Joseph II. and His Court: An Historical Novel — Page 1

Vocabulary

Văn

văn — Literature or text; relating to writing or culture

bản

bản — Version, copy, or document of something

điện

điện — Electric or electricity; relating to electronic things

tử

tử — Son, death, or suffix meaning electronic/digital

và

và — Conjunction meaning 'and' connecting words or phrases

Triều

triều — Dynasty or royal court in historical context

đình

đình — Court, hall, or communal house; royal court

của

của — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'

Ông

ông — Respectful term for older man or grandfather

bởi

bởi — Preposition meaning 'by' or 'because of'

trong

trong — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside' something

bộ

bộ — Set, collection, or ministry; a grouped series

sách

sách — Book or written publication for reading

chúng

chúng — Plural pronoun meaning 'we,' 'they,' or 'them'

tôi

tôi — First-person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'

Luật

luật — Law, rule, or legal regulation governing conduct

quyền

quyền — Right, power, or authority belonging to someone

đang

đang — Progressive aspect marker indicating ongoing action now

thay

thay — To change, replace, or substitute something else

đổi

đổi — To change or exchange; alter from previous state

trên

trên — Preposition meaning 'on,' 'above,' or 'throughout'

toàn

toàn — Entire, whole, or all of something completely

thế

thế — World, generation, or manner; also 'so' or 'thus'

giới

giới — World, realm, or boundary of a domain

hãy

hãy — Imperative particle urging someone to do something

chắc

chắc — Sure, certain, or firm; confident about something

chắn

chắn — To block or be certain; used in 'chắc chắn'

kiểm

kiểm — To check or inspect; used in 'kiểm tra'

tra

tra — To examine or investigate; check something carefully

luật

luật — Law or legal rule regulating behavior or society

pháp

pháp — Law, method, or France; used in legal compounds

quốc

quốc — Nation or country; used in national compounds

gia

gia — Family, home, or expert; suffix for specialist

bạn

bạn — Friend or second-person pronoun meaning 'you'

trước

trước — Before, in front of, or previously in time

khi

khi — When; temporal conjunction indicating a time point

phân

phân — To distribute, divide, or classify into parts

phối

phối — To distribute or coordinate; used in 'phân phối'

lại

lại — Again, back, or additionally; directional particle

các

các — Plural determiner meaning 'the' for multiple items

tệp

tệp — Computer file or document stored digitally

này

này — Demonstrative meaning 'this' or 'these' nearby

Vui

vui — Happy, joyful, or pleased about something

lòng

lòng — Heart, spirit, or willingness; used in polite requests

xem

xem — To look at, watch, or read something carefully

thông

thông — To communicate, flow through, or be informed

tin

tin — News, information, or to trust someone

quan

quan — Important, official, or related to; concerning something

trọng

trọng — Important or serious; significant in weight or value

phần

phần — Part, section, or portion of a whole thing

tiêu

tiêu — Header, title, or to spend; consume resources

đề

đề — Topic, title, or to propose; subject of discussion

Chúng

chúng — Plural pronoun meaning 'we,' 'they,' or 'them'

khuyến

khuyến — To encourage or recommend; urge someone toward action

khích

khích — To stimulate or encourage; used in 'khuyến khích'

lưu

lưu — To save, store, or keep something for later

ổ

ổ — Drive, nest, or socket; computer storage drive

đĩa

đĩa — Disk, plate, or disc used for storage

chính

chính — Main, primary, official, or correct; most important

giữ

giữ — To keep, hold, or maintain something in place

cho

cho — To give, for, or allow; benefactive preposition

đường

đường — Road, path, or link; way to somewhere

dẫn

dẫn — To lead, guide, or link to something else

luôn

luôn — Always or continuously; occurring without interruption

mở

mở — To open or start; accessible and available

những

những — Plural marker for nouns indicating multiple items

độc

độc — To read; also means poison or unique/solo

giả

giả — Reader, fake, or person who does something

tiếp

tiếp — To continue, receive, or follow in sequence

theo

To follow, according to, or in pursuit of

Xin

xin — Please or to request; polite request marker

không

không — No, not, or zero; negation in Vietnamese

xóa

xóa — To delete, erase, or remove something entirely

Đây

đây — Here or this; demonstrative pointing to nearby thing

phải

phải — Must, should, or right side; obligation or correctness

là

là — To be; linking verb connecting subject and predicate

điều

điều — Thing, matter, or point; abstract subject or issue

đầu

đầu — Head, beginning, or first; start of something

tiên

tiên — First or fairy; used in 'đầu tiên' meaning first

được

được — To be able to, allowed, or obtained successfully

nhìn

nhìn — To look at or see something with eyes

thấy

thấy — To see or perceive; able to notice something

bất

bất — Prefix meaning 'any' or 'un-'; regardless of

kỳ

kỳ — Any, strange, or period; used with 'bất kỳ'

ai

ai — Who or anyone; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

cuốn

cuốn — Classifier for books or to roll something up

hoặc

hoặc — Or; conjunction presenting alternative choices or options

chỉnh

chỉnh — To adjust, correct, or edit something precisely

sửa

sửa — To fix, repair, or edit; correct an error

nó

nó — Third-person pronoun meaning 'it,' 'he,' or 'she'

mà

mà — But, yet, or relative pronoun; contrastive conjunction

có

có — To have or exist; indicates possession or existence

sự

sự — Nominalizer for abstract nouns; matter or affair

phép

phép — Permission or politeness; rule or courtesy norm

bằng

bằng — By means of, equal to, or flat surface

văn

văn — Literature, writing, or text; relating to language

từ

từ — Word, from, or since; vocabulary item in language

ngữ

ngữ — Language, phrase, or linguistic expression

lựa

lựa — To choose or select; used in 'lựa chọn'

chọn

chọn — To choose or select from available options

cẩn

cẩn — Careful or cautious; used in 'cẩn thận'

thận

thận — Careful, kidney; used in 'cẩn thận' meaning careful

để

để — In order to, to allow, or to put

cung

cung — To supply or provide; palace or bow instrument

cấp

cấp — To provide, supply, or level of rank

người

người — Person, people, or human being in general

dùng

dùng — To use or utilize something for a purpose

họ

họ — They, them, or family surname in Vietnamese

cần

cần — To need or require; necessary for something

về

về — About, regarding, or to return home somewhere

gì

gì — What; interrogative word asking about something

thể

thể — Can, body, or form; ability or physical form

làm

làm — To do, make, or work; perform an action

hợp

hợp — To cooperate, suit, or be appropriate; legal

với

với — With or to; preposition indicating accompaniment

Chào

chào — Hello or greeting; also to bow respectfully

Mừng

mừng — Happy, glad, or to celebrate a joyful event

Đến

đến — To arrive, come to, or reach a destination

Với

với — With or to; preposition indicating accompaniment

Thế

thế — World or generation; used in 'thế giới' meaning world

Giới

giới — World or realm; boundary of a particular domain

Bản

bản — Version, copy, or document; original text or file

Điện

điện — Electric or electronic; relating to digital technology

Tử

tử — Electronic suffix; also means death or child

Thuần

thuần — Pure, simple, or genuine; unadulterated in nature

Túy

túy — Pure essence; used in 'thuần túy' meaning purely

Miễn

miễn — Free of charge or exempt from obligation

Phí

phí — Fee, cost, or charge; expense for a service

Có

có — To have or exist; affirmative particle in Vietnamese

Thể

thể — Can or able to; possibility or physical form

Đọc

đọc — To read text or written material aloud or silently

Được

được — To be able or allowed; successfully accomplished

Bởi

bởi — By or because of; indicating cause or agent

Cả

cả — All, both, or even; including everything mentioned

Con

con — Child, animal classifier, or small object classifier

Người

người — Person or human being; people in general

Máy

máy — Machine or device; mechanical or electronic equipment

Tính

tính — To calculate or compute; nature or characteristic

Từ

từ — From, since, or word; starting point in time

Năm

năm — Year or the number five in Vietnamese

Này

này — This or these; demonstrative for nearby objects

Chuẩn

chuẩn — Standard, accurate, or to prepare something properly

Bị

bị — To prepare or suffer; passive voice marker

Hàng

hàng — Thousands classifier or goods; row or merchandise

Nghìn

nghìn — Thousand; numerical unit equal to one thousand

Tình

tình — Love, feeling, or situation; emotional condition

Nguyện

nguyện — To volunteer or wish; willing to do something

Viên

viên — Member, officer, or pill; person in an organization

Thông

thông — To communicate or inform; connected and flowing through

cách

cách — Way, method, or manner of doing something

liên

liên — To connect or link; continuous or related to

hệ

hệ — To contact or system; relationship or connection

lấy

lấy — To take, get, or obtain something from somewhere

thêm

thêm — More, additional, or to add something extra

đưa

đưa — To give, hand over, or bring to someone

vào

vào — Into, enter, or to go inside something

bên

bên — Side, beside, or party; next to something

dưới

dưới — Below, under, or beneath something in position

bao

bao — To include, how much, or bag; encompassing

gồm

gồm — To include or comprise; consist of certain elements

quyên

quyên — To donate or collect funds for a cause

góp

góp — To contribute or donate; add to a collection

Quỹ

quỹ — Fund or foundation; pool of financial resources

Lưu

lưu — To save, archive, or preserve something important

trữ

trữ — To store or reserve; accumulate for future use

học

học — To study or learn; academic or scholarly pursuit

một

một — One or a; indefinite article or number one

tổ

tổ — Organization, nest, or ancestor; group or team

chức

chức — Organization or position; to organize or hold rank

Mã

mã — Code, number, or symbol identifying something specific

số

số — Number or figure; numerical value or quantity

Nhận

nhận — To receive, recognize, or accept something given

dạng

dạng — Form, type, or shape of something; appearance

Nhân

nhân — Person, employee, or multiply; human or personnel

viên

viên — Employee, member, or staff person in organization

Tiêu

tiêu — Title, header, or to spend; consume or label

Tác

tác — Author or creator; used in 'tác giả' meaning author

Ngày

ngày — Day or date; unit of time equal to 24 hours

phát

phát — To release, issue, or emit; distribute something

hành

hành — To act, travel, or execute; carry out an action

Tháng

tháng — Month; unit of time comprising about 30 days

Hai

hai — Two or February; second number or second month

Vâng

vâng — Yes; polite affirmative response showing respect

đi

đi — To go, walk, or imperative softening particle

kế

kế — Plan, next, or strategy; following in sequence

hoạch

hoạch — Plan or scheme; used in 'kế hoạch' meaning plan

khoảng

khoảng — About, approximately, or space between two points

năm

năm — Year or five; time period of twelve months

thực

thực — Real, actual, or food; truly or in practice

tế

tế — Practical or actual; used in 'thực tế' meaning reality

đăng

đăng — To post, publish, or register something officially

lần

lần — Time, instance, or turn; occurrence of an event

Phiên

phiên — Session, version, or turn; instance of something

Ngôn

ngôn — Language or speech; used in 'ngôn ngữ' meaning language

Tiếng

tiếng — Language, sound, or voice; spoken language name

Anh

anh — English, England, or older brother; male pronoun

Tệp

tệp — File or document stored on a computer system

nên

nên — Should, ought to, or therefore; recommendation particle

đặt

đặt — To place, set, or name; assign a designation

tên

tên — Name of a person, place, or thing