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Leviathan — Page 2

English → Fr Preface Level 9/10

I have restricted my use of full capitalization to those places where Hobbes used it, except in the chapter headings, which I have fully capitalized, where Hobbes used a mixture of full capitalization and italics.

J'ai limité mon utilisation des majuscules intégrales aux endroits où Hobbes les utilisait, à l'exception des titres de chapitres, que j'ai entièrement mis en majuscules, là où Hobbes utilisait un mélange de majuscules intégrales et d'italiques.

Where it is clear that the italics are to indicate the text is quoting, I have introduced quotation marks.

Lorsqu'il est évident que les italiques indiquent que le texte est une citation, j'ai introduit des guillemets.

Within quotation marks I have retained the capitalization that Hobbes used.

À l'intérieur des guillemets, j'ai conservé les majuscules utilisées par Hobbes.

Where italics seem to be used for emphasis, or for proper names, or just because, I have capitalized the initial letter of the words.

Lorsque les italiques semblent être utilisées pour marquer l'emphase, pour des noms propres, ou simplement par habitude, j'ai mis en majuscule la lettre initiale des mots.

This has the disadvantage that they are not then distinguished from those that Hobbes capitalized in plain text, but the extent of his italics would make the text very ugly if I was to use an underscore or slash.

Cela présente l'inconvénient de ne pas les distinguer de ceux que Hobbes avait mis en majuscules dans le texte ordinaire, mais l'étendue de ses italiques rendrait le texte très laid si je devais utiliser un trait de soulignement ou une barre oblique.

Where the margin notes are either to introduce the paragraph subject, or to show where he introduces word definitions, I have included them as headers to the paragraph, again with all words having initial capitals, and on a shortened line.

Lorsque les notes de marge servent soit à introduire le sujet du paragraphe, soit à indiquer où il introduit des définitions de mots, je les ai incluses en tant qu'en-têtes du paragraphe, également avec une majuscule initiale pour tous les mots, et sur une ligne raccourcie.

For margin references to quotes, I have included them in the text, in brackets immediately next to the quotation.

Pour les références en marge relatives aux citations, je les ai incluses dans le texte, entre parenthèses immédiatement après la citation.

Where Hobbes included references in the main text, I have left them as he put them, except to change his square brackets to round.

Lorsque Hobbes incluait des références dans le texte principal, je les ai laissées telles qu'il les avait placées, à l'exception du remplacement de ses crochets par des parenthèses.

For the Greek alphabet, I have simply substituted the nearest ordinary letters that I can, and I have used initial capitals for foreign language words.

Pour l'alphabet grec, j'ai simplement substitué les lettres ordinaires les plus proches possible, et j'ai utilisé des majuscules initiales pour les mots en langue étrangère.

Vocabulary

ai
have (first person singular present tense)
limité
limited, restricted in scope or extent
mon
my (masculine singular possessive adjective)
utilisation
use, usage, or application of something
des
of the, some (plural partitive article)
majuscules
capital letters, uppercase letters
aux
to the, at the (contraction of à+les)
endroits
places, locations, or spots
where, in which (relative adverb)
les
the (plural definite article)
utilisait
used (third person singular imperfect tense)
exception
exception, case that does not follow rule
titres
titles, headlines, or headings of works
de
of, from (preposition indicating possession)
chapitres
chapters, major divisions of book or work
que
that, which (conjunction or relative pronoun)
entièrement
entirely, completely, wholly without exception
mis
put, placed (past participle of mettre)
en
in, on (preposition indicating location or state)
there, in that place or situation
un
a, an (masculine singular indefinite article)
mélange
mixture, blend, or combination of things
et
and (conjunction connecting words or phrases)
italiques
italics, slanted typeface for emphasis
Lorsqu
when (contraction of lorsque before vowel)
il
he, it (masculine singular personal pronoun)
est
is (third person singular present of être)
évident
evident, obvious, clear to understand
indiquent
indicate, point out, show (third person plural)
le
the (masculine singular definite article)
texte
text, written content or passage
une
a, an (feminine singular indefinite article)
citation
quotation, passage quoted from another source
introduit
introduces, brings in (third person singular)
guillemets
quotation marks, punctuation used for quotes
intérieur
interior, inside, inner part of something
conservé
preserved, kept, maintained in original state
utilisées
used (feminine plural past participle)
par
by, through (preposition indicating agent)
Lorsque
when, at the time that (conjunction)
semblent
seem, appear (third person plural present)
être
to be (infinitive of primary French verb)
pour
for, in order to (preposition of purpose)
marquer
mark, indicate, or denote something
emphase
emphasis, special importance or prominence
noms
names, nouns, or designations
propres
proper, own, suitable or appropriate
ou
or (conjunction offering alternative choices)
simplement
simply, merely, just without complication
habitude
habit, custom, regular practice or behavior
majuscule
capital letter, uppercase letter of alphabet
la
the (feminine singular definite article)
lettre
letter, character of alphabet or correspondence
initiale
initial, first letter or starting point
mots
words, units of language or vocabulary
Cela
that, this (demonstrative pronoun neuter)
présente
presents, offers, introduces (third person singular)
inconvénient
inconvenience, disadvantage, or drawback
ne
not (negative particle in French negation)
pas
not (negative particle completing negation)
distinguer
distinguish, differentiate, or tell apart
ceux
those, the ones (masculine plural demonstrative)
avait
had (third person singular imperfect tense)
dans
in, inside (preposition indicating location)
ordinaire
ordinary, usual, common or normal
mais
but, however (conjunction showing contrast)
étendue
extent, scope, or range of something
ses
his, her, its (possessive plural adjective)
rendrait
would make, would render (conditional tense)
très
very, to great degree or extent
laid
ugly, unattractive, or displeasing appearance
si
if, in case that (conditional conjunction)
je
I (first person singular personal pronoun)
devais
had to, was supposed to (conditional)
utiliser
use, employ, or apply something
trait
line, stroke, or dash in writing
barre
bar, stripe, or line across text
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