History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 10

Vocabulary

Ambos

AHM-boos — Both; referring to two people or things together

os

ooz — The (masculine plural definite article)

escritores

esh-kree-TOH-resh — Writers; people who write books or texts

aderem

ah-DEH-rehn — Adhere; they stick or conform to something

quase

KWAH-zeh — Almost; nearly but not completely

inteiramente

ihn-tay-rah-MEHN-teh — Entirely; completely without exception

à

ah — To the (feminine contraction of a + a)

ordem

OR-dehn — Order; arrangement or sequence of things

cronológica

kroh-noh-LOH-zhee-kah — Chronological; arranged in order of time

a

ah — The (feminine singular definite article)

consequência

kohn-seh-KWEHN-syah — Consequence; result or effect of an action

é

eh — Is; third person singular of ser (to be)

que

keh — That; conjunction connecting clauses

somos

SOH-moos — We are; first person plural of ser

chamados

shah-MAH-doos — Called; summoned or compelled to do something

vinte

VIHN-teh — Twenty; the number 20

vezes

VEH-zesh — Times; instances or occasions of repetition

interromper

ihn-teh-hoh-PEHR — To interrupt; to break the continuity of something

e

eh — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

retomar

heh-toh-MAR — To resume; to take up again after pause

o

oh — The (masculine singular definite article)

fio

FEE-oh — Thread; thin strand or connecting narrative line

de

deh — Of; preposition indicating origin or belonging

seis

saysh — Six; the number 6

ou

oh — Or; conjunction presenting alternatives

oito

OY-toh — Eight; the number 8

guerras

GEH-hahs — Wars; armed conflicts between nations or groups

em

ehn — In; preposition indicating location or time

diferentes

dee-feh-REHN-tesh — Different; distinct or varied from one another

partes

PAR-tesh — Parts; sections or regions of a whole

do

doh — Of the (masculine contraction of de + o)

império

ihm-PEH-ryoh — Empire; large territory under a single ruler

suspender

soos-pehn-DEHR — To suspend; to halt or pause temporarily

as

ahsh — The (feminine plural definite article)

operações

oh-peh-rah-SOYSH — Operations; military or organized planned activities

uma

OO-mah — A/an; feminine indefinite article

expedição

esh-peh-dee-SOWH — Expedition; organized journey for military or exploration

militar

mee-lee-TAR — Military; relating to armed forces or warfare

por

por — For/by; preposition indicating cause or means

intriga

ihn-TREE-gah — Intrigue; scheming or plotting behind the scenes

corte

KOR-teh — Court; royal or imperial household and its members

apressar-nos

ah-preh-SAR-noos — To hurry ourselves; to rush or hasten collectively

um

oom — A/an; masculine indefinite article

cerco

SEHR-koo — Siege; military encirclement of a fortified place

para

PAH-rah — For/to; preposition indicating purpose or direction

conselho

kohn-SEH-lyoh — Council; advisory or governing body of people

mesma

MEHZ-mah — Same; identical, used for feminine nouns

página

PAH-zhee-nah — Page; single leaf or side of a book

nos

noos — Us; first person plural object pronoun

coloca

koh-LOH-kah — Places; puts or positions something somewhere

no

noh — In the (masculine contraction of em + o)

meio

MAY-oh — Middle; center or midst of something

campanha

kahm-PAH-nyah — Campaign; organized military or political effort

contra

KOHN-trah — Against; in opposition or confrontation with

bárbaros

BAR-bah-roos — Barbarians; uncivilized peoples outside Roman culture

nas

nahsh — In the (feminine plural contraction of em + as)

profundezas

proh-foon-DEH-zahsh — Depths; deepest or most complex parts of something

da

dah — Of the (feminine contraction of de + a)

controvérsia

kohn-troh-VEHR-syah — Controversy; heated disagreement or public debate

Em

ehn — In; preposition indicating location or circumstance

nem

nehn — Nor/not even; negative conjunction or intensifier

sempre

SEHM-preh — Always; at all times or on every occasion

fácil

FAH-seel — Easy; not difficult to do or understand

ter

tehr — To have; to possess or hold something

mente

MEHN-teh — Mind; the seat of thought and consciousness

datas

DAH-tahsh — Dates; specific points or periods in time

exatas

eh-ZAH-tahsh — Exact; precise and accurate without error

mas

mahsh — But; conjunction indicating contrast or exception

curso

KOR-soo — Course; progression or sequence of events

dos

doosh — Of the (masculine plural contraction of de + os)

acontecimentos

ah-kohn-teh-see-MEHN-toos — Events; things that happen or take place

claro

KLAH-roo — Clear; easy to understand or perceive

distinto

dish-TIHN-toh — Distinct; clearly separate or different from others

como

KOH-moo — Like/as; conjunction or preposition of comparison

general

zheh-neh-RAL — General; high-ranking military commander or officer

habilidoso

ah-bee-lee-DOH-zoo — Skillful; possessing great ability and expertise

embora

ehm-BOH-rah — Although; conjunction introducing a concessive clause

suas

SOO-ahsh — His/her/their; feminine plural possessive pronoun

tropas

TROH-pahsh — Troops; soldiers or military forces collectively

avancem

ah-VAHN-sehn — Advance; they move forward or progress

quadrantes

kwah-DRAHN-tesh — Quadrants; four quarters dividing a space or globe

mais

mahsh — More; greater in quantity or degree

remotos

heh-MOH-toos — Remote; far away or distant from the center

opostos

oh-POHS-toos — Opposite; directly contrary or facing each other

estão

esh-TOWH — Are; third person plural of estar (to be)

constantemente

kohn-stahn-teh-MEHN-teh — Constantly; happening without stop or interruption

convergir

kohn-vehr-ZHEER — To converge; to move toward a common point

concentrar-se

kohn-sehn-TRAR-seh — To concentrate; to gather or focus on one point

num

noom — In a (masculine contraction of em + um)

único

OO-nee-koo — Unique/single; one alone, without equal

ponto

POHN-toh — Point; a specific spot or location

aquele

ah-KEH-leh — That; demonstrative pronoun for something distant

ainda

ah-EEN-dah — Still/yet; continuing up to the present moment

ocupado

oh-koo-PAH-doo — Occupied; held or dominated by a presence or force

pelo

PEH-loo — By the (masculine contraction of por + o)

nome

NOH-meh — Name; word used to identify a person or thing

poder

poh-DEHR — Power; authority, strength, or ability to act

declinante

deh-klee-NAHN-teh — Declining; weakening or diminishing over time

Roma

HOH-mah — Rome; capital city of the ancient Roman Empire

Quer

kehr — Whether; introduces alternatives in a correlative structure

ele

EH-leh — He; third person masculine singular pronoun

siga

SEE-gah — Follow; subjunctive form of seguir

progresso

proh-GREH-soo — Progress; forward movement or development over time

religiões

heh-lee-ZHOYSH — Religions; organized systems of faith and worship

hostis

OHS-teesh — Hostile; unfriendly, antagonistic, or threatening

conduza

kohn-DOO-zah — Lead; subjunctive form of conduzir, to guide

desde

DEHZ-deh — From/since; preposition indicating origin in time or space

margens

MAR-zhehsh — Shores/margins; edges of a river, sea, or border

fronteiras

frohn-TAY-rahsh — Borders/frontiers; boundaries between territories or nations

chinês

shee-NEHSH — Chinese; relating to China or its people

sucessivos

soo-seh-SEE-voos — Successive; following one after another in sequence

exércitos

eh-ZEHR-see-toos — Armies; large organized military forces

onda

OHN-dah — Wave; surge of water or figurative surging movement

mal

mal — Hardly/scarcely; barely before something else occurs

tenha

TEH-nyah — Has; subjunctive form of ter, to have

rebentado

heh-behn-TAH-doo — Broken/burst; crashed or broken apart violently

se

seh — Itself/oneself; reflexive pronoun for third person

dissipado

dee-see-PAH-doo — Dissipated; scattered or dispersed completely

antes

AHN-tesh — Before; earlier in time or sequence

outra

OH-trah — Another; a different or additional feminine noun

eleve

eh-LEH-veh — Rise; subjunctive form of elevar, to raise

aproxime

ah-proh-SEE-meh — Approach; subjunctive form of aproximar

tudo

TOO-doo — Everything; all things without exception

levado

leh-VAH-doo — Carried; taken or brought along somewhere

fluir

floo-EER — To flow; to move smoothly in one direction

na

nah — In the (feminine contraction of em + a)

direção

dee-reh-SOWH — Direction; the way toward a particular point

impressão

ihm-preh-SOWH — Impression; effect or mark left on something

cada

KAH-dah — Each; every individual one of a group

causa

Cause; reason or agent producing an effect

sobre

SOH-breh — On/about; preposition indicating position or topic

vacilante

vah-see-LAHN-teh — Wavering; unsteady, faltering, or tottering

edifício

eh-dee-FEE-syoh — Building/edifice; a structure or constructed framework

grandeza

grahn-DEH-zah — Greatness; splendor, magnificence, or grandeur

romana

hoh-MAH-nah — Roman; relating to Rome or its civilization

conecta

koh-NEH-tah — Connects; links or joins things together

seus

SAY-oos — His/her/their; masculine plural possessive pronoun

movimentos

moh-vee-MEHN-toos — Movements; acts of moving or organized activities

distantes

dish-TAHN-tesh — Distant; far away in space or relationship

mede

MEH-deh — Measures; evaluates or determines the extent of

importância

ihm-por-TAHN-syah — Importance; significance or value of something

relativa

heh-lah-TEE-vah — Relative; considered in relation to something else

lhes

lyesh — To them; third person plural indirect object pronoun

atribuída

ah-tree-BWEE-dah — Attributed; assigned or credited to something

história

ish-TOH-ryah — History; record of past events and developments

panorâmica

pah-noh-RAH-mee-kah — Panoramic; offering a wide, comprehensive overall view