Leviathan — Page 5

English → It Preface Level 9/10

If notwithstanding this, you find my labour generally decryed, you may be pleased to excuse your selfe, and say that I am a man that love my own opinions, and think all true I say, that I honoured your Brother, and honour you, and have presum'd on that, to assume the Title (without your knowledge) of being, as I am,

Se nonostante ciò, trovaste il mio lavoro generalmente denigrato, potreste compiacervi di scusarvi, e dire che sono un uomo che ama le proprie opinioni, e pensa vero tutto ciò che dico, che ho onorato vostro Fratello, e onoro voi, e mi sono fidato di questo, per assumere il Titolo (a vostra insaputa) di essere, come sono,

Sir,

Signore,

Your most humble, and most obedient servant, Thomas Hobbes.

Vostro umilissimo e devotissimo servitore, Thomas Hobbes.

Paris APRILL 15/25 1651.

Parigi APRILE 15/25 1651.

CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTERS

INDICE DEI CAPITOLI

THE FIRST PART

LA PRIMA PARTE

OF MAN

DELL'UOMO

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUZIONE

1. OF SENSE

1. DEL SENSO

2. OF IMAGINATION

2. DELL'IMMAGINAZIONE

3. OF THE CONSEQUENCES OR TRAIN OF IMAGINATIONS

3. DELLE CONSEGUENZE O CONCATENAZIONE DELLE IMMAGINAZIONI

4. OF SPEECH

4. DEL LINGUAGGIO

5. OF REASON AND SCIENCE

5. DELLA RAGIONE E DELLA SCIENZA

6. OF THE INTERIOUR BEGINNINGS OF VOLUNTARY MOTIONS, COMMONLY CALLED THE PASSIONS; AND THE SPEECHES BY WHICH THEY ARE EXPRESSED

6. DEI PRINCIPI INTERIORI DEI MOTI VOLONTARI, COMUNEMENTE CHIAMATI PASSIONI; E DEI DISCORSI CON CUI VENGONO ESPRESSI

7. OF THE ENDS OR RESOLUTIONS OF DISCOURSE

7. DEI FINI O CONCLUSIONI DEL DISCORSO

8. OF THE VERTUES, COMMONLY CALLED INTELLECTUALL, AND THEIR CONTRARY DEFECTS

8. DELLE VIRTÙ, COMUNEMENTE DETTE INTELLETTUALI, E DEI LORO CONTRARI DIFETTI

9. OF THE SEVERALL SUBJECTS OF KNOWLEDGE

9. DEI VARI SOGGETTI DELLA CONOSCENZA

10. OF POWER, WORTH, DIGNITY, HONOUR, AND WORTHINESSE

10. DEL POTERE, DEL VALORE, DELLA DIGNITÀ, DELL'ONORE E DEL MERITO

11. OF THE DIFFERENCE OF MANNERS

11. DELLA DIFFERENZA DEI COSTUMI

12. OF RELIGION

12. DELLA RELIGIONE

13. OF THE NATURALL CONDITION OF MANKIND AS CONCERNING THEIR FELICITY AND MISERY

13. DELLA CONDIZIONE NATURALE DELL'UMANITÀ IN RELAZIONE ALLA LORO FELICITÀ E MISERIA

14. OF THE FIRST AND SECOND NATURALL LAWES, AND OF CONTRACT

14. DELLA PRIMA E SECONDA LEGGE NATURALE, E DEL CONTRATTO

15. OF OTHER LAWES OF NATURE

15. DELLE ALTRE LEGGI DI NATURA

16. OF PERSONS, AUTHORS, AND THINGS PERSONATED

16. DELLE PERSONE, DEGLI AUTORI E DELLE COSE PERSONIFICATE

THE SECOND PART

LA SECONDA PARTE

OF COMMON-WEALTH

DELLO STATO

17. OF THE CAUSES, GENERATION, AND DEFINITION OF A COMMON-WEALTH

17. DELLE CAUSE, DELLA GENESI E DELLA DEFINIZIONE DELLO STATO

18. OF THE RIGHTS OF SOVERAIGNES BY INSTITUTION

18. DEI DIRITTI DEI SOVRANI PER ISTITUZIONE

19. OF SEVERALL KINDS OF COMMON-WEALTH BY INSTITUTION; AND OF SUCCESION TO THE SOVERAIGN POWER

19. DEI VARI TIPI DI STATO PER ISTITUZIONE; E DELLA SUCCESSIONE AL POTERE SOVRANO

20.

Vocabulary

Se: Conditional conjunction meaning 'if' in Italian.
nonostante: Preposition or conjunction meaning 'despite' or 'notwithstanding'.
ciò: Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'.
trovaste: Past tense of 'trovare'; 'you found' (formal plural).
il: Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular).
mio: Possessive adjective meaning 'my' (masculine singular).
lavoro: Noun meaning 'work' or 'job'.
generalmente: Adverb meaning 'generally' or 'in general'.
denigrato: Past participle of 'denigrare'; meaning 'denigrated' or 'disparaged'.
potreste: Conditional of 'potere'; 'you could' (formal plural).
compiacervi: Reflexive infinitive meaning 'to please yourselves' or 'to condescend'.
di: Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'by'.
scusarvi: Reflexive infinitive meaning 'to excuse yourselves' or 'to apologize'.
e: Conjunction meaning 'and'.
dire: Infinitive meaning 'to say' or 'to tell'.
che: Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that', 'who', or 'which'.
sono: First person singular or third person plural of 'essere'; 'I am' or 'they are'.
un: Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (masculine).
uomo: Noun meaning 'man' or 'human being'.
ama: Third person singular of 'amare'; 'he/she loves'.
le: Definite article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'them' (feminine plural).
proprie: Possessive adjective meaning 'one's own' (feminine plural).
opinioni: Noun meaning 'opinions' (plural of 'opinione').
pensa: Third person singular of 'pensare'; 'he/she thinks'.
vero: Adjective meaning 'true' or 'real'.
tutto: Adjective or pronoun meaning 'everything' or 'all'.
dico: First person singular of 'dire'; 'I say'.
ho: First person singular of 'avere'; 'I have'.
onorato: Past participle of 'onorare'; meaning 'honored'.
vostro: Possessive adjective meaning 'your' (formal or plural).
Fratello: Noun meaning 'brother'.
onoro: First person singular of 'onorare'; 'I honor'.
voi: Personal pronoun meaning 'you' (plural or formal).
mi: Reflexive or indirect object pronoun meaning 'me' or 'myself'.
fidato: Adjective meaning 'trusted' or 'reliable'.
questo: Demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'this'.
per: Preposition meaning 'for', 'by', or 'through'.
assumere: Infinitive meaning 'to assume', 'to take on', or 'to hire'.
Titolo: Noun meaning 'title' or 'heading'.
a: Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'.
vostra: Possessive adjective meaning 'your' (feminine, formal/plural).
insaputa: Noun used in phrase 'a vostra insaputa' meaning 'without your knowledge'.
essere: Infinitive meaning 'to be'; also auxiliary verb.
come: Adverb or conjunction meaning 'as', 'like', or 'how'.
Signore: Noun meaning 'Lord', 'Mister', or 'Sir'.
Vostro: Possessive adjective meaning 'your' (formal or plural).
umilissimo: Superlative adjective meaning 'most humble'.
devotissimo: Superlative adjective meaning 'most devoted' or 'most faithful'.
servitore: Noun meaning 'servant' or 'attendant'.
Parigi: Proper noun; Italian name for the city of Paris.
APRILE: Noun meaning 'April', the fourth month of the year.
INDICE: Noun meaning 'index' or 'table of contents'.
DEI: Contraction of 'di' and 'i'; meaning 'of the' (masculine plural).
CAPITOLI: Noun meaning 'chapters' (plural of 'capitolo').
LA: Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular).
PRIMA: Ordinal adjective meaning 'first' (feminine).
PARTE: Noun meaning 'part' or 'section'.
DELL': Contraction of 'di' and 'l''; meaning 'of the' before vowels.
UOMO: Noun meaning 'man' or 'human being'.
INTRODUZIONE: Noun meaning 'introduction' or 'preface'.
DEL: Contraction of 'di' and 'il'; meaning 'of the' (masculine singular).
SENSO: Noun meaning 'sense', 'meaning', or 'feeling'.
IMMAGINAZIONE: Noun meaning 'imagination' or 'mental imagery'.
DELLE: Contraction of 'di' and 'le'; meaning 'of the' (feminine plural).
CONSEGUENZE: Noun meaning 'consequences' or 'results' (plural).
O: Conjunction meaning 'or'.
CONCATENAZIONE: Noun meaning 'chain', 'concatenation', or 'sequence'.
IMMAGINAZIONI: Noun meaning 'imaginations' or 'mental images' (plural).
LINGUAGGIO: Noun meaning 'language' or 'speech'.
DELLA: Contraction of 'di' and 'la'; meaning 'of the' (feminine singular).
RAGIONE: Noun meaning 'reason', 'logic', or 'right'.
SCIENZA: Noun meaning 'science' or 'knowledge'.
PRINCIPI: Noun meaning 'principles' or 'beginnings' (plural).
INTERIORI: Adjective meaning 'inner' or 'interior' (plural).
MOTI: Noun meaning 'motions' or 'movements' (plural of 'moto').
VOLONTARI: Adjective meaning 'voluntary' or 'deliberate' (masculine plural).
COMUNEMENTE: Adverb meaning 'commonly' or 'generally'.
CHIAMATI: Past participle meaning 'called' or 'named' (masculine plural).
PASSIONI: Noun meaning 'passions' or 'strong emotions' (plural).
DISCORSI: Noun meaning 'discourses', 'speeches', or 'talks' (plural).
CON: Preposition meaning 'with'.
CUI: Relative pronoun meaning 'which', 'whom', or 'that'.
VENGONO: Third person plural of 'venire'; 'they come' or passive auxiliary.
ESPRESSI: Past participle meaning 'expressed' (masculine plural).
FINI: Noun meaning 'ends', 'purposes', or 'goals' (plural).
CONCLUSIONI: Noun meaning 'conclusions' or 'final outcomes' (plural).
DISCORSO: Noun meaning 'discourse', 'speech', or 'reasoning'.
VIRTÙ: Noun meaning 'virtue' or 'moral excellence'.
DETTE: Past participle meaning 'called' or 'said' (feminine plural).
INTELLETTUALI: Adjective meaning 'intellectual' or 'mental' (plural).
LORO: Possessive or pronoun meaning 'their', 'them', or 'they'.
CONTRARI: Noun or adjective meaning 'opposites' or 'contrary' (plural).
DIFETTI: Noun meaning 'defects', 'flaws', or 'faults' (plural).
VARI: Adjective meaning 'various' or 'several' (masculine plural).
SOGGETTI: Noun meaning 'subjects' or 'topics' (plural).
CONOSCENZA: Noun meaning 'knowledge' or 'acquaintance'.
POTERE: Noun or infinitive meaning 'power' or 'to be able to'.
VALORE: Noun meaning 'value', 'worth', or 'courage'.
DIGNITÀ: Noun meaning 'dignity' or 'honor'.
ONORE: Noun meaning 'honor' or 'esteem'.
MERITO: Noun meaning 'merit' or 'deserving quality'.
DIFFERENZA: Noun meaning 'difference' or 'distinction'.
COSTUMI: Noun meaning 'customs', 'manners', or 'costumes' (plural).
RELIGIONE: Noun meaning 'religion' or 'faith'.
CONDIZIONE: Noun meaning 'condition', 'state', or 'circumstance'.
NATURALE: Adjective meaning 'natural' or 'innate'.
UMANITÀ: Noun meaning 'humanity' or 'humankind'.
IN: Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into'.
RELAZIONE: Noun meaning 'relation', 'relationship', or 'report'.
ALLA: Contraction of 'a' and 'la'; meaning 'to the' (feminine singular).
FELICITÀ: Noun meaning 'happiness' or 'felicity'.
MISERIA: Noun meaning 'misery', 'poverty', or 'wretchedness'.
SECONDA: Ordinal adjective meaning 'second' (feminine).
LEGGE: Noun meaning 'law' or 'rule'.
CONTRATTO: Noun meaning 'contract' or 'agreement'.
ALTRE: Adjective meaning 'other' or 'further' (feminine plural).
LEGGI: Noun meaning 'laws' (plural of 'legge').
DI: Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'by'.
NATURA: Noun meaning 'nature' or 'natural world'.
PERSONE: Noun meaning 'persons' or 'people' (plural).
DEGLI: Contraction of 'di' and 'gli'; meaning 'of the' (masculine plural).
AUTORI: Noun meaning 'authors' or 'originators' (plural).
COSE: Noun meaning 'things' or 'matters' (plural of 'cosa').
PERSONIFICATE: Past participle meaning 'personified' or 'represented as persons'.
DELLO: Contraction of 'di' and 'lo'; meaning 'of the' (masculine singular before s+consonant).
STATO: Noun meaning 'state' or 'government'.
CAUSE: Noun meaning 'causes' or 'reasons' (plural of 'causa').
GENESI: Noun meaning 'genesis' or 'origin'.
DEFINIZIONE: Noun meaning 'definition' or 'description'.
DIRITTI: Noun meaning 'rights' or 'entitlements' (plural).
SOVRANI: Noun or adjective meaning 'sovereigns' or 'sovereign' (plural).
PER: Preposition meaning 'for', 'by', or 'through'.
ISTITUZIONE: Noun meaning 'institution' or 'establishment'.
TIPI: Noun meaning 'types' or 'kinds' (plural of 'tipo').
SUCCESSIONE: Noun meaning 'succession' or 'inheritance'.
AL: Contraction of 'a' and 'il'; meaning 'to the' (masculine singular).
SOVRANO: Noun or adjective meaning 'sovereign' or 'ruler'.

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