History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 9

Vocabulary

É

eh — Third person singular present tense of 'to be'

nesta

NEH-stah — Contraction of 'em' and 'esta'; in this

sublime

soob-LEE-meh — Of great excellence, beauty, or grandeur

arquitetura

ar-kee-teh-TOO-rah — The art and science of designing buildings

gótica

GOH-tee-kah — Relating to the Gothic style or period

de

deh — Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

sua

SOO-ah — Possessive pronoun meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its'

obra

OH-brah — A literary, artistic, or musical work or creation

na

nah — Contraction of 'em' and 'a'; in the

qual

kwahl — Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'that'

o

oh — Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine)

alcance

al-KAN-seh — Range, scope, or reach of something

ilimitado

ee-lee-mee-TAH-doo — Without limits; boundless or unrestricted

a

ah — Definite article or preposition meaning 'the' or 'to'

variedade

vah-ree-eh-DAH-deh — A range of different things; variety or diversity

infinita

een-fee-NEE-tah — Without end or limit; infinite (feminine)

esplendor

esh-plen-DOR — Magnificent beauty, brilliance, or grandeur

à

ah — Contraction of 'a' and 'a'; at the or to the

primeira

pree-MEY-rah — First (feminine form of ordinal number)

vista

VEES-tah — A view or the act of seeing something

incongruente

een-kon-groo-EN-teh — Not in harmony; inconsistent or out of place

das

dahsh — Contraction of 'de' and 'as'; of the (feminine plural)

partes

PAR-tesh — Portions or components of a whole

separadas

seh-pah-RAH-dahsh — Divided or set apart from each other

estão

esh-TAWN — Third person plural of 'estar'; they are

no

noo — Contraction of 'em' and 'o'; in the (masculine)

entanto

en-TAN-too — Used in 'no entanto'; meaning 'however' or 'nevertheless'

todos

TOH-doosh — All or every (masculine plural form)

subordinados

soob-or-dee-NAH-doosh — Placed in a lower rank; subject to something greater

uma

OO-mah — Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one' (feminine)

ideia

ee-DEY-ah — A thought, concept, or notion formed mentally

principal

preen-see-PAHL — Most important or primary among others

e

eh — Conjunction meaning 'and'

predominante

preh-doh-mee-NAN-teh — Having the greatest influence or importance; dominant

que

keh — Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'which'

é

eh — Third person singular present tense of 'ser'; is

inigualável

ee-nee-gwah-LAH-vel — Without equal; matchless or unparalleled in quality

Não

nawn — Negation word meaning 'no' or 'not'

podemos

poh-DEH-moosh — First person plural of 'poder'; we can

deixar

day-SHAR — To leave, let, or allow something to happen

admirar

ad-mee-RAR — To regard with wonder, pleasure, or approval

maneira

mah-NAY-rah — A way or manner of doing something

pela

PEH-lah — Contraction of 'por' and 'a'; by the (feminine)

ele

EH-leh — Third person singular masculine pronoun; he or him

agrupa

ah-GROO-pah — Groups or clusters things together

seus

SEH-oosh — Possessive pronoun meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'their' (plural)

materiais

mah-teh-ree-AH-eesh — Materials or resources used in creating something

organiza

or-gah-NEE-zah — Arranges or structures things in an orderly way

fatos

FAH-toosh — Facts or true pieces of information

em

en — Preposition meaning 'in,' 'on,' or 'at'

grupos

GROO-poosh — Collections of people or things; groups or clusters

sucessivos

soo-seh-SEE-voosh — Following one after another in sequence; successive

não

nawn — Negation word meaning 'no' or 'not'

acordo

ah-KOR-doo — Agreement or accordance with something

com

kon — Preposition meaning 'with'

ordem

OR-den — An arrangement or sequence; order

cronológica

kroh-noh-LOH-zhee-kah — Arranged according to the sequence of time

mas

mahsh — Conjunction meaning 'but' indicating contrast

conexão

koh-neh-SAWN — A relationship or link between things; connection

moral

moh-RAHL — Relating to principles of right and wrong conduct

ou

oh — Conjunction meaning 'or' presenting alternatives

política

poh-LEE-tee-kah — Relating to government, politics, or public affairs

nitidez

nee-tee-DESH — Clarity, sharpness, or precision in expression

marca

MAR-kah — Marks or characterizes something distinctively

períodos

peh-REE-oh-doosh — Defined spans of time; periods or eras

decadência

deh-kah-DEN-see-ah — A process of moral or social decline; decadence

gradualmente

grah-doo-ahl-MEN-teh — In a gradual or step-by-step manner

crescente

kreh-SEN-teh — Growing or increasing progressively over time

habilidade

ah-bee-lee-DAH-deh — A skill or ability to do something well

embora

em-BOH-rah — Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'

avançando

ah-van-SAN-doo — Moving forward or making progress; advancing

paralelos

pah-rah-LEH-loosh — Running side by side; parallel lines or narratives

separados

seh-pah-RAH-doosh — Set apart or divided from each other

da

dah — Contraction of 'de' and 'a'; of the (feminine)

história

ees-TOH-ree-ah — The study of past events; history or story

demonstra

deh-MON-strah — Shows or proves something clearly; demonstrates

tendência

ten-DEN-see-ah — A general inclination or trend toward something

comum

koh-MOON — Shared by many; common or widespread

inovações

ee-noh-vah-SOYNS — New ideas or methods introduced; innovations

religiosas

reh-lee-zhee-OH-zahsh — Relating to religion or religious practice (feminine plural)

civis

SEE-veesh — Relating to citizens or civil society

mais

maish — More; used for comparisons or to indicate greater degree

lentas

LEN-tahsh — Moving or happening slowly (feminine plural)

rápidas

HAH-pee-dahsh — Moving or happening quickly; fast (feminine plural)

Embora

em-BOH-rah — Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'

esses

EH-seh — Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'these' or 'those'

princípios

preen-SEE-pee-oosh — Fundamental rules or beliefs guiding behavior or thought

composição

kom-poh-zee-SAWN — The arrangement of parts forming a whole; composition

possam

POH-sawn — Subjunctive of 'poder'; might or may be able to

exigir

eh-zhee-ZHEER — To demand or require something from someone

do

doo — Contraction of 'de' and 'o'; of the (masculine)

atenção

ah-ten-SAWN — The act of carefully focusing the mind; attention

por

por — Preposition meaning 'by,' 'for,' or 'through'

parte

PAR-teh — A portion, role, or share of something

leitor

lay-TOR — A person who reads; a reader

apenas

ah-PEH-nahsh — Only or just; indicating limitation or restriction

eles

EH-lesh — Third person plural masculine pronoun; they or them

são

sawn — Third person plural of 'ser'; they are

capazes

kah-PAH-zesh — Able or capable of doing something

imprimir

eem-pree-MEER — To print or impress something onto a surface or mind

memória

meh-MOH-ree-ah — The ability to recall past experiences; memory

curso

KOR-soo — A path, course, or progression of events

real

reh-AHL — Existing in reality; actual or true

importância

eem-por-TAN-see-ah — The quality of being significant or of great consequence

relativa

reh-lah-TEE-vah — Considered in relation to something else; relative

dos

doosh — Contraction of 'de' and 'os'; of the (masculine plural)

eventos

eh-VEN-toosh — Occurrences or happenings; events

Quem

kayn — Relative or interrogative pronoun meaning 'who'

quer

kehr — Wants; or used in 'quem quer que' meaning whoever

deseje

deh-ZEH-zheh — Subjunctive of 'desejar'; may wish or desire

apreciar

ah-preh-see-AR — To recognize and enjoy the quality of something

justamente

zhoosh-tah-MEN-teh — Fairly, justly, or precisely in the right measure

superioridade

soo-peh-ree-oh-ree-DAH-deh — The state of being higher in quality or rank

arranjo

ah-HAHN-zhoo — An orderly arrangement or organization of elements

lúcido

LOO-see-doo — Clear and easily understood; lucid or coherent

deveria

deh-veh-REE-ah — Should or ought to; conditional of 'dever'

tentar

ten-TAR — To try or attempt to do something

abrir

ah-BREER — To open or make accessible something closed

caminho

kah-MEE-nyoo — A path, road, or way to a destination

pelos

PEH-loosh — Contraction of 'por' and 'os'; through or by the

regulares

reh-goo-LAH-resh — Following a regular pattern; orderly or systematic

porém

poh-REN — Conjunction meaning 'however' or 'but'

fastidiosos

fahsh-tee-dee-OH-zoosh — Tedious or tiresome; causing boredom and weariness

anais

ah-NAISH — Historical records arranged chronologically; annals

mesmo

MEZ-moo — Even; or same, used for emphasis

volumes

voh-LOO-mesh — Books or bound collections of written works

menos

MEH-noosh — Less or fewer; used for comparisons

pesados

peh-ZAH-doosh — Heavy in weight or difficulty; burdensome