Leviathan — Page 5
If notwithstanding this, you find my labour generally decryed, you may be pleased to excuse your selfe, and say that I am a man that love my own opinions, and think all true I say, that I honoured your Brother, and honour you, and have presum'd on that, to assume the Title (without your knowledge) of being, as I am,
Si malgré cela, vous trouvez que mon travail est généralement décrié, vous pourrez bien vous excuser, et dire que je suis un homme qui aime ses propres opinions, et qui croit vraies toutes ses paroles, que j'ai honoré votre Frère, et vous honore, et me suis fondé sur cela pour prendre le titre (à votre insu) d'être, comme je le suis,
Sir,
Monsieur,
Your most humble, and most obedient servant, Thomas Hobbes.
Votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur, Thomas Hobbes.
Paris APRILL 15/25 1651.
Paris, AVRIL 15/25 1651.
CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTERS
TABLE DES CHAPITRES
THE FIRST PART
PREMIÈRE PARTIE
OF MAN
DE L'HOMME
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1. OF SENSE
1. DU SENS
2. OF IMAGINATION
2. DE L'IMAGINATION
3. OF THE CONSEQUENCES OR TRAIN OF IMAGINATIONS
3. DES CONSÉQUENCES OU ENCHAÎNEMENT DES IMAGINATIONS
4. OF SPEECH
4. DU LANGAGE
5. OF REASON AND SCIENCE
5. DE LA RAISON ET DE LA SCIENCE
6. OF THE INTERIOUR BEGINNINGS OF VOLUNTARY MOTIONS, COMMONLY CALLED THE PASSIONS; AND THE SPEECHES BY WHICH THEY ARE EXPRESSED
6. DES ORIGINES INTÉRIEURES DES MOUVEMENTS VOLONTAIRES, COMMUNÉMENT APPELÉES LES PASSIONS ; ET DES DISCOURS PAR LESQUELS ELLES S'EXPRIMENT
7. OF THE ENDS OR RESOLUTIONS OF DISCOURSE
7. DES FINS OU RÉSOLUTIONS DU DISCOURS
8. OF THE VERTUES, COMMONLY CALLED INTELLECTUALL, AND THEIR CONTRARY DEFECTS
8. DES VERTUS, COMMUNÉMENT APPELÉES INTELLECTUELLES, ET DE LEURS DÉFAUTS CONTRAIRES
9. OF THE SEVERALL SUBJECTS OF KNOWLEDGE
9. DES DIVERS SUJETS DE LA CONNAISSANCE
10. OF POWER, WORTH, DIGNITY, HONOUR, AND WORTHINESSE
10. DU POUVOIR, DE LA VALEUR, DE LA DIGNITÉ, DE L'HONNEUR ET DU MÉRITE
11. OF THE DIFFERENCE OF MANNERS
11. DE LA DIFFÉRENCE DES MŒURS
12. OF RELIGION
12. DE LA RELIGION
13. OF THE NATURALL CONDITION OF MANKIND AS CONCERNING THEIR FELICITY AND MISERY
13. DE LA CONDITION NATURELLE DE L'HUMANITÉ EN CE QUI CONCERNE SA FÉLICITÉ ET SA MISÈRE
14. OF THE FIRST AND SECOND NATURALL LAWES, AND OF CONTRACT
14. DES PREMIÈRE ET DEUXIÈME LOIS NATURELLES, ET DU CONTRAT
15. OF OTHER LAWES OF NATURE
15. DES AUTRES LOIS DE LA NATURE
16. OF PERSONS, AUTHORS, AND THINGS PERSONATED
16. DES PERSONNES, DES AUTEURS ET DES CHOSES PERSONNIFIÉES
THE SECOND PART
DEUXIÈME PARTIE
OF COMMON-WEALTH
DE L'ÉTAT
17. OF THE CAUSES, GENERATION, AND DEFINITION OF A COMMON-WEALTH
17. DES CAUSES, DE LA GENÈSE ET DE LA DÉFINITION D'UN ÉTAT
18. OF THE RIGHTS OF SOVERAIGNES BY INSTITUTION
18. DES DROITS DES SOUVERAINS PAR INSTITUTION
19. OF SEVERALL KINDS OF COMMON-WEALTH BY INSTITUTION; AND OF SUCCESION TO THE SOVERAIGN POWER
19. DES DIVERSES FORMES D'ÉTAT PAR INSTITUTION ; ET DE LA SUCCESSION AU POUVOIR SOUVERAIN
20.
20.
Vocabulary
- Si
- If; conjunction introducing a conditional clause
- malgré
- Despite, in spite of; preposition indicating opposition
- cela
- That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant
- vous
- You; second-person plural or formal pronoun
- trouvez
- You find; second-person plural of trouver
- que
- That, which; subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun
- mon
- My; masculine singular possessive adjective
- travail
- Work, labor; noun referring to one's occupation or effort
- est
- Is; third-person singular present of être
- généralement
- Generally, usually; adverb indicating common occurrence
- décrié
- Criticized, disparaged; past participle of décrier
- pourrez
- You will be able; future tense of pouvoir
- bien
- Well, indeed; adverb emphasizing or qualifying a statement
- excuser
- To excuse, forgive; verb meaning to pardon someone
- et
- And; coordinating conjunction linking words or clauses
- dire
- To say, to tell; basic verb of verbal expression
- je
- I; first-person singular subject pronoun
- suis
- Am; first-person singular present of être
- un
- A, an, one; masculine indefinite article or numeral
- homme
- Man; noun referring to an adult male person
- qui
- Who, which; relative or interrogative pronoun
- aime
- Loves, likes; third-person singular present of aimer
- ses
- His, her, its; third-person plural possessive adjective
- propres
- Own; adjective meaning belonging to oneself
- opinions
- Opinions, views; personal beliefs or judgments held
- croit
- Believes; third-person singular present of croire
- vraies
- True; feminine plural adjective meaning truthful or accurate
- toutes
- All; feminine plural form of tout, meaning every
- paroles
- Words, speech; noun referring to spoken utterances
- j'
- I; elided form of je before a vowel
- ai
- Have; first-person singular present of avoir
- honoré
- Honored; past participle of honorer, to honor
- votre
- Your; second-person plural or formal possessive adjective
- Frère
- Brother; noun referring to a male sibling or friar
- honore
- Honors; third-person singular present of honorer
- me
- Me; first-person singular object pronoun
- fondé
- Founded, justified; past participle of fonder
- sur
- On, upon; preposition indicating position or basis
- pour
- For, in order to; preposition indicating purpose
- prendre
- To take; infinitive of a common irregular verb
- le
- The; masculine singular definite article
- titre
- Title; noun referring to a name or designation
- à
- To, at, in; preposition indicating direction or location
- insu
- Unbeknownst; used in à l'insu de meaning without knowledge
- d'
- Of, from; elided form of de before a vowel
- être
- To be; fundamental auxiliary and linking verb
- comme
- As, like; conjunction or adverb indicating comparison
- Monsieur
- Mister, Sir; formal title of address for a man
- Votre
- Your; formal possessive adjective in respectful address
- très
- Very; adverb intensifying an adjective or adverb
- humble
- Humble; adjective meaning modest or unassuming
- obéissant
- Obedient; adjective meaning compliant or dutiful
- serviteur
- Servant; noun referring to one who serves another
- AVRIL
- April; fourth month of the year
- TABLE
- Table; noun referring to a structured list or index
- DES
- Of the; contraction of de + les
- CHAPITRES
- Chapters; divisions of a book or text
- PREMIÈRE
- First; feminine ordinal adjective indicating initial order
- PARTIE
- Part, section; noun referring to a division of a work
- DE
- Of, from; preposition indicating possession or origin
- L'
- The; elided definite article before a vowel
- HOMME
- Man; noun referring to mankind or a male person
- INTRODUCTION
- Introduction; opening section presenting a work's content
- DU
- Of the; contraction of de + le
- SENS
- Sense, meaning; faculty of perception or signification
- IMAGINATION
- Imagination; mental faculty forming images and ideas
- CONSÉQUENCES
- Consequences, sequences; results or chains of events
- OU
- Or; coordinating conjunction presenting an alternative
- ENCHAÎNEMENT
- Chain, sequence; linking or succession of elements
- IMAGINATIONS
- Imaginations; plural of imagination, mental images formed
- LANGAGE
- Language; system of communication using words or signs
- LA
- The; feminine singular definite article
- RAISON
- Reason; faculty of rational thought and judgment
- ET
- And; coordinating conjunction linking words or clauses
- SCIENCE
- Science; systematic knowledge derived from observation
- ORIGINES
- Origins; starting points or sources of something
- INTÉRIEURES
- Interior, inner; feminine plural adjective meaning internal
- MOUVEMENTS
- Movements; physical or mental motions or impulses
- VOLONTAIRES
- Voluntary; adjective describing actions done by choice
- COMMUNÉMENT
- Commonly; adverb meaning in a widely shared manner
- APPELÉES
- Called, named; feminine plural past participle of appeler
- LES
- The; plural definite article for masculine and feminine
- PASSIONS
- Passions; strong emotions or desires driving behavior
- DISCOURS
- Discourse, speech; formal or extended verbal expression
- PAR
- By, through; preposition indicating means or agent
- LESQUELS
- Which; masculine plural relative pronoun referencing nouns
- ELLES
- They; feminine third-person plural subject pronoun
- S'
- Themselves; elided reflexive pronoun before a vowel
- EXPRIMENT
- Express; third-person plural present of exprimer
- FINS
- Ends, purposes; goals or conclusions aimed at
- RÉSOLUTIONS
- Resolutions; firm decisions or determinations made
- VERTUS
- Virtues; moral qualities or excellences of character
- INTELLECTUELLES
- Intellectual; feminine plural adjective relating to the mind
- LEURS
- Their; third-person plural possessive adjective
- DÉFAUTS
- Defects, faults; shortcomings or imperfections
- CONTRAIRES
- Contraries, opposites; things that are opposed or contrary
- DIVERS
- Various, diverse; adjective meaning several different kinds
- SUJETS
- Subjects, topics; matters treated or discussed
- CONNAISSANCE
- Knowledge; awareness or understanding of information
- POUVOIR
- Power; ability, authority, or political force
- VALEUR
- Value, worth; importance or usefulness of something
- DIGNITÉ
- Dignity; quality of being worthy of honor or respect
- HONNEUR
- Honor; high regard or moral integrity
- MÉRITE
- Merit; quality deserving reward or recognition
- DIFFÉRENCE
- Difference; quality distinguishing one thing from another
- MŒURS
- Morals, customs; social habits and ethical behaviors
- RELIGION
- Religion; system of beliefs and worship practices
- CONDITION
- Condition, state; circumstances or situation of existence
- NATURELLE
- Natural; feminine adjective meaning of or from nature
- HUMANITÉ
- Humanity; human nature or mankind as a whole
- EN
- In, as; preposition indicating state or circumstance
- CE
- This, that; masculine demonstrative pronoun or adjective
- QUI
- Who, which; relative pronoun referring to a subject
- CONCERNE
- Concerns, relates to; third-person singular of concerner
- SA
- His, her, its; feminine singular possessive adjective
- FÉLICITÉ
- Felicity, happiness; state of great joy or bliss
- MISÈRE
- Misery, wretchedness; state of great suffering or poverty
- DEUXIÈME
- Second; ordinal adjective indicating second in order
- LOIS
- Laws; rules established by authority or nature
- NATURELLES
- Natural; feminine plural adjective meaning of nature
- CONTRAT
- Contract; formal agreement between parties
- AUTRES
- Other; adjective or pronoun meaning additional or different
- NATURE
- Nature; inherent character or the natural world
- PERSONNES
- Persons; individuals considered as legal or moral agents
- AUTEURS
- Authors; those who create or are legally responsible
- CHOSES
- Things; objects or matters in general
- PERSONNIFIÉES
- Personified; feminine plural past participle of personnifier
- ÉTAT
- State; political community or condition of affairs
- CAUSES
- Causes; reasons or origins producing an effect
- GENÈSE
- Genesis, origin; beginning or formation of something
- DÉFINITION
- Definition; statement explaining the meaning of a term
- D'
- Of; elided preposition de before a vowel
- UN
- A, one; masculine indefinite article or numeral
- DROITS
- Rights; entitlements or legal prerogatives of individuals
- SOUVERAINS
- Sovereigns; rulers holding supreme political authority
- INSTITUTION
- Institution; established organization or founding act
- DIVERSES
- Various, diverse; feminine plural adjective meaning different
- FORMES
- Forms, types; different shapes or kinds of something
- SUCCESSION
- Succession; process of following in order or inheriting
- AU
- To the; contraction of à + le
- SOUVERAIN
- Sovereign; supreme ruler or holder of highest authority
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