History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 6

Vocabulary

这一

zhè yī — This one; referring to a particular thing

宏大

hóng dà — Grand, magnificent, vast in scale

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification

构思

gòu sī — Conception, to conceive or plan creatively

他

tā — He, him, third-person masculine pronoun

将

jiāng — Will, shall; about to do something

古代

gǔ dài — Ancient times, antiquity

文明

wén míng — Civilization, culture, enlightenment

衰败

shuāi bài — Decline, decay, to fall into ruin

与

yǔ — And, with; connecting words or phrases

毁灭

huǐ miè — Destruction, annihilation, to destroy completely

新

xīn — New, fresh, modern

秩序

zhì xù — Order, discipline, organized arrangement

形成

xíng chéng — To form, to take shape, to develop

诞生

dàn shēng — Birth, to be born, to come into existence

融为一体

róng wéi yī tǐ — To merge into one unified whole

壮丽

zhuàng lì — Magnificent, splendid, grand and beautiful

整体

zhěng tǐ — Whole, entirety, overall entity

其

qí — Its, his, their; third-person possessive pronoun

本身

běn shēn — Itself, in itself, by itself

便

biàn — Then, just, already; indicates consequence

足以

zú yǐ — Sufficient to, enough to accomplish something

无论

wú lùn — Regardless of, no matter what or how

庞大

páng dà — Enormous, huge, very large in scale

计划

jì huà — Plan, project, to plan or scheme

艰辛

jiān xīn — Hardship, toil, difficult and laborious

执行

zhí xíng — To execute, carry out, implement a plan

如何

rú hé — How, in what way, what manner

使

shǐ — To cause, make, enable something to happen

成为

chéng wéi — To become, to turn into something

后世

hòu shì — Later generations, posterity, future ages

史家

shǐ jiā — Historian, scholar of history

难以企及

nán yǐ qǐ jí — Hard to reach or surpass, unattainable standard

课题

kè tí — Topic, subject, research question or task

正如

zhèng rú — Just as, exactly like, as stated

近代

jìn dài — Modern times, recent historical era

法国

Fǎ guó — France, the European nation

编者

biān zhě — Editor, compiler of a publication

先生

xiān sheng — Mister, sir, gentleman, respectful address

以

yǐ — With, by means of, using

雄辩

xióng biàn — Eloquent, persuasive, powerful in argument

所言

suǒ yán — What was said, as stated, the words spoken

返回

fǎn huí — To return, go back, revert to previous

本

běn — This, current; measure word for books

序言

xù yán — Preface, foreword, introductory remarks

相当

xiāng dāng — Quite, considerably, fairly, equivalent to

一

yī — One, a, the number one

部分

bù fen — Part, portion, section of a whole

已

yǐ — Already, previously completed action marker

先行

xiān xíng — To go ahead first, precede in action

在

zài — At, in, on; indicates location or time

上

shàng — Above, on, upper; indicates surface or medium

公开

gōng kāi — Public, open, to make publicly known

发表

fā biǎo — To publish, announce, deliver a speech

有史以来

yǒu shǐ yǐ lái — Since the beginning of recorded history

压迫

yā pò — To oppress, suppress, exert pressure on

世界

shì jiè — World, the earth, all of humanity

最

zuì — Most, -est, superlative degree marker

非凡

fēi fán — Extraordinary, exceptional, remarkable, outstanding

霸权

bà quán — Hegemony, dominance, supremacy over others

之

zhī — Possessive or linking particle in classical Chinese

逐渐

zhú jiàn — Gradually, step by step, little by little

衰落

shuāi luò — Decline, to fall from power or prominence

那

nà — That, those; demonstrative pronoun

建立

jiàn lì — To establish, found, build up something

于

yú — At, in, from; classical preposition particle

无数

wú shù — Countless, innumerable, too many to count

王国

wáng guó — Kingdom, realm ruled by a king

共和国

gòng hé guó — Republic, a state governed by elected representatives

蛮族

mán zú — Barbarian tribes, uncivilized peoples

及

jí — And, as well as, reaching to

国家

guó jiā — Country, nation, state

废墟

fèi xū — Ruins, rubble, remains of destroyed structures

之上

zhī shàng — Above, upon, on top of something

帝国

dì guó — Empire, imperial state, vast dominion

倾覆

qīng fù — To overturn, topple, collapse completely

以及

yǐ jí — As well as, and also, together with

该

gāi — That, the said; referring to previously mentioned

因

yīn — Because of, due to, on account of

分裂

fēn liè — To split, divide, fragment into parts

瓦解

wǎ jiě — To disintegrate, collapse, fall apart completely

而

ér — And, yet, but; connecting clauses together

依次

yī cì — In order, one by one, successively

众多

zhòng duō — Numerous, many, a large number of

希腊

Xī là — Greece, the southern European country

罗马

Luó mǎ — Rome, ancient city and empire of Italy

宗教

zōng jiào — Religion, faith, spiritual belief system

湮灭

yān miè — To vanish, be obliterated, disappear completely

两种

liǎng zhǒng — Two kinds, two types of something

发展

fā zhǎn — Development, growth, to develop or expand

它们

tā men — They, them; plural pronoun for things

共同

gòng tóng — Together, jointly, common to all

占据

zhàn jù — To occupy, hold, take possession of

了

le — Particle indicating completed action or change

大地

dà dì — The earth, land, the ground beneath us

美丽

měi lì — Beautiful, lovely, attractive in appearance

区域

qū yù — Region, area, zone, district

垂死

chuí sǐ — Dying, on the verge of death

荣光

róng guāng — Glory, splendor, honor and radiance

堕落

duò luò — Moral decline, depravity, to degenerate

风俗

fēng sú — Customs, traditions, social habits of people

景象

jǐng xiàng — Scene, spectacle, sight, visual picture

初生

chū shēng — Newly born, nascent, just coming into existence

最初

zuì chū — At first, initially, from the very beginning

进步

jìn bù — Progress, advancement, to improve or advance

图景

tú jǐng — Picture, tableau, overall scene or vision

人类

rén lèi — Humanity, humankind, the human race

心灵

xīn líng — Mind, soul, inner spirit of a person

品格

pǐn gé — Character, moral quality, personal integrity

所

suǒ — Particle before verb indicating passive or nominalizing

获得

huò dé — To obtain, gain, acquire something

方向

fāng xiàng — Direction, orientation, course to follow

如此

rú cǐ — Such, like this, in this manner

主题

zhǔ tí — Theme, subject, main topic of work

必然

bì rán — Inevitable, certain, necessarily so

能

néng — Can, able to, capable of doing

凝聚

níng jù — To concentrate, gather, coalesce together

人们

rén men — People, folks, everyone, human beings generally

注意

zhù yì — Attention, to pay attention, notice something

激发

jī fā — To inspire, stimulate, arouse strong feelings

兴趣

xìng qù — Interest, curiosity, enthusiasm for something

因为

yīn wèi — Because, since, for the reason that

他们

tā men — They, them; third-person plural pronoun

无法

wú fǎ — Unable to, cannot, no way to do

冷漠

lěng mò — Indifferent, apathetic, cold and uncaring

地

de — Adverbial particle linking manner to verb

审视

shěn shì — To scrutinize, examine carefully, look critically

那些

nà xiē — Those, those things or people over there

令人难忘

lìng rén nán wàng — Unforgettable, making a lasting impression on someone

时代

shí dài — Era, age, epoch, historical period

里

lǐ — Inside, within, in; location indicator

用

yòng — To use, employ, by means of

优美

yōu měi — Graceful, elegant, beautifully refined

语言

yǔ yán — Language, speech, mode of expression

来说

lái shuō — To say, in terms of, speaking of

一个

yī gè — One, a single, one instance of something

伟大

wěi dà — Great, magnificent, noble, of great importance

命运

mìng yùn — Fate, destiny, fortune, one's lot in life

开启

kāi qǐ — To open, initiate, begin something new

终结

zhōng jié — End, conclusion, to bring to a finish