something distant

အားလုံး

a-lon — All, every, everything, everyone without exception

တစ်ခု

ta-khu — One thing; a single item or unit

တည်း

te — Only, alone; restrictive or emphatic particle

အဓိက

a-di-ka — Main, principal, primary, most important element

ကြီးစိုး

ji-so — To dominate, rule over, or prevail strongly

အကြံအစည်

a-kyan-a-si — Plan, scheme, or idea conceived for action

အောက်

aut — Below, under, beneath something else

တွင်

twin — In, within, at; locative particle

ညွှတ်ကျ

hnwut-kya — To decline, deteriorate, or fall downward gradually

နေ

nay — To live, stay, or remain in a state

အချက်

a-chet — Point, fact, key detail or argument

ပင်

pin — Emphatic particle meaning indeed, even, precisely

မတူနိုင်

ma-tu-nin — Cannot be the same; must differ from another

သူ

thu — He, she, him, her; third person pronoun

တစ်ဦး

ta-u — One person; a single individual

ဖြစ်

phyit — To be, become, occur, or happen

မိမိ

mi-mi — Oneself; reflexive pronoun indicating self-reference

ပစ္စည်း

pyit-si — Object, material, item, or piece of equipment

ကို

ko — Object marker particle; towards, at, to

စုစည်း

su-si — To gather, compile, or bring together collectively

ပုံ

pon — Shape, form, picture; pattern or manner

အချက်အလက်

a-chet-a-let — Information, data, or facts about something

ဆက်တိုက်

set-tite — Consecutively, continuously, one after another

အုပ်စု

out-su — Group, cluster, or category of related things

ဖြင့်

phyin — With, by means of; instrumental particle

စီစဉ်

si-zin — To arrange, organize, or plan systematically

ကာလ

ka-la — Period, era, time, or duration of time

အစဉ်

a-zin — Always, continually; sequence or order of things

အတိုင်း

a-tine — According to, as, in the manner of

မဟုတ်

ma-hout — Is not, not so; negation of being

ဘဲ

beh — Without doing; negating a following action

၎င်းတို့

dain-to — They, them, those; third person plural pronoun

ကျင့်ဝတ်

kyin-wut — Ethics, moral conduct, or professional code of behavior

ဆိုင်ရာ

hsine-ya — Related to, concerning, pertaining to a subject

သို့မဟုတ်

thoh-ma-hout — Or, otherwise; presents an alternative option

နိုင်ငံရေး

nine-ngan-yay — Politics; matters relating to government and state

ဆက်စပ်

set-sut — To connect, relate, or link things together

အလိုက်

a-lite — According to, following, in accordance with

တဖြည်းဖြည်း

ta-phyi-phyi — Gradually, little by little, slowly over time

တိုးပွား

to-pwa — To grow, increase, or multiply in number

လာ

la — To come; directional verb indicating movement toward

ယိုယွင်း

yo-ywin — To deteriorate, decay, or fall into disrepair

သတ်မှတ်

thut-hmut — To define, designate, or determine specifically

ထင်ရှား

htin-sha — Famous, prominent, well-known, or clearly evident

နည်းလမ်း

ni-lan — Method, way, approach, or means of doing

နှင့်

hnin — And, with; connective or comitative particle

သမိုင်း

tha-mine — History; the record of past events

ပြိုင်တန်း

pyine-tan — Parallel, concurrent, or running alongside simultaneously

လမ်းကြောင်း

lan-jaung — Path, course, route, or direction taken

ပေါ်

paw — On, upon, above; emerging or appearing surface

တိုးတက်

to-tet — To progress, advance, or develop forward

သော်လည်း

thaw-leh — However, although, even though; concessive conjunction

ပိုနှေး

po-hne — Slower, more slowly than something else

ပိုမြန်

po-myan — Faster, more quickly than something else

ဘာသာရေး

ba-tha-yay — Religion; matters related to religious belief

နိုင်ငံသား

nine-ngan-tha — Citizen, national; member of a country

ပြောင်းလဲ

pyaung-leh — To change, transform, or alter in nature

မြင်ကွင်းတူ

myin-gwin-tu — Sharing the same perspective or viewpoint together

ပြသ

pya-tha — To show, display, or demonstrate something clearly

ကျွမ်းကျင်

kywan-kyin — Skilled, expert, proficient in a particular area

တို့

to — Plural marker for pronouns and nouns

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kya-naw-to — We, us; first person plural pronoun formal

ချီးကျူး

chi-kyu — To praise, commend, or compliment someone

မနေ

ma-nay — Without stopping; cannot help but do something

မဖြစ်

ma-phyit — Cannot be, does not happen, impossible to occur

ပေ

pay — Emphatic or assertive final particle in sentences

စပ်ဆို

sut-hso — To compose, write, or create literary works

ရေးသား

yay-tha — To write, compose, or author a text

မူ

mu — As for; contrastive or topic-marking particle

စာဖတ်သူ

sa-phut-thu — Reader; person who reads written material

ဘက်

bet — Side, direction, or aspect of something

မှ

hma — From, since; ablative or source particle

သာမာန်

tha-man — Ordinary, common, normal, average in nature

ထက်

htet — Than; comparative particle for comparison

ပို

po — More; comparative adverb indicating greater degree

၍

ywei — Therefore, thus; connective particle linking clauses

အာရုံစိုက်

a-yon-site — To focus attention on, concentrate upon something

တောင်းဆို

taung-hso — To request, demand, or ask for something

သာ

tha — Only, just, merely; restrictive emphatic particle

ဖြစ်ရပ်

phyit-yut — Event, occurrence, incident, or situation that happens

စစ်မှန်

sit-hmun — Genuine, authentic, true, or real in nature

သွား

thwa — To go; directional verb indicating movement away

ဆွေမျိုး

hswe-myo — Relative, kinsman, family member by blood

အရေးပါ

a-yay-pa — Important, significant, or of consequence to something

မှတ်ဉာဏ်

hmut-nyan — Memory; the mental ability to recall information

ထဲ

hteh — Inside, within, into a space or group

ထင်ကျန်

htin-kyan — To remain memorable or leave a lasting impression

အောင်

aung — Until, to the point of achieving; successfully

နိုင်

nine — Can, able to; indicates capability or possibility

ရှင်းလင်း

shin-lin — Clear, distinct, understandable; to clarify something

သာလွန်

tha-lun — Superior, surpassing, excelling beyond others

ကောင်းမွန်

kaung-mun — Good, excellent, fine in quality or nature

မျှတ

hmya-ta — Balanced, fair, equitable, or just in measure

စွာ

hswa — Manner adverbial suffix; -ly, in such a way

တန်ဖိုးထား

tan-pho-hta — To value, appreciate, or regard as important

လို

lo — Want, need, like; also used as comparative

မဆို

ma-hso — Whatever, whichever; any without exception

မှန်ကန်

hmun-kan — Correct, accurate, right, or proper in fact

ငြီးငွေ့

nyi-ngweh — Bored, weary, fed up with something tedious

ဖွယ်ကောင်း

phweh-kaung — Worthy of, deserving of a particular feeling

နှစ်ချုပ်

hnit-chout — Annual summary; year-end summary or review

မှတ်တမ်း

hmut-tan — Record, documentation, or written account of events

ပေါ့ပါး

paw-pa — Light, easy, not burdensome or not serious

ကျမ်း

kyan — Scholarly book, scripture, or authoritative text

တစ်ဆင့်

ta-hsin — Through, via, step by step, one stage

ပြီး

pyi — After completing; already done; and then

ဖြတ်သန်း

phyut-than — To pass through or traverse a period of time

ကြည့်ရှု

kyi-shu — To observe, view, or examine carefully

ရန်

yan — In order to, for the purpose of doing

ကြိုးစား

kyo-za — To try hard, make an effort, strive

သင့်

thine — Should, ought to; indicates obligation or appropriateness