History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 12
He has undergone the triple scrutiny of theological zeal quickened by just resentment, of literary emulation, and of that mean and invidious vanity which delights in detecting errors in writers of established fame.
Ele foi submetido ao triplo escrutínio do zelo teológico aguçado pelo ressentimento justo, da emulação literária, e daquela vaidade mesquinha e invejosa que se deleita em detectar erros em escritores de fama estabelecida.
On the result of the trial, we may be permitted to summon competent witnesses before we deliver our own judgment.
Sobre o resultado do julgamento, podemos ter a permissão de convocar testemunhas competentes antes de proferirmos nosso próprio veredicto.
M. Guizot, in his preface, after stating that in France and Germany, as well as in England, in the most enlightened countries of Europe, Gibbon is constantly cited as an authority, thus proceeds:—
M. Guizot, em seu prefácio, após afirmar que na França e na Alemanha, assim como na Inglaterra, nos países mais esclarecidos da Europa, Gibbon é constantemente citado como uma autoridade, prossegue assim:—
"I have had occasion, during my labors, to consult the writings of philosophers, who have treated on the finances of the Roman empire; of scholars, who have investigated the chronology; of theologians, who have searched the depths of ecclesiastical history; of writers on law, who have studied with care the Roman jurisprudence; of Orientalists, who have occupied themselves with the Arabians and the Koran; of modern historians, who have entered upon extensive researches touching the crusades and their influence; each of these writers has remarked and pointed out, in the 'History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,' some negligences, some false or imperfect views, some omissions, which it is impossible not to suppose voluntary; they have rectified some facts, combated with advantage some assertions; but in general they have taken the researches and the ideas of Gibbon, as points of departure, or as proofs of the researches or of the new opinions which they have advanced."
"Tive ocasião, durante meus trabalhos, de consultar os escritos de filósofos, que trataram das finanças do império romano; de eruditos, que investigaram a cronologia; de teólogos, que sondaram as profundezas da história eclesiástica; de juristas, que estudaram com cuidado a jurisprudência romana; de orientalistas, que se ocuparam com os árabes e o Alcorão; de historiadores modernos, que empreenderam extensas pesquisas sobre as cruzadas e sua influência; cada um desses escritores observou e apontou, na 'História do Declínio e Queda do Império Romano,' algumas negligências, algumas visões falsas ou imperfeitas, algumas omissões, que é impossível não supor voluntárias; eles retificaram alguns fatos, combateram com vantagem algumas afirmações; mas em geral tomaram as pesquisas e as ideias de Gibbon como pontos de partida, ou como provas das pesquisas ou das novas opiniões que avançaram."
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Vocabulary
- Ele
- Third person singular masculine pronoun: he
- foi
- Past tense of 'ser/ir': was or went
- submetido
- Past participle of submeter: subjected or submitted to
- ao
- Contraction of 'a' and 'o': to the
- triplo
- Adjective meaning triple or threefold
- escrutínio
- Careful and critical examination or scrutiny
- do
- Contraction of 'de' and 'o': of the
- zelo
- Eagerness, zeal, or diligent devotion to something
- teológico
- Adjective relating to theology or religious study
- aguçado
- Sharpened or intensified; keenly honed
- pelo
- Contraction of 'por' and 'o': by the
- ressentimento
- Feeling of bitterness or resentment toward someone
- justo
- Adjective meaning fair, just, or righteous
- da
- Contraction of 'de' and 'a': of the (feminine)
- emulação
- Desire to rival or surpass another; emulation
- literária
- Adjective meaning literary or relating to literature
- e
- Conjunction meaning and, linking words or clauses
- daquela
- Contraction of 'de' and 'aquela': of that (feminine)
- vaidade
- Excessive pride or vanity in oneself
- mesquinha
- Adjective meaning petty, mean-spirited, or small-minded
- invejosa
- Adjective meaning envious or jealous of others
- que
- Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning that or which
- se
- Reflexive pronoun meaning oneself or itself
- deleita
- Third person singular of deleitar: takes delight in
- em
- Preposition meaning in, at, or on
- detectar
- To detect or discover something hidden or unclear
- erros
- Plural noun meaning errors, mistakes, or faults
- escritores
- Plural noun meaning writers or authors
- de
- Preposition meaning of, from, or about
- fama
- Noun meaning fame, reputation, or renown
- estabelecida
- Past participle of estabelecer: established or well-founded
- Sobre
- Preposition meaning about, on, or concerning
- o
- Definite masculine singular article: the
- resultado
- Noun meaning result, outcome, or consequence
- julgamento
- Noun meaning judgment, trial, or assessment
- podemos
- First person plural of poder: we can or may
- ter
- Infinitive of to have; auxiliary verb in Portuguese
- a
- Definite feminine singular article or preposition: the/to
- permissão
- Noun meaning permission or authorization to do something
- convocar
- To summon, convene, or call upon someone
- testemunhas
- Plural noun meaning witnesses to an event
- competentes
- Adjective meaning competent, qualified, or capable
- antes
- Adverb or preposition meaning before or previously
- proferirmos
- Infinitive form meaning to utter or deliver our verdict
- nosso
- Possessive adjective meaning our or ours
- próprio
- Adjective meaning own, proper, or itself
- veredicto
- Noun meaning verdict or official decision rendered
- seu
- Possessive adjective meaning his, her, its, or your
- prefácio
- Noun meaning preface or introductory section of a book
- após
- Preposition or adverb meaning after or following
- afirmar
- To affirm, assert, or state something as true
- na
- Contraction of 'em' and 'a': in the (feminine)
- França
- Proper noun: the country France in Portuguese
- Alemanha
- Proper noun: the country Germany in Portuguese
- assim
- Adverb meaning thus, so, or in this way
- como
- Conjunction or adverb meaning as, like, or how
- Inglaterra
- Proper noun: the country England in Portuguese
- nos
- Contraction of 'em' and 'os': in the (masculine plural)
- países
- Plural noun meaning countries or nations
- mais
- Adverb meaning more or most; comparative marker
- esclarecidos
- Adjective meaning enlightened, informed, or educated
- Europa
- Proper noun: the continent Europe in Portuguese
- é
- Third person singular of ser: is (permanent state)
- constantemente
- Adverb meaning constantly or continuously without interruption
- citado
- Past participle of citar: cited or referenced as authority
- uma
- Feminine indefinite article meaning a or an
- autoridade
- Noun meaning authority, expert, or person of power
- prossegue
- Third person singular of prosseguir: continues or proceeds
- Tive
- First person singular past of ter: I had
- ocasião
- Noun meaning occasion, opportunity, or specific instance
- durante
- Preposition meaning during or throughout a period
- meus
- Possessive adjective meaning my (masculine plural)
- trabalhos
- Plural noun meaning works, tasks, or scholarly labors
- consultar
- To consult or refer to sources or authorities
- os
- Definite masculine plural article: the
- escritos
- Plural noun meaning writings, texts, or written works
- filósofos
- Plural noun meaning philosophers or philosophical thinkers
- trataram
- Third person plural past of tratar: they dealt with
- das
- Contraction of 'de' and 'as': of the (feminine plural)
- finanças
- Plural noun meaning finances or financial affairs
- império
- Noun meaning empire or imperial dominion
- romano
- Adjective meaning Roman or pertaining to Rome
- eruditos
- Noun or adjective meaning scholars or erudite individuals
- investigaram
- Third person plural past of investigar: they investigated
- cronologia
- Noun meaning chronology or arrangement of events in time
- teólogos
- Plural noun meaning theologians or religious scholars
- sondaram
- Third person plural past of sondar: they probed or sounded
- profundezas
- Plural noun meaning depths or profound levels of something
- história
- Noun meaning history or story of past events
- eclesiástica
- Adjective meaning ecclesiastical or relating to the church
- juristas
- Plural noun meaning jurists or legal scholars
- estudaram
- Third person plural past of estudar: they studied
- com
- Preposition meaning with or together with
- cuidado
- Noun meaning care, caution, or careful attention
- jurisprudência
- Noun meaning jurisprudence or the philosophy of law
- romana
- Feminine adjective meaning Roman (feminine form)
- orientalistas
- Plural noun meaning orientalists or scholars of Eastern cultures
- ocuparam
- Third person plural past of ocupar: they occupied or dealt with
- árabes
- Plural noun or adjective meaning Arabs or Arabic
- Alcorão
- Proper noun: the Quran, holy text of Islam
- historiadores
- Plural noun meaning historians or writers of history
- modernos
- Adjective meaning modern or contemporary in time
- empreenderam
- Third person plural past of empreender: they undertook
- extensas
- Adjective meaning extensive, vast, or wide-ranging
- pesquisas
- Plural noun meaning research studies or investigations
- sobre
- Preposition meaning about, on, or regarding something
- cruzadas
- Plural noun meaning the Crusades or crusading expeditions
- sua
- Possessive adjective meaning his, her, its, or their
- influência
- Noun meaning influence or power to affect outcomes
- cada
- Adjective or pronoun meaning each or every one
- um
- Masculine indefinite article or numeral meaning one/a
- desses
- Contraction of 'de' and 'esses': of these (masculine plural)
- observou
- Third person singular past of observar: observed or noted
- apontou
- Third person singular past of apontar: pointed out or indicated
- História
- Noun meaning History (here as part of a book title)
- Declínio
- Noun meaning decline or gradual deterioration of something
- Queda
- Noun meaning fall or collapse of something significant
- Império
- Noun meaning Empire (here referring to the Roman Empire)
- Romano
- Adjective meaning Roman, relating to ancient Rome
- algumas
- Indefinite pronoun meaning some or a few (feminine)
- negligências
- Plural noun meaning negligences or instances of carelessness
- visões
- Plural noun meaning views, visions, or interpretations
- falsas
- Adjective meaning false, incorrect, or untrue (feminine plural)
- ou
- Conjunction meaning or, offering an alternative choice
- imperfeitas
- Adjective meaning imperfect, flawed, or incomplete (feminine plural)
- omissões
- Plural noun meaning omissions or things left out
- impossível
- Adjective meaning impossible or unable to be done
- não
- Adverb of negation meaning not or no
- supor
- Infinitive meaning to suppose, assume, or presume
- voluntárias
- Adjective meaning voluntary or intentional (feminine plural)
- eles
- Third person plural masculine pronoun: they
- retificaram
- Third person plural past of retificar: they corrected or rectified
- alguns
- Indefinite pronoun meaning some or a few (masculine)
- fatos
- Plural noun meaning facts or established truths
- combateram
- Third person plural past of combater: they combated or challenged
- vantagem
- Noun meaning advantage or benefit gained in argument
- afirmações
- Plural noun meaning affirmations, assertions, or claims made
- mas
- Conjunction meaning but, introducing a contrasting idea
- geral
- Adjective meaning general or relating to the whole
- tomaram
- Third person plural past of tomar: they took or adopted
- ideias
- Plural noun meaning ideas, thoughts, or concepts
- pontos
- Plural noun meaning points or specific aspects of discussion
- partida
- Noun meaning departure or starting point of something
- provas
- Plural noun meaning proofs, evidence, or tests
- novas
- Adjective meaning new or novel (feminine plural)
- opiniões
- Plural noun meaning opinions or personal views expressed
- avançaram
- Third person plural past of avançar: they advanced or proposed
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