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Leviathan — Page 5

English → Spanish Preface Level 9/10

If notwithstanding this, you find my labour generally decryed, you may be pleased to excuse your selfe, and say that I am a man that love my own opinions, and think all true I say, that I honoured your Brother, and honour you, and have presum'd on that, to assume the Title (without your knowledge) of being, as I am,

Si a pesar de esto, encontráis que mi labor es generalmente menospreciada, podréis tener a bien disculparos, y decir que soy un hombre que ama sus propias opiniones, y que cree verdadero todo lo que dice, que honré a vuestro Hermano, y os honro a vos, y me he atrevido en virtud de ello, a asumir el Título (sin vuestro conocimiento) de ser, como soy,

Sir,

Señor,

Your most humble, and most obedient servant, Thomas Hobbes.

Vuestro más humilde y más obediente servidor, Thomas Hobbes.

Paris APRILL 15/25 1651.

París, ABRIL 15/25 de 1651.

CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTERS

CONTENIDO DE LOS CAPÍTULOS

THE FIRST PART

LA PRIMERA PARTE

OF MAN

DEL HOMBRE

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCCIÓN

1. OF SENSE

1. DEL SENTIDO

2. OF IMAGINATION

2. DE LA IMAGINACIÓN

3. OF THE CONSEQUENCES OR TRAIN OF IMAGINATIONS

3. DE LAS CONSECUENCIAS O CADENA DE IMAGINACIONES

4. OF SPEECH

4. DEL LENGUAJE

5. OF REASON AND SCIENCE

5. DE LA RAZÓN Y LA CIENCIA

6. OF THE INTERIOUR BEGINNINGS OF VOLUNTARY MOTIONS, COMMONLY CALLED THE PASSIONS; AND THE SPEECHES BY WHICH THEY ARE EXPRESSED

6. DE LOS ORÍGENES INTERIORES DE LOS MOVIMIENTOS VOLUNTARIOS, COMÚNMENTE LLAMADOS LAS PASIONES; Y LOS DISCURSOS POR LOS QUE SE EXPRESAN

7. OF THE ENDS OR RESOLUTIONS OF DISCOURSE

7. DE LOS FINES O RESOLUCIONES DEL DISCURSO

8. OF THE VERTUES, COMMONLY CALLED INTELLECTUALL, AND THEIR CONTRARY DEFECTS

8. DE LAS VIRTUDES, COMÚNMENTE LLAMADAS INTELECTUALES, Y SUS CONTRARIOS DEFECTOS

9. OF THE SEVERALL SUBJECTS OF KNOWLEDGE

9. DE LOS DIVERSOS TEMAS DEL CONOCIMIENTO

10. OF POWER, WORTH, DIGNITY, HONOUR, AND WORTHINESSE

10. DEL PODER, EL VALOR, LA DIGNIDAD, EL HONOR Y EL MÉRITO

11. OF THE DIFFERENCE OF MANNERS

11. DE LA DIFERENCIA DE COSTUMBRES

12. OF RELIGION

12. DE LA RELIGIÓN

13. OF THE NATURALL CONDITION OF MANKIND AS CONCERNING THEIR FELICITY AND MISERY

13. DE LA CONDICIÓN NATURAL DE LA HUMANIDAD EN LO QUE RESPECTA A SU FELICIDAD Y SU MISERIA

14. OF THE FIRST AND SECOND NATURALL LAWES, AND OF CONTRACT

14. DE LA PRIMERA Y SEGUNDA LEYES NATURALES, Y DEL CONTRATO

15. OF OTHER LAWES OF NATURE

15. DE OTRAS LEYES DE LA NATURALEZA

16. OF PERSONS, AUTHORS, AND THINGS PERSONATED

16. DE LAS PERSONAS, LOS AUTORES Y LAS COSAS PERSONIFICADAS

THE SECOND PART

LA SEGUNDA PARTE

OF COMMON-WEALTH

DEL ESTADO

17. OF THE CAUSES, GENERATION, AND DEFINITION OF A COMMON-WEALTH

17. DE LAS CAUSAS, LA GÉNESIS Y LA DEFINICIÓN DE UN ESTADO

18. OF THE RIGHTS OF SOVERAIGNES BY INSTITUTION

18. DE LOS DERECHOS DE LOS SOBERANOS POR INSTITUCIÓN

19. OF SEVERALL KINDS OF COMMON-WEALTH BY INSTITUTION; AND OF SUCCESION TO THE SOVERAIGN POWER

19. DE LOS DIVERSOS TIPOS DE ESTADO POR INSTITUCIÓN; Y DE LA SUCESIÓN AL PODER SOBERANO

20.

20.

Vocabulary

Si
Conjunction meaning 'if' or 'whether' in Spanish.
a
Preposition meaning 'to' or 'at' in Spanish.
pesar
To weigh; also used in 'a pesar de' meaning 'despite'.
de
Preposition meaning 'of,' 'from,' or 'about'.
esto
Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this thing' or 'this'.
encontráis
Second person plural form of 'encontrar,' meaning 'you find'.
que
Conjunction or relative pronoun meaning 'that' or 'which'.
mi
Possessive adjective meaning 'my' in Spanish.
labor
Work, task, or labor performed by someone.
es
Third person singular of 'ser,' meaning 'is'.
generalmente
Adverb meaning 'generally' or 'in most cases'.
menospreciada
Adjective meaning 'undervalued,' 'despised,' or 'looked down upon'.
podréis
Future tense second person plural of 'poder,' meaning 'you will be able'.
tener
Infinitive verb meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.
bien
Adverb or noun meaning 'well,' 'good,' or 'fine'.
disculparos
Reflexive verb form meaning 'to excuse yourselves' or 'apologize'.
y
Conjunction meaning 'and,' connecting words or clauses.
decir
Infinitive verb meaning 'to say' or 'to tell'.
soy
First person singular of 'ser,' meaning 'I am'.
un
Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' in Spanish.
hombre
Noun meaning 'man' or 'human being'.
ama
Third person singular of 'amar,' meaning 'loves' or 'cherishes'.
sus
Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' 'their,' or 'your'.
propias
Adjective meaning 'own' or 'one's own,' feminine plural form.
opiniones
Noun meaning 'opinions' or 'views' held by someone.
cree
Third person singular of 'creer,' meaning 'believes' or 'thinks'.
verdadero
Adjective meaning 'true,' 'real,' or 'genuine'.
todo
Adjective or pronoun meaning 'all,' 'everything,' or 'every'.
lo
Neuter article or object pronoun meaning 'it' or 'the'.
dice
Third person singular of 'decir,' meaning 'says' or 'tells'.
honré
First person singular preterite of 'honrar,' meaning 'I honored'.
vuestro
Possessive adjective meaning 'your' (plural, formal in some regions).
Hermano
Noun meaning 'brother,' sometimes used as a fraternal address.
os
Second person plural reflexive or object pronoun meaning 'you' or 'yourselves'.
honro
First person singular present of 'honrar,' meaning 'I honor'.
vos
Second person pronoun meaning 'you,' used formally or regionally.
me
First person singular object pronoun meaning 'me' or 'myself'.
he
First person singular auxiliary 'haber,' meaning 'I have' (perfect tense).
atrevido
Past participle of 'atreverse,' meaning 'dared' or 'bold'.
en
Preposition meaning 'in,' 'on,' or 'at' in Spanish.
virtud
Noun meaning 'virtue'; also used in 'en virtud de' meaning 'by virtue of'.
ello
Neuter pronoun meaning 'it' referring to a situation or concept.
asumir
Infinitive verb meaning 'to assume' or 'to take on'.
el
Definite article meaning 'the' for masculine singular nouns.
Título
Noun meaning 'title,' a name or designation of rank.
sin
Preposition meaning 'without' in Spanish.
conocimiento
Noun meaning 'knowledge,' 'awareness,' or 'understanding'.
ser
Infinitive verb meaning 'to be,' indicating identity or essence.
como
Conjunction or adverb meaning 'as,' 'like,' or 'how'.
Señor
Noun meaning 'mister,' 'lord,' or 'sir,' a title of respect.
Vuestro
Possessive adjective meaning 'your' in plural or formal address.
más
Adverb or adjective meaning 'more' or 'most' in comparisons.
humilde
Adjective meaning 'humble,' 'modest,' or 'unassuming'.
obediente
Adjective meaning 'obedient' or 'compliant' in behavior.
servidor
Noun meaning 'servant' or 'server,' one who serves another.
ABRIL
Noun meaning 'April,' the fourth month of the year.
CONTENIDO
Noun meaning 'contents' or 'table of contents' of a text.
DE
Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from,' used in titles here.
LOS
Definite article meaning 'the' for masculine plural nouns.
CAPÍTULOS
Noun meaning 'chapters,' major divisions of a book or text.
LA
Definite article meaning 'the' for feminine singular nouns.
PRIMERA
Adjective meaning 'first,' feminine form indicating order or sequence.
PARTE
Noun meaning 'part' or 'section' of a larger work.
DEL
Contraction of 'de' and 'el,' meaning 'of the'.
HOMBRE
Noun meaning 'man' or 'mankind,' referring to humanity broadly.
INTRODUCCIÓN
Noun meaning 'introduction,' an opening section of a text.
SENTIDO
Noun meaning 'sense,' referring to perception or meaning.
IMAGINACIÓN
Noun meaning 'imagination,' the faculty of forming mental images.
LAS
Definite article meaning 'the' for feminine plural nouns.
CONSECUENCIAS
Noun meaning 'consequences' or 'results' of actions or thoughts.
O
Conjunction meaning 'or,' presenting an alternative option.
CADENA
Noun meaning 'chain,' here used metaphorically for a sequence.
IMAGINACIONES
Noun meaning 'imaginations' or 'mental images,' plural of imaginación.
LENGUAJE
Noun meaning 'language' or 'speech' as a system of communication.
RAZÓN
Noun meaning 'reason,' the faculty of logical thought.
Y
Conjunction meaning 'and,' connecting words or phrases.
CIENCIA
Noun meaning 'science' or 'knowledge,' systematic study of the world.
ORÍGENES
Noun meaning 'origins' or 'beginnings' of something.
INTERIORES
Adjective meaning 'interior' or 'inner,' referring to internal aspects.
MOVIMIENTOS
Noun meaning 'movements,' physical or internal motions.
VOLUNTARIOS
Adjective meaning 'voluntary,' done by one's own free will.
COMÚNMENTE
Adverb meaning 'commonly' or 'usually,' in most cases.
LLAMADOS
Past participle of 'llamar,' meaning 'called' or 'named'.
PASIONES
Noun meaning 'passions,' strong emotions or desires driving behavior.
DISCURSOS
Noun meaning 'discourses' or 'speeches,' extended verbal expressions.
POR
Preposition meaning 'by,' 'for,' or 'through' in Spanish.
QUE
Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that,' 'which,' or 'who'.
SE
Reflexive pronoun used in passive or reflexive constructions in Spanish.
EXPRESAN
Third person plural of 'expresar,' meaning 'they express' or 'are expressed'.
FINES
Noun meaning 'ends,' 'goals,' or 'purposes' of an action.
RESOLUCIONES
Noun meaning 'resolutions' or 'decisions' made after deliberation.
DISCURSO
Noun meaning 'discourse' or 'speech,' a formal verbal expression.
VIRTUDES
Noun meaning 'virtues,' positive moral qualities or excellences.
LLAMADAS
Past participle feminine plural of 'llamar,' meaning 'called' or 'named'.
INTELECTUALES
Adjective meaning 'intellectual,' relating to the mind or reason.
SUS
Possessive adjective meaning 'their,' 'his,' 'her,' or 'its'.
CONTRARIOS
Noun or adjective meaning 'opposites' or 'contrary' qualities.
DEFECTOS
Noun meaning 'defects,' 'faults,' or 'shortcomings' in character.
DIVERSOS
Adjective meaning 'diverse,' 'various,' or 'several' in number.
TEMAS
Noun meaning 'themes' or 'topics' discussed in a text.
CONOCIMIENTO
Noun meaning 'knowledge' or 'understanding' acquired through learning.
PODER
Noun or verb meaning 'power' or 'to be able to'.
EL
Definite article meaning 'the' for masculine singular nouns.
VALOR
Noun meaning 'value,' 'worth,' or 'courage' depending on context.
DIGNIDAD
Noun meaning 'dignity,' the quality of being worthy or honorable.
HONOR
Noun meaning 'honor,' high respect and esteem given to someone.
MÉRITO
Noun meaning 'merit,' the quality of deserving praise or reward.
DIFERENCIA
Noun meaning 'difference,' a distinction between two or more things.
COSTUMBRES
Noun meaning 'customs' or 'habits,' established social practices.
RELIGIÓN
Noun meaning 'religion,' a system of faith and worship.
CONDICIÓN
Noun meaning 'condition' or 'state,' circumstances of existence.
NATURAL
Adjective meaning 'natural,' existing in or caused by nature.
HUMANIDAD
Noun meaning 'humanity' or 'humankind,' all human beings collectively.
EN
Preposition meaning 'in' or 'on,' indicating location or state.
LO
Neuter article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'it' in Spanish.
RESPECTA
Third person singular of 'respectar,' meaning 'concerns' or 'relates to'.
A
Preposition meaning 'to' or 'at,' indicating direction or relation.
SU
Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' 'its,' or 'their'.
FELICIDAD
Noun meaning 'happiness' or 'felicity,' a state of well-being.
MISERIA
Noun meaning 'misery' or 'wretchedness,' a state of great suffering.
SEGUNDA
Adjective meaning 'second,' feminine form indicating order.
LEYES
Noun meaning 'laws,' rules established by authority or nature.
NATURALES
Adjective meaning 'natural,' pertaining to or derived from nature.
CONTRATO
Noun meaning 'contract,' a formal binding agreement between parties.
OTRAS
Adjective meaning 'other' or 'others,' feminine plural form.
NATURALEZA
Noun meaning 'nature,' the physical world or inherent character.
PERSONAS
Noun meaning 'persons' or 'people,' individual human beings.
AUTORES
Noun meaning 'authors' or 'originators,' those who create or authorize.
COSAS
Noun meaning 'things,' objects or matters of any kind.
PERSONIFICADAS
Adjective meaning 'personified,' represented as having human characteristics.
ESTADO
Noun meaning 'state,' a political community or condition of being.
CAUSAS
Noun meaning 'causes,' reasons or origins behind events or effects.
GÉNESIS
Noun meaning 'genesis' or 'origin,' the beginning or creation of something.
DEFINICIÓN
Noun meaning 'definition,' an explanation of a word or concept.
UN
Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' for masculine nouns.
DERECHOS
Noun meaning 'rights,' entitlements belonging to individuals or groups.
SOBERANOS
Adjective or noun meaning 'sovereign,' supreme rulers or ruling authority.
INSTITUCIÓN
Noun meaning 'institution,' an established organization or foundational act.
TIPOS
Noun meaning 'types' or 'kinds,' categories of a broader group.
SUCESIÓN
Noun meaning 'succession,' the process of following or inheriting power.
AL
Contraction of 'a' and 'el,' meaning 'to the'.
SOBERANO
Noun meaning 'sovereign,' a supreme ruler of a state.
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