Leviathan — Page 1
Concerning the Thoughts of man, I will consider them first Singly, and afterwards in Trayne, or dependance upon one another.
Riguardo ai Pensieri dell'uomo, li considererò prima Singolarmente, e poi in Sequenza, o in dipendenza l'uno dall'altro.
Singly, they are every one a Representation or Apparence, of some quality, or other Accident of a body without us; which is commonly called an Object.
Singolarmente, ciascuno di essi è una Rappresentazione o Apparenza, di qualche qualità, o altro Accidente di un corpo esterno a noi; il quale è comunemente chiamato un Oggetto.
Which Object worketh on the Eyes, Eares, and other parts of mans body; and by diversity of working, produceth diversity of Apparences.
Tale Oggetto agisce sugli Occhi, le Orecchie, e altre parti del corpo dell'uomo; e attraverso la diversità del suo agire, produce diversità di Apparenze.
The Originall of them all, is that which we call Sense; (For there is no conception in a mans mind, which hath not at first, totally, or by parts, been begotten upon the organs of Sense.)
L'Origine di tutti questi pensieri è ciò che chiamiamo Senso; (poiché non vi è alcuna concezione nella mente di un uomo, che non sia stata dapprima, totalmente, o in parte, generata dagli organi di Senso.)
The rest are derived from that originall.
Gli altri derivano da quella origine.
To know the naturall cause of Sense, is not very necessary to the business now in hand; and I have els-where written of the same at large.
Conoscere la causa naturale del Senso non è molto necessario all'argomento qui trattato; e ho scritto diffusamente dello stesso in altro luogo.
Nevertheless, to fill each part of my present method, I will briefly deliver the same in this place.
Tuttavia, per completare ogni parte del mio metodo attuale, ne darò qui una breve esposizione.
The cause of Sense, is the Externall Body, or Object, which presseth the organ proper to each Sense, either immediatly, as in the Tast and Touch; or mediately, as in Seeing, Hearing, and Smelling:
La causa del Senso è il Corpo Esterno, o Oggetto, che preme sull'organo proprio di ciascun Senso, o immediatamente, come nel Gusto e nel Tatto; o mediatamente, come nella Vista, nell'Udito e nell'Olfatto:
which pressure, by the mediation of Nerves, and other strings, and membranes of the body, continued inwards to the Brain, and Heart, causeth there a resistance, or counter-pressure, or endeavour of the heart, to deliver it self:
tale pressione, attraverso la mediazione dei Nervi, e di altri filamenti, e membrane del corpo, proseguendo verso l'interno fino al Cervello e al Cuore, vi provoca una resistenza, o contro-pressione, o sforzo del cuore per liberarsi:
which endeavour because Outward, seemeth to be some matter without.
tale sforzo, essendo diretto verso l'esterno, sembra essere qualcosa di materiale al di fuori di noi.
Vocabulary
- Riguardo
- ree-GWAR-doh — Regarding, with respect to something mentioned
- ai
- ah-ee — Contraction of 'a i', meaning 'to the' (plural)
- Pensieri
- pen-SYEH-ree — Thoughts, ideas held in the mind
- dell'
- dell — Contraction of 'di' and 'lo/la', meaning 'of the'
- uomo
- WOH-moh — Man, adult human male person
- li
- lee — Them, third-person plural masculine pronoun
- considererò
- kon-see-deh-reh-ROH — I will consider, examine, or reflect upon
- prima
- PREE-mah — First, before something else in order
- Singolarmente
- seen-go-lar-MEN-teh — Singularly, individually, one at a time
- e
- eh — And, conjunction linking words or clauses
- poi
- poh-ee — Then, afterward, subsequently in sequence
- in
- een — In, preposition indicating location or state
- Sequenza
- seh-KWEN-tsah — Sequence, ordered series of connected events
- o
- oh — Or, conjunction presenting an alternative choice
- dipendenza
- dee-pen-DEN-tsah — Dependence, state of relying on something
- l'
- l — Elided form of 'la' or 'lo', meaning 'the'
- uno
- OO-noh — One, the number one or indefinite article
- dall'
- dall — Contraction of 'da' and article, meaning 'from the'
- altro
- AHL-troh — Other, another, different one
- ciascuno
- chah-SKOO-noh — Each one, every single individual item
- di
- dee — Of, preposition indicating possession or origin
- essi
- ES-see — They, third-person plural pronoun (formal)
- è
- eh — Is, third-person singular of 'essere' (to be)
- una
- OO-nah — A, an, indefinite article feminine singular
- Rappresentazione
- rap-preh-zen-tah-TSYOH-neh — Representation, mental image or depiction of something
- Apparenza
- ap-pah-REN-tsah — Appearance, outward look or seeming quality
- qualche
- KWAL-keh — Some, any, an unspecified amount or number
- qualità
- kwah-lee-TAH — Quality, characteristic property of a thing
- Accidente
- at-chee-DEN-teh — Accident, non-essential property of a substance
- un
- oon — A, an, masculine indefinite article singular
- corpo
- KOR-poh — Body, physical object or material substance
- esterno
- es-TER-noh — External, outside, belonging to the outer world
- a
- ah — To, at, preposition of location or direction
- noi
- noh-ee — Us, we, first-person plural pronoun
- il
- eel — The, definite article masculine singular
- quale
- KWAH-leh — Which, that, relative or interrogative pronoun
- comunemente
- ko-moo-neh-MEN-teh — Commonly, ordinarily, in a usual manner
- chiamato
- kyah-MAH-toh — Called, named, referred to by a name
- Oggetto
- od-JET-toh — Object, physical thing that can be perceived
- Tale
- TAH-leh — Such, this kind of, such a thing
- agisce
- ah-JEE-sheh — Acts upon, operates, exerts influence on
- sugli
- SOOL-yee — On the, preposition plus masculine plural article
- Occhi
- OK-kee — Eyes, organs of vision in the face
- le
- leh — The, definite article feminine plural form
- Orecchie
- oh-REK-kyeh — Ears, organs for hearing sound and balance
- altre
- AHL-treh — Other, different, feminine plural adjective
- parti
- PAR-tee — Parts, portions or sections of a whole
- del
- del — Of the, masculine singular contracted preposition
- attraverso
- at-trah-VER-soh — Through, by means of, across something
- la
- lah — The, definite article feminine singular form
- diversità
- dee-ver-see-TAH — Diversity, variety, difference in ways of acting
- suo
- SOO-oh — His, her, its, possessive adjective singular
- agire
- ah-JEE-reh — To act, to function, to operate on something
- produce
- pro-DOO-cheh — Produces, generates, brings forth a result
- Apparenze
- ap-pah-REN-tseh — Appearances, outward impressions perceived by senses
- L'
- l — Elided form of 'la' or 'lo', meaning 'the'
- Origine
- oh-REE-jee-neh — Origin, source, starting point of something
- tutti
- TOOT-tee — All, every one, entire group collectively
- questi
- KWES-tee — These, demonstrative pronoun masculine plural
- pensieri
- pen-SYEH-ree — Thoughts, ideas or mental representations
- ciò
- choh — That, this, what, demonstrative pronoun neuter
- che
- keh — That, which, who, conjunction or relative pronoun
- chiamiamo
- kyah-MYAH-moh — We call, we name, first-person plural verb
- Senso
- SEN-soh — Sense, faculty of perception through organs
- poiché
- poh-ee-KEH — Since, because, given that, causal conjunction
- non
- nohn — Not, negation particle used with verbs
- vi
- vee — There, here, particle indicating place or existence
- alcuna
- al-KOO-nah — Any, no, feminine singular indefinite pronoun
- concezione
- kon-cheh-TSYOH-neh — Conception, mental idea formed in the mind
- nella
- NEL-lah — In the, preposition plus feminine singular article
- mente
- MEN-teh — Mind, the seat of thought and consciousness
- sia
- SYAH — Be, subjunctive of 'essere', expresses doubt or condition
- stata
- STAH-tah — Been, past participle of 'essere', feminine singular
- dapprima
- dap-PREE-mah — At first, initially, before anything else
- totalmente
- toh-tal-MEN-teh — Totally, entirely, completely without exception
- parte
- PAR-teh — Part, portion, section of a larger whole
- generata
- jeh-neh-RAH-tah — Generated, produced, brought into existence
- dagli
- DAH-lyee — By the, preposition plus masculine plural article
- organi
- OR-gah-nee — Organs, bodily structures performing specific functions
- Gli
- lyee — The, definite article masculine plural form
- altri
- AHL-tree — Others, the rest, additional ones besides these
- derivano
- deh-REE-vah-noh — Derive, originate, come from a particular source
- da
- dah — From, by, preposition indicating origin or agent
- quella
- KWEL-lah — That, feminine singular demonstrative adjective/pronoun
- origine
- oh-REE-jee-neh — Origin, source from which something derives
- Conoscere
- ko-NO-sheh-reh — To know, to be acquainted with something
- causa
- KAH-oo-zah — Cause, reason that produces an effect
- naturale
- nah-too-RAH-leh — Natural, relating to nature or physical world
- molto
- MOL-toh — Very, much, a great deal of something
- necessario
- neh-ches-SAH-ryoh — Necessary, essential, required for a purpose
- all'
- all — Contraction of 'a' and 'lo/la', meaning 'to the'
- argomento
- ar-go-MEN-toh — Argument, topic, subject being discussed or examined
- qui
- kwee — Here, in this place or context
- trattato
- trat-TAH-toh — Treated, dealt with; also a treatise document
- ho
- oh — I have, first-person singular of 'avere'
- scritto
- SKRIT-toh — Written, past participle of 'scrivere'
- diffusamente
- dif-foo-zah-MEN-teh — Diffusely, at length, in great detail
- dello
- DEL-loh — Of the, masculine singular contracted preposition
- stesso
- STES-soh — Same, identical, the very one mentioned
- luogo
- LWOH-goh — Place, location, a particular spot or context
- Tuttavia
- toot-tah-VEE-ah — Nevertheless, however, yet despite what was said
- per
- pehr — For, in order to, per, preposition of purpose
- completare
- kom-pleh-TAH-reh — To complete, to finish, to make whole
- ogni
- OH-nyee — Every, each, all without exception
- mio
- MEE-oh — My, mine, first-person singular possessive adjective
- metodo
- MEH-toh-doh — Method, systematic procedure for doing something
- attuale
- at-twah-LEH — Current, present, actual at this moment
- ne
- neh — Of it, about it, partitive or adverbial pronoun
- darò
- dah-ROH — I will give, first-person future of 'dare'
- breve
- BREH-veh — Brief, short, concise in length or time
- esposizione
- es-po-zee-TSYOH-neh — Exposition, explanation, presentation of a subject
- La
- lah — The, definite article feminine singular form
- Corpo
- KOR-poh — Body, physical substance or material object
- Esterno
- es-TER-noh — External body, something outside the perceiver
- preme
- PREH-meh — Presses, exerts pressure upon something
- sull'
- sull — On the, contracted preposition plus elided article
- organo
- OR-gah-noh — Organ, bodily part serving a specific function
- proprio
- PRO-pryoh — Own, proper, specifically belonging to something
- ciascun
- chah-SKOON — Each, every individual one (shortened form)
- immediatamente
- im-meh-dyah-tah-MEN-teh — Immediately, directly, without any intermediary
- come
- KOH-meh — As, like, how, conjunction or adverb of manner
- nel
- nel — In the, masculine singular contracted preposition
- Gusto
- GOO-stoh — Taste, the sense of perceiving flavors
- Tatto
- TAT-toh — Touch, the sense of physical contact
- mediatamente
- meh-dyah-tah-MEN-teh — Mediately, indirectly, through an intermediate means
- Vista
- VEE-stah — Sight, the sense of seeing visually
- nell'
- nell — In the, contracted preposition before vowel
- Udito
- oo-DEE-toh — Hearing, the sense of perceiving sounds
- Olfatto
- ol-FAT-toh — Smell, the sense of detecting odors
- tale
- TAH-leh — Such, this kind of thing or action
- pressione
- pres-SYOH-neh — Pressure, force applied to a surface
- mediazione
- meh-dyah-TSYOH-neh — Mediation, act of intervening as intermediary
- dei
- deh-ee — Of the, masculine plural contracted preposition
- Nervi
- NER-vee — Nerves, fibers transmitting signals in the body
- filamenti
- fee-lah-MEN-tee — Filaments, thin thread-like fibers in the body
- membrane
- mem-BRAH-neh — Membranes, thin tissue layers covering body parts
- proseguendo
- pro-seh-GWEN-doh — Continuing, proceeding onward in a direction
- verso
- VER-soh — Toward, in the direction of something
- interno
- een-TER-noh — Interior, inside, the inner part of something
- fino
- FEE-noh — Until, up to, as far as a point
- al
- ahl — To the, masculine singular contracted preposition
- Cervello
- cher-VEL-loh — Brain, the central organ of the nervous system
- Cuore
- KWOH-reh — Heart, the organ pumping blood through the body
- provoca
- PRO-voh-kah — Provokes, causes, brings about a reaction
- resistenza
- reh-zees-TEN-tsah — Resistance, opposition to a force or pressure
- contro
- KON-troh — Against, in opposition to something or someone
- sforzo
- SFOR-tsoh — Effort, exertion, force applied to do something
- cuore
- KWOH-reh — Heart, organ or metaphorical center of feeling
- liberarsi
- lee-beh-RAR-see — To free oneself, to get rid of pressure
- essendo
- es-SEN-doh — Being, gerund of 'essere', expressing a state
- diretto
- dee-RET-toh — Directed, aimed outward toward an external object
- sembra
- SEM-brah — Seems, appears, gives the impression of being
- essere
- ES-seh-reh — To be, infinitive of the verb of existence
- qualcosa
- kwahl-KOH-zah — Something, an unspecified thing or matter
- materiale
- mah-teh-RYAH-leh — Material, physical, relating to matter or substance
- fuori
- FWOH-ree — Outside, beyond, exterior to a boundary
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