Jane Eyre: An Autobiography — Page 8

Vocabulary

Tôi

First person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'

đã

Past tense marker indicating a completed action

làm

To do, make, or perform an action

vậy

So, thus, or like that; used for emphasis

lúc

A point in time; moment or when

đầu

Head; also means beginning or start

không

No, not; negation word in Vietnamese

biết

To know or be aware of something

ý

Idea, intention, or meaning

định

To intend or plan to do something

của

Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'

hắn

Third person pronoun referring to a male, often negative

là

To be; linking verb equivalent to 'is/are/was'

gì

What; used in questions asking for identification

nhưng

But; conjunction indicating contrast or exception

khi

When; referring to a time or moment

tôi

First person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'

thấy

To see or notice something visually

nhấc

To lift or raise something upward

cuốn

Volume or copy; classifier for books

sách

Book; a printed or written publication

lên

Up; directional particle indicating upward movement

cân

To balance or weigh; also means scales

bằng

By means of; equal to or using

nó

It or he/she; third person pronoun

và

And; conjunction connecting words or phrases

đứng

To stand upright in a position

trong

In, inside, or within a space

tư

Posture, position, or private; fourth number

thế

Posture, stance, or situation; like that

chuẩn

Standard, ready, or accurate; to prepare

bị

Passive voice marker; to suffer or undergo

ném

To throw or hurl an object forcefully

theo

To follow or according to something

bản

Original copy, version, or innate nature

năng

Instinct or energy; natural ability or power

giật

To snatch, jerk, or flinch suddenly

lùi

To step back or retreat from something

sang

To move over to another side or direction

một

One; the number one or a single item

bên

Side; referring to a direction or flank

với

With; together with or accompanied by

tiếng

Sound, noise, or language; a loud cry

kêu

To cry out, shout, or make a sound

hoảng

Frightened, panicked, or alarmed suddenly

sợ

To fear or be afraid of something

tuy

Although, even though; concessive conjunction

nhiên

However; used with 'tuy' for contrast

chưa

Not yet; indicating an action not completed

kịp

In time; to manage to do something timely

thì

Then; conditional or temporal linking particle

được

To be able to; indicates successful completion

đi

To go; directional particle or imperative marker

đập

To hit, strike, or smash against something

trúng

To hit a target accurately; to strike correctly

ngã

To fall down from an upright position

xuống

Down; directional particle indicating downward movement

vào

Into; entering a space or hitting against

cánh

Wing or panel; classifier for doors or gates

cửa

Door or entrance to a room or building

rách

Torn, ripped, or tattered in condition

Vết

Mark, trace, wound, or scar on surface

chảy

To flow or bleed; liquid moving continuously

máu

Blood; the red fluid in the body

cơn

Classifier for episodes of pain, storms, fits

đau

Pain or ache; to feel physical hurt

rất

Very; intensifier for adjectives and adverbs

dữ

Fierce, fierce, or violent in intensity

dội

Intense, violent; to reverberate or pound hard

nỗi

Classifier for feelings like grief, fear, or sadness

kinh

Horror or dread; extreme fear or terror

hoàng

Terror or panic; often paired with 'kinh'

vượt

To surpass, overcome, or exceed a limit

qua

To pass, go through, or beyond something

đỉnh

Peak, summit, or highest point of something

điểm

Point, score, or specific spot; peak point

những

Plural marker for nouns in Vietnamese

cảm

To feel or sense; emotion or feeling

xúc

Emotion or feeling; often paired with 'cảm'

khác

Other, different, or another kind

tiếp

To continue, follow, or receive something next

nối

To connect or follow in succession

sau

After, behind, or later in time

đó

That, there, or referring to something mentioned

Đứa

Classifier for young children, often informal tone

trẻ

Young or child; youthful in age

độc

Cruel, vicious, or toxic; poisonous nature

ác

Evil, wicked, or cruel in character

tàn

Cruel, brutal, or ruthless; also remnant

nhẫn

Heartless, ruthless; also means ring or patience

nói

To speak or say something to someone

Mày

You; informal or rude second person pronoun

giống

To resemble or be similar to something

như

Like, as, or similar to in comparison

kẻ

Person, individual; often with negative connotation

giết

To kill or murder a person or animal

người

Person, human being, or people in general

mày

You; informal or rude second person pronoun

tên

Name of a person; also informal for 'guy'

chủ

Owner, master, or host of something

nô

Slave; a person owned by another

các

Plural marker for groups of people or things

đế

Emperor or empire; imperial ruler

La

Rome; used in 'La Mã' meaning Roman

Mã

Horse; part of 'La Mã' meaning Roman

đọc

To read text or written material

Lịch

Calendar or history; part of 'lịch sử'

sử

History; part of 'lịch sử' meaning history

hình

Form, image, or to form an opinion

thành

To become or form; city or successful

quan

View, perspective, or official; to observe

mình

Oneself; reflexive pronoun or informal 'I/me'

về

About, regarding, or to return home

v.v.

Abbreviation for 'vân vân' meaning 'et cetera'

Ngoài

Outside or besides; in addition to something

ra

Out or outward; directional complement particle

cũng

Also, too, or as well; additive adverb

âm

Sound, tone, or secret; silent and hidden

thầm

Quietly, secretly; doing something without notice

rút

To draw, withdraw, or extract something out

tương

Mutual or similar; used in 'tương đồng'

đồng

Same, similar, or copper coin; in common

mà

But, yet, or which; contrastive conjunction

bao

How much/many; ever; wrapping around something

giờ

Hour, time, or now; referring to current time

nghĩ

To think or consider something mentally

sẽ

Will; future tense marker in Vietnamese

tuyên

To declare or announce officially; to proclaim

bố

To announce publicly; father or cotton cloth

lời

Word, statement, or speech; spoken language

Cái

Classifier for objects; also means thing or female

cái

Classifier for objects; thing or the item

thét

To scream or shout very loudly

Nó

It or he/she; third person pronoun informal

dám

To dare to do something bold

tao

I/me; very informal or rude first person pronoun

à

Question particle expressing surprise or seeking confirmation

có

To have or there is; affirmative marker

nghe

To hear or listen to something

Tao

I/me; very informal or rude first person pronoun

mách

To tattle or report someone to an authority

mama

Mama; informal word for mother

trước

Before, in front, or earlier in time

tiên

First; fairy; used in 'trước tiên' meaning firstly

Hắn

He/him; third person pronoun with negative connotation

lao

To rush or dash forward rapidly

thẳng

Straight or directly; without deviation

túm

To grab or seize someone tightly

lấy

To take, grab, or get something

tóc

Hair; the hair on one's head

vai

Shoulder; the part between neck and arm

xáp

To close in or approach aggressively

lại

Again or back; also directional complement

đang

Currently doing; present progressive tense marker

tuyệt

Absolute, excellent, or desperate; cut off

vọng

Despair or hope; used in 'tuyệt vọng' meaning despair

thực

Real, true, or actual; genuine

sự

Matter, affair, or event; nominalizing particle

nhìn

To look at or gaze upon something

bạo

Violent or tyrannical; aggressive force

chúa

Lord, master, or tyrant; religious or secular leader

vài

A few or several; small indefinite number

giọt

Drop; a small amount of liquid

từ

From; word; since a particular time or place

cổ

Neck; also means ancient or old

nhận

To receive, recognize, or acknowledge something

nhói

Sharp stabbing pain; to sting or throb

nhất

Most; superlative marker for adjectives

giác

Sense or perception; used in 'cảm giác'

này

This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby objects

lấn

To overwhelm or encroach upon something

át

To suppress, drown out, or overpower something

hãi

Fear or dread; being frightened of something

đón

To welcome, receive, or meet someone coming

trạng

State or condition; used in 'trạng thái'

thái

State, attitude, or condition; used in 'trạng thái'

điên

Crazy, mad, or insane in behavior

cuồng

Frenzied, fanatical, or wildly intense

rõ

Clear, distinct, or clearly visible

đôi

Pair or couple; two of something

tay

Hand or arm; the upper limb

gọi

To call, name, or summon someone

Chuột

Rat or mouse; small rodent animal

gào

To yell or scream loudly and desperately

inh

Loudly ringing; used in 'inh ỏi' meaning shrilly

ỏi

Shrill or piercing; used in 'inh ỏi'