Leviathan — Page 8
For by Art is created that great LEVIATHAN called a COMMON-WEALTH, or STATE, (in latine CIVITAS) which is but an Artificiall Man; though of greater stature and strength than the Naturall, for whose protection and defence it was intended; and in which, the Soveraignty is an Artificiall Soul, as giving life and motion to the whole body;
Denn durch die Kunst wird jener große LEVIATHAN erschaffen, der GEMEINWESEN oder STAAT genannt wird (lateinisch CIVITAS), welcher nichts anderes ist als ein Künstlicher Mensch; obwohl von größerem Wuchs und stärkerer Kraft als der Natürliche, zu dessen Schutz und Verteidigung er bestimmt war; und in welchem die Souveränität eine Künstliche Seele ist, indem sie dem ganzen Körper Leben und Bewegung verleiht;
The Magistrates, and other Officers of Judicature and Execution, artificiall Joynts; Reward and Punishment (by which fastned to the seat of the Soveraignty, every joynt and member is moved to performe his duty) are the Nerves, that do the same in the Body Naturall;
Die Magistrate und anderen Beamten der Rechtsprechung und Vollstreckung sind künstliche Gelenke; Belohnung und Strafe (durch welche, an den Sitz der Souveränität gebunden, jedes Gelenk und Glied bewogen wird, seine Pflicht zu erfüllen) sind die Nerven, die dasselbe im Natürlichen Körper bewirken;
The Wealth and Riches of all the particular members, are the Strength; Salus Populi (the Peoples Safety) its Businesse; Counsellors, by whom all things needfull for it to know, are suggested unto it, are the Memory; Equity and Lawes, an artificiall Reason and Will; Concord, Health; Sedition, Sicknesse; and Civill War, Death.
Der Wohlstand und Reichtum aller einzelnen Glieder ist die Stärke; Salus Populi (die Sicherheit des Volkes) sein Geschäft; die Ratgeber, durch welche ihm alles, was es zu wissen bedarf, vorgebracht wird, sind das Gedächtnis; Billigkeit und Gesetze eine künstliche Vernunft und ein künstlicher Wille; Eintracht ist Gesundheit; Aufruhr ist Krankheit; und der Bürgerkrieg ist der Tod.
Lastly, the Pacts and Covenants, by which the parts of this Body Politique were at first made, set together, and united, resemble that Fiat, or the Let Us Make Man, pronounced by God in the Creation.
Schließlich ähneln die Pakte und Verträge, durch welche die Teile dieses Politischen Körpers zunächst gebildet, zusammengefügt und vereinigt wurden, jenem Fiat, oder dem Lasset Uns den Menschen Machen, das Gott bei der Schöpfung ausgesprochen hat.
To describe the Nature of this Artificiall man, I will consider
Um die Natur dieses Künstlichen Menschen zu beschreiben, werde ich betrachten
First the Matter thereof, and the Artificer; both which is Man.
Erstens den Stoff desselben und den Schöpfer; beides ist der Mensch.
Secondly, How, and by what Covenants it is made; what are the Rights and just Power or Authority of a Soveraigne; and what it is that Preserveth and Dissolveth it.
Zweitens, wie und durch welche Verträge es gebildet wird; was die Rechte und die rechtmäßige Macht oder Autorität eines Souveräns sind; und was es ist, das es erhält und auflöst.
Thirdly, what is a Christian Common-Wealth.
Drittens, was ein Christliches Gemeinwesen ist.
Vocabulary
- Denn
- Conjunction meaning 'because' or 'for'
- durch
- Preposition meaning 'through' or 'by means of'
- die
- Definite article or relative pronoun, feminine/plural
- Kunst
- Art, skill, or craft of human making
- wird
- Third-person singular present of 'werden', becomes or is
- jener
- Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' or 'that one'
- große
- Adjective meaning great, large, or significant
- erschaffen
- To create or bring something into existence
- der
- Definite article or relative pronoun, masculine singular
- GEMEINWESEN
- Commonwealth or body politic; organized political community
- oder
- Coordinating conjunction meaning 'or'
- STAAT
- The state; organized political unit with sovereignty
- genannt
- Past participle of 'nennen'; called or named
- lateinisch
- Adjective meaning 'Latin', relating to the Latin language
- welcher
- Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'who'
- nichts
- Pronoun meaning 'nothing' or 'not anything'
- anderes
- Adjective/pronoun meaning 'other' or 'different'
- ist
- Third-person singular present of 'sein'; is
- als
- Conjunction or particle meaning 'than', 'as', or 'when'
- ein
- Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'
- Künstlicher
- Adjective meaning artificial, man-made, or constructed
- Mensch
- Human being, person, or mankind
- obwohl
- Subordinating conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'
- von
- Preposition meaning 'from', 'of', or 'by'
- größerem
- Comparative adjective meaning 'greater' or 'larger'
- Wuchs
- Stature, growth, or physical build of a figure
- und
- Coordinating conjunction meaning 'and'
- stärkerer
- Comparative adjective meaning 'stronger' or 'more powerful'
- Kraft
- Strength, power, or force
- Natürliche
- Adjective meaning natural, as opposed to artificial
- zu
- Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'for'
- dessen
- Genitive pronoun meaning 'whose' or 'of which'
- Schutz
- Protection or shelter provided against harm
- Verteidigung
- Defense or protection against attack or threat
- er
- Third-person singular masculine pronoun meaning 'he'
- bestimmt
- Determined, destined, or designated for a purpose
- war
- Past tense of 'sein'; was
- in
- Preposition meaning 'in', 'into', or 'within'
- welchem
- Relative pronoun dative meaning 'in which' or 'whom'
- Souveränität
- Sovereignty; supreme authority within a political body
- eine
- Indefinite article feminine meaning 'a' or 'an'
- Künstliche
- Artificial, man-made, not occurring naturally
- Seele
- Soul or animating spirit of a being
- indem
- Conjunction meaning 'by', 'while', or 'as it'
- sie
- Third-person pronoun meaning 'she', 'they', or 'it'
- dem
- Definite article dative masculine/neuter meaning 'the'
- ganzen
- Adjective meaning 'whole', 'entire', or 'complete'
- Körper
- Body; physical form of a person or organism
- Leben
- Life; the condition of being alive
- Bewegung
- Movement, motion, or political movement
- verleiht
- Third-person singular of 'verleihen'; grants or bestows
- Die
- Definite article plural/feminine meaning 'the'
- Magistrate
- Magistrates; local judicial or administrative officials
- anderen
- Other, different, or the others
- Beamten
- Officials or civil servants in public administration
- Rechtsprechung
- Jurisdiction or administration of justice by courts
- Vollstreckung
- Enforcement or execution of legal judgments and orders
- sind
- Third-person plural present of 'sein'; are
- künstliche
- Artificial, fabricated, or synthetic rather than natural
- Gelenke
- Joints; connective parts enabling movement in a body
- Belohnung
- Reward or compensation given for good conduct
- Strafe
- Punishment or penalty imposed for wrongdoing
- welche
- Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'who' (plural/fem.)
- an
- Preposition meaning 'at', 'on', or 'to'
- den
- Definite article accusative masculine meaning 'the'
- Sitz
- Seat, residence, or location of authority
- gebunden
- Bound, tied, or attached to something
- jedes
- Indefinite pronoun meaning 'every' or 'each'
- Gelenk
- Joint; a point connecting two parts enabling movement
- Glied
- Member or limb; part of a larger body or group
- bewogen
- Past participle of 'bewegen'; moved or motivated to act
- seine
- Possessive pronoun meaning 'his' or 'its'
- Pflicht
- Duty, obligation, or responsibility one must fulfill
- erfüllen
- To fulfill, carry out, or satisfy an obligation
- Nerven
- Nerves; fibers transmitting signals in a body
- dasselbe
- The same; referring to the identical thing mentioned
- im
- Contraction of 'in dem'; in the
- Natürlichen
- In the natural; relating to nature as opposed to artifice
- bewirken
- To bring about, cause, or produce an effect
- Der
- Definite article masculine nominative meaning 'the'
- Wohlstand
- Prosperity, welfare, or well-being of people
- Reichtum
- Wealth, richness, or abundance of resources
- aller
- Genitive plural of 'all'; of all members or things
- einzelnen
- Individual, single, or separate members of a group
- Glieder
- Members or limbs; plural of Glied
- Stärke
- Strength, power, or degree of force
- Sicherheit
- Safety, security, or certainty from harm
- des
- Definite article genitive masculine/neuter meaning 'of the'
- Volkes
- Genitive of 'Volk'; of the people or nation
- sein
- To be; or possessive pronoun 'his/its'
- Geschäft
- Business, task, or affair to be conducted
- Ratgeber
- Adviser or counselor who provides guidance
- ihm
- Dative pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it'
- alles
- Pronoun meaning 'everything' or 'all things'
- was
- Relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'that which'
- es
- Third-person neuter pronoun meaning 'it'
- wissen
- To know; to have knowledge of facts
- bedarf
- Third-person singular of 'bedürfen'; needs or requires
- vorgebracht
- Past participle of 'vorbringen'; presented or submitted
- das
- Definite article neuter meaning 'the'
- Gedächtnis
- Memory; the faculty of retaining information
- Billigkeit
- Equity or fairness in legal and moral judgment
- Gesetze
- Laws; rules enacted by a governing authority
- Vernunft
- Reason; rational faculty of human thought
- künstlicher
- Artificial, man-made, or synthetically constructed
- Wille
- Will; the faculty of deliberate choice and intention
- Eintracht
- Concord, harmony, or unity among people
- Gesundheit
- Health; state of physical and social well-being
- Aufruhr
- Rebellion, uproar, or civil unrest
- Krankheit
- Illness, disease, or sickness affecting a body
- Bürgerkrieg
- Civil war; armed conflict within the same state
- Tod
- Death; the end of life or existence
- Schließlich
- Finally, ultimately, or in conclusion
- ähneln
- To resemble or be similar to something else
- Pakte
- Pacts or agreements made between parties
- Verträge
- Contracts or treaties; formal binding agreements
- Teile
- Parts, portions, or components of a whole
- dieses
- Demonstrative article meaning 'this' (genitive/neuter)
- Politischen
- Political; relating to governance and public affairs
- zunächst
- First of all, initially, or at first
- gebildet
- Formed, educated, or constituted into a structure
- zusammengefügt
- Joined together or assembled into a unified whole
- vereinigt
- United or combined into a single entity
- wurden
- Past tense plural of 'werden'; were or became
- jenem
- Demonstrative pronoun dative meaning 'that' or 'to that'
- Uns
- First-person plural pronoun meaning 'us'
- Menschen
- Human beings; plural of Mensch
- Machen
- To make or do; infinitive used as a noun here
- Gott
- God; the divine creator in religious tradition
- bei
- Preposition meaning 'at', 'with', or 'during'
- Schöpfung
- Creation; the act of bringing the world into existence
- ausgesprochen
- Past participle of 'aussprechen'; uttered or pronounced
- hat
- Third-person singular of 'haben'; has
- Um
- Preposition meaning 'in order to', 'around', or 'at'
- Natur
- Nature; the natural world or inherent character
- Künstlichen
- Genitive of 'künstlich'; of the artificial
- beschreiben
- To describe or depict in words
- werde
- First-person singular of 'werden'; will or shall
- ich
- First-person singular pronoun meaning 'I'
- betrachten
- To consider, examine, or observe carefully
- Erstens
- Firstly; used to introduce the first point
- Stoff
- Material, matter, or substance something is made of
- desselben
- Genitive of 'derselbe'; of the same thing
- Schöpfer
- Creator; one who brings something into existence
- beides
- Pronoun meaning 'both'; referring to two things
- Zweitens
- Secondly; used to introduce the second point
- wie
- Conjunction or adverb meaning 'how' or 'as'
- Rechte
- Rights or laws; entitlements held by persons
- rechtmäßige
- Legitimate, lawful, or rightful
- Macht
- Power, authority, or might
- Autorität
- Authority; recognized power to command or decide
- eines
- Indefinite article genitive meaning 'of a'
- Souveräns
- Genitive of 'Souverän'; of the sovereign ruler
- erhält
- Third-person singular of 'erhalten'; receives or maintains
- auflöst
- Third-person singular of 'auflösen'; dissolves or disbands
- Drittens
- Thirdly; used to introduce the third point
- Christliches
- Christian; relating to Christianity or its institutions
- Gemeinwesen
- Commonwealth or community; organized political body
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