Joseph II. and His Court: An Historical Novel — Page 1

Vocabulary

et

Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or phrases

sa

Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'

Cour

Royal court or courtyard; group surrounding a monarch

par

Preposition meaning 'by' or 'through'

dans

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside' something

notre

Possessive adjective meaning 'our'

série

A series or sequence of related items or works

Les

Definite plural article meaning 'the'

lois

Plural of 'loi'; laws or legal rules

sur

Preposition meaning 'on' or 'about'

le

Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'

droit

Right or law; also meaning 'straight' or 'direct'

d'

Contracted preposition 'de' meaning 'of' or 'from'

auteur

Author or creator of a written or artistic work

changent

Third-person plural present of 'changer'; they change

partout

Adverb meaning 'everywhere' or 'all over'

monde

World; also used to mean 'people' colloquially

assurez-

Imperative form of 'assurer'; make sure or ensure

vous

Second-person plural or formal pronoun meaning 'you'

de

Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'about'

vérifier

To verify or check something for accuracy

les

Definite plural article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'them'

votre

Possessive adjective meaning 'your' (formal or plural)

pays

Country or nation where one lives or originates

avant

Preposition or adverb meaning 'before' in time

redistribuer

To redistribute or share something again among others

ces

Demonstrative adjective meaning 'these' or 'those'

fichiers

Files, especially digital computer files or documents

Veuillez

Polite imperative meaning 'please' before a verb

consulter

To consult or refer to a source for information

informations

Information or data provided about a subject

importantes

Adjective meaning 'important' or 'significant' (feminine plural)

cet

Demonstrative adjective meaning 'this' before a vowel

tête

Head; also header or top section of a document

Nous

First-person plural pronoun meaning 'we' or 'us'

encourageons

First-person plural of 'encourager'; we encourage someone

à

Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'

conserver

To conserve, keep, or preserve something carefully

ce

Demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'this' or 'it'

fichier

A file, especially a digital or computer file

propre

Clean; also meaning 'own' when placed before a noun

disque

Disk; hard drive or physical disc storing data

en

Preposition meaning 'in', 'on', or 'as'

maintenant

Adverb meaning 'now' or 'at this moment'

un

Indefinite article or number meaning 'a' or 'one'

chemin

Path, road, or way; also file path in computing

électronique

Electronic; relating to electronics or digital technology

ouvert

Open; accessible or not closed (adjective)

pour

Preposition meaning 'for' or 'in order to'

prochains

Adjective meaning 'next' or 'upcoming' (masculine plural)

lecteurs

Readers; people who read books or documents

ne

Negative particle used with 'pas' to negate verbs

pas

Negative particle; also a step or footstep

supprimer

To delete, remove, or suppress something entirely

ceci

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' referring to nearby thing

Ceci

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this'; refers to nearby concept

devrait

Conditional form of 'devoir'; should or ought to

être

Infinitive meaning 'to be'; fundamental auxiliary verb

la

Feminine singular definite article meaning 'the'

première

First (feminine form); initial or foremost in order

chose

Thing; an object, matter, or concept

vue

Seen (past participle); also a view or sight

lorsque

Conjunction meaning 'when' introducing a time clause

quelqu'

Shortened form of 'quelqu'un' meaning 'someone'

ouvre

Third-person singular of 'ouvrir'; he/she opens something

livre

Book; a written or printed literary work

Ne

Negative particle used to negate a verb with 'pas'

modifiez

Imperative or conjugated form of 'modifier'; do not modify

sans

Preposition meaning 'without' something or someone

autorisation

Authorization or permission granted by an authority

écrite

Written (feminine adjective); produced in written form

mots

Words; units of language conveying meaning

sont

Third-person plural of 'être'; they are

soigneusement

Adverb meaning 'carefully' or 'with great care'

choisis

Chosen (past participle); selected with care or thought

fournir

To provide, supply, or furnish something to someone

aux

Contracted form of 'à les' meaning 'to the' (plural)

utilisateurs

Users; people who use a service or product

dont

Relative pronoun meaning 'whose', 'of which', or 'from which'

ils

Third-person masculine plural pronoun meaning 'they'

ont

Third-person plural of 'avoir'; they have

besoin

Need; necessity; avoir besoin de means 'to need'

qu'

Shortened conjunction 'que' meaning 'that' or 'what'

peuvent

Third-person plural of 'pouvoir'; they can or may

légalement

Adverb meaning 'legally' or 'in a lawful manner'

faire

To do or to make; a very common French verb

avec

Preposition meaning 'with' someone or something

textes

Texts; written passages or documents

Bienvenue

Welcome; a greeting offered to someone arriving

des

Indefinite plural article or contraction of 'de les'

électroniques

Electronic (plural); relating to digital or electronic technology

gratuits

Free of charge; available without cost (masculine plural)

format

Format; the structure or layout of a document

simple

Simple; easy to understand or not complicated

lisibles

Readable or legible; easy to read (plural adjective)

fois

Time or occasion; used in expressions like 'une fois'

humains

Humans; human beings or relating to humanity (plural)

ordinateurs

Computers; electronic devices for processing information

depuis

Preposition meaning 'since' or 'for' a period of time

Ces

Demonstrative adjective meaning 'these' or 'those' (plural)

préparés

Prepared (past participle plural); made ready in advance

milliers

Thousands; very large numbers of something

bénévoles

Volunteers; people who work without receiving payment

Des

Indefinite plural article meaning 'some' or 'of the'

façon

Way or manner of doing something

contacter

To contact or get in touch with someone

obtenir

To obtain or get something; to acquire

ainsi

Adverb meaning 'thus', 'so', or 'in this way'

que

Conjunction meaning 'that', 'than', or 'as'

supplémentaires

Additional or supplementary; extra beyond what is basic

incluses

Included (feminine plural); contained within something else

ci-

Prefix meaning 'here' in compound adverbs like 'ci-dessous'

dessous

Below or underneath; ci-dessous means 'below' in text

y

Pronoun meaning 'there' or replacing a previously mentioned place

compris

Included; y compris means 'including' something

dons

Donations or gifts given to support an organization

La

Feminine singular definite article meaning 'the'

Fondation

Foundation; an organization established for a specific purpose

littéraire

Literary; relating to literature or written works

est

Third-person singular of 'être'; he/she/it is

une

Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'

organisation

Organization; a group with a structured purpose

Numéro

Number; a numerical identifier or reference

identification

Identification; process or number used to identify someone

employés

Employees; people employed by a company or organization

Titre

Title; the name of a book, film, or work

Auteur

Author; the person who wrote a literary work

Date

Date; a specific day, month, and year reference

publication

Publication; the act of publishing or a published work

Février

February; the second month of the year

Oui

Yes; affirmative response in French

nous

First-person plural pronoun meaning 'we' or 'us'

avons

First-person plural of 'avoir'; we have

environ

Approximately or about; used before estimates

an

Year; a period of twelve months

avance

Advance; ahead of schedule or in front

calendrier

Calendar; a schedule or timetable of dates and events

date

Date; a specific point in time

réelle

Real or actual (feminine adjective); truly existing

laquelle

Relative pronoun meaning 'which' (feminine singular form)

a

Third-person singular of 'avoir'; he/she/it has

été

Past participle of 'être'; been; also means 'summer'

publié

Published (past participle); made available to the public

Édition

Edition; a version or printing of a published work

Langue

Language; a system of communication used by people

Anglais

English; the language spoken in England and widely worldwide

Ce

Demonstrative adjective meaning 'this' (masculine singular)

nommé

Named or called; given a specific title or name

ou

Conjunction meaning 'or'; presenting an alternative option