Leviathan — Page 9
Lastly, what is the Kingdome of Darkness.
Por último, qué es el Reino de las Tinieblas.
Concerning the first, there is a saying much usurped of late, That Wisedome is acquired, not by reading of Books, but of Men.
Con respecto a lo primero, hay un dicho muy usurpado últimamente, que dice que la Sabiduría se adquiere, no leyendo Libros, sino leyendo a los Hombres.
Consequently whereunto, those persons, that for the most part can give no other proof of being wise, take great delight to shew what they think they have read in men, by uncharitable censures of one another behind their backs.
En consecuencia, aquellas personas que en su mayor parte no pueden dar otra prueba de ser sabias, se deleitan enormemente en mostrar lo que creen haber leído en los hombres, mediante censuras despiadadas los unos de los otros a sus espaldas.
But there is another saying not of late understood, by which they might learn truly to read one another, if they would take the pains; and that is, Nosce Teipsum, Read Thy Self: which was not meant, as it is now used, to countenance, either the barbarous state of men in power, towards their inferiors; or to encourage men of low degree, to a sawcie behaviour towards their betters;
Pero hay otro dicho que no ha sido comprendido últimamente, mediante el cual podrían aprender verdaderamente a leerse los unos a los otros, si se tomaran la molestia; y ese dicho es, Nosce Teipsum, Conócete a Ti Mismo: lo cual no pretendía, como se usa ahora, favorecer ni el estado bárbaro de los hombres en el poder hacia sus inferiores, ni alentar a los hombres de baja condición a una conducta impertinente hacia sus superiores;
But to teach us, that for the similitude of the thoughts, and Passions of one man, to the thoughts, and Passions of another, whosoever looketh into himselfe, and considereth what he doth, when he does Think, Opine, Reason, Hope, Feare, &c, and upon what grounds; he shall thereby read and know, what are the thoughts, and Passions of all other men, upon the like occasions.
Sino para enseñarnos que, dada la semejanza de los pensamientos y las Pasiones de un hombre con los pensamientos y las Pasiones de otro, cualquiera que se mire a sí mismo y considere lo que hace cuando Piensa, Opina, Razona, Espera, Teme, etc., y sobre qué bases; podrá así leer y conocer cuáles son los pensamientos y las Pasiones de todos los demás hombres en ocasiones semejantes.
Vocabulary
- Por
- Preposition meaning 'for,' 'by,' or 'through.'
- último
- Last or final in a sequence or order.
- qué
- Interrogative or exclamatory word meaning 'what.'
- es
- Third-person singular present of 'ser,' meaning 'is.'
- el
- Definite article meaning 'the' for masculine nouns.
- Reino
- Kingdom or realm ruled by a monarch.
- de
- Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from.'
- las
- Definite article 'the' for feminine plural nouns.
- Tinieblas
- Darkness or shadows, often with sinister connotation.
- Con
- Preposition meaning 'with.'
- respecto
- Regard or reference to a particular matter.
- a
- Preposition meaning 'to' or 'at.'
- lo
- Neuter article or pronoun referring to abstract concepts.
- primero
- First in order, rank, or importance.
- hay
- Impersonal verb form meaning 'there is/are.'
- un
- Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an.'
- dicho
- Saying or proverb commonly known and repeated.
- muy
- Adverb meaning 'very,' intensifying adjectives or adverbs.
- usurpado
- Seized or misappropriated without rightful claim.
- últimamente
- Recently or lately, in the most recent period.
- que
- Conjunction or relative pronoun meaning 'that' or 'which.'
- dice
- Third-person singular of 'decir,' meaning 'says.'
- la
- Definite article 'the' for feminine singular nouns.
- Sabiduría
- Wisdom or deep knowledge acquired through experience.
- se
- Reflexive pronoun used with reflexive or passive constructions.
- adquiere
- Third-person singular of 'adquirir,' meaning 'acquires.'
- no
- Negation word meaning 'no' or 'not.'
- leyendo
- Gerund of 'leer,' meaning 'reading.'
- Libros
- Books, written works containing knowledge or stories.
- sino
- Conjunction meaning 'but rather' or 'but instead.'
- los
- Definite article 'the' for masculine plural nouns.
- Hombres
- Men or human beings in general.
- En
- Preposition meaning 'in,' 'on,' or 'at.'
- consecuencia
- Consequence or result following from a cause.
- aquellas
- Demonstrative adjective meaning 'those' for feminine plural.
- personas
- Persons or individuals; people in general.
- en
- Preposition meaning 'in' or 'on.'
- su
- Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' 'their,' or 'your.'
- mayor
- Greater, larger, or older; comparative of 'grande.'
- parte
- Part, portion, or share of a whole.
- pueden
- Third-person plural of 'poder,' meaning 'they can.'
- dar
- Infinitive meaning 'to give.'
- otra
- Feminine form of 'otro,' meaning 'another' or 'other.'
- prueba
- Proof, evidence, or test of something.
- ser
- Infinitive meaning 'to be' (permanent or essential state).
- sabias
- Wise women; feminine plural adjective meaning 'wise.'
- deleitan
- Third-person plural of 'deleitar,' meaning 'they delight.'
- enormemente
- Enormously or greatly; to a very large degree.
- mostrar
- Infinitive meaning 'to show' or 'to display.'
- creen
- Third-person plural of 'creer,' meaning 'they believe.'
- haber
- Auxiliary infinitive meaning 'to have' in compound tenses.
- leído
- Past participle of 'leer,' meaning 'read.'
- hombres
- Men or people; plural of 'hombre.'
- mediante
- Preposition meaning 'by means of' or 'through.'
- censuras
- Censures or harsh criticisms directed at someone.
- despiadadas
- Merciless or ruthless; without pity or compassion.
- unos
- Indefinite article/pronoun meaning 'some' (masculine plural).
- otros
- Others; referring to different people or things.
- sus
- Possessive adjective meaning 'their,' 'his,' or 'her' (plural).
- espaldas
- Backs (of the body); plural of 'espalda.'
- Pero
- Conjunction meaning 'but,' introducing contrast or exception.
- otro
- Another or other; referring to a different one.
- ha
- Third-person singular auxiliary 'has' for compound tenses.
- sido
- Past participle of 'ser,' meaning 'been.'
- comprendido
- Past participle of 'comprender,' meaning 'understood.'
- cual
- Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'who.'
- podrían
- Conditional form of 'poder,' meaning 'they could.'
- aprender
- Infinitive meaning 'to learn.'
- verdaderamente
- Truly or genuinely; in a truthful manner.
- leerse
- Reflexive infinitive of 'leer,' meaning 'to be read.'
- si
- Conjunction meaning 'if,' introducing conditional clauses.
- tomaran
- Past subjunctive of 'tomar,' meaning 'if they took.'
- molestia
- Trouble or bother; effort taken for a purpose.
- y
- Conjunction meaning 'and.'
- ese
- Demonstrative adjective meaning 'that' (masculine singular).
- Conócete
- Reflexive imperative of 'conocer,' meaning 'know yourself.'
- Ti
- Prepositional pronoun meaning 'you' or 'yourself.'
- Mismo
- Adjective meaning 'same' or 'self,' emphasizing identity.
- pretendía
- Imperfect of 'pretender,' meaning 'intended' or 'claimed.'
- como
- Conjunction or adverb meaning 'as,' 'like,' or 'how.'
- usa
- Third-person singular of 'usar,' meaning 'uses.'
- ahora
- Adverb meaning 'now' or 'at this moment.
- favorecer
- Infinitive meaning 'to favor' or 'to support.'
- ni
- Conjunction meaning 'nor' or 'neither.'
- estado
- State or condition; also past participle of 'estar.'
- bárbaro
- Barbaric or uncivilized; crude and rough in behavior.
- poder
- Infinitive meaning 'to be able'; also 'power.'
- hacia
- Preposition meaning 'toward' or 'in the direction of.'
- inferiores
- Inferiors; those of lower rank or social status.
- alentar
- Infinitive meaning 'to encourage' or 'to inspire.'
- baja
- Low or inferior; feminine adjective meaning 'low.'
- condición
- Condition or social standing; state of being.
- una
- Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (feminine).
- conducta
- Conduct or behavior shown toward others.
- impertinente
- Impertinent or rude; disrespectfully forward in manner.
- superiores
- Superiors; those of higher rank or social standing.
- Sino
- Conjunction meaning 'but rather' or 'but instead.'
- para
- Preposition meaning 'for,' 'in order to,' or 'toward.'
- enseñarnos
- Reflexive infinitive meaning 'to teach us.'
- dada
- Given; feminine past participle of 'dar.'
- semejanza
- Resemblance or similarity between two things or people.
- pensamientos
- Thoughts or ideas occurring in the mind.
- Pasiones
- Passions or strong emotions driving human behavior.
- hombre
- Man or human being; singular of 'hombres.'
- con
- Preposition meaning 'with.'
- cualquiera
- Anyone or whichever; indefinite pronoun or adjective.
- mire
- Present subjunctive of 'mirar,' meaning 'look' or 'observe.'
- sí
- Reflexive pronoun meaning 'himself,' 'herself,' or 'itself.'
- mismo
- Same or self; used to emphasize identity or reflexivity.
- considere
- Present subjunctive of 'considerar,' meaning 'consider.'
- hace
- Third-person singular of 'hacer,' meaning 'does' or 'makes.'
- cuando
- Conjunction or adverb meaning 'when.'
- Piensa
- Third-person singular of 'pensar,' meaning 'thinks.'
- Opina
- Third-person singular of 'opinar,' meaning 'opines' or 'believes.'
- Razona
- Third-person singular of 'razonar,' meaning 'reasons.'
- Espera
- Third-person singular of 'esperar,' meaning 'hopes' or 'waits.'
- Teme
- Third-person singular of 'temer,' meaning 'fears.'
- sobre
- Preposition meaning 'on,' 'about,' or 'over.'
- bases
- Bases or foundations upon which something is built.
- podrá
- Future tense of 'poder,' meaning 'will be able.'
- así
- Adverb meaning 'thus,' 'so,' or 'in this way.'
- leer
- Infinitive meaning 'to read.'
- conocer
- Infinitive meaning 'to know' or 'to be acquainted with.'
- cuáles
- Interrogative pronoun meaning 'which ones' or 'what.'
- son
- Third-person plural of 'ser,' meaning 'they are.'
- todos
- All or everyone; masculine plural of 'todo.'
- demás
- The rest or the others; remaining people or things.
- ocasiones
- Occasions or opportunities; specific moments or instances.
- semejantes
- Similar or alike; resembling each other in nature.
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