Leviathan — Page 2

English → It CHAPTER I. OF SENSE Level 9/10

And this Seeming, or Fancy, is that which men call sense; and consisteth, as to the Eye, in a Light, or Colour Figured; To the Eare, in a Sound; To the Nostrill, in an Odour; To the Tongue and Palat, in a Savour; and to the rest of the body, in Heat, Cold, Hardnesse, Softnesse, and such other qualities, as we discern by Feeling.

E questa Apparenza, o Fantasia, è ciò che gli uomini chiamano senso; e consiste, per quanto riguarda l'Occhio, in una Luce, o Colore Figurato; per l'Orecchio, in un Suono; per la Narice, in un Odore; per la Lingua e il Palato, in un Sapore; e per il resto del corpo, nel Calore, nel Freddo, nella Durezza, nella Morbidezza, e in altre qualità simili, che distinguiamo mediante il Tatto.

All which qualities called Sensible, are in the object that causeth them, but so many several motions of the matter, by which it presseth our organs diversly.

Tutte queste qualità chiamate Sensibili sono nell'oggetto che le causa, ma non sono altro che numerosi e distinti moti della materia, mediante i quali essa preme i nostri organi in modi diversi.

Neither in us that are pressed, are they anything els, but divers motions; (for motion, produceth nothing but motion.)

Né in noi che siamo pressati esse sono altro che diversi moti; (poiché il moto non produce nulla se non moto.)

But their apparence to us is Fancy, the same waking, that dreaming.

Ma la loro apparenza per noi è Fantasia, la stessa sia da svegli che nel sogno.

And as pressing, rubbing, or striking the Eye, makes us fancy a light; and pressing the Eare, produceth a dinne; so do the bodies also we see, or hear, produce the same by their strong, though unobserved action,

E come il premere, lo strofinare, o il colpire l'Occhio ci fa immaginare una luce; e il premere l'Orecchio produce un ronzio; così anche i corpi che vediamo o udiamo producono la medesima cosa mediante la loro intensa, sebbene inosservata, azione,

For if those Colours, and Sounds, were in the Bodies, or Objects that cause them, they could not bee severed from them, as by glasses, and in Ecchoes by reflection, wee see they are; where we know the thing we see, is in one place; the apparence, in another.

Poiché se quei Colori e quei Suoni fossero nei Corpi, o negli Oggetti che li causano, non potrebbero essere separati da essi, come invece vediamo che accade attraverso gli specchi e, nelle Eco, per riflessione; dove sappiamo che la cosa che vediamo si trova in un luogo, e l'apparenza in un altro.

And though at some certain distance, the reall, and very object seem invested with the fancy it begets in us; Yet still the object is one thing, the image or fancy is another.

E sebbene a una certa distanza il reale e vero oggetto sembri rivestito della fantasia che genera in noi, tuttavia l'oggetto rimane una cosa, e l'immagine o fantasia un'altra.

Vocabulary

E: Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.
questa: Demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' (feminine).
Apparenza: Appearance; the way something looks or seems.
o: Conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative.
Fantasia: Fantasy or imagination; the faculty of forming mental images.
è: Third-person singular present tense of 'essere', meaning 'is'.
ciò: Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' or 'this thing'.
che: Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'which'.
gli: Definite article or indirect object pronoun meaning 'the' or 'to him'.
uomini: Plural noun meaning 'men' or 'people' (humanity).
chiamano: Third-person plural present of 'chiamare', meaning 'they call'.
senso: Sense; a faculty of perception such as sight or touch.
e: Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.
consiste: Third-person singular of 'consistere', meaning 'consists of'.
per: Preposition meaning 'for', 'by', or 'through'.
quanto: Adverb or pronoun meaning 'how much' or 'as much as'.
riguarda: Third-person singular of 'riguardare', meaning 'concerns' or 'regards'.
l': Elided definite article 'il/la' used before vowels.
Occhio: Eye; the organ used for seeing and visual perception.
in: Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into', indicating location.
una: Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (feminine singular).
Luce: Light; the natural agent enabling sight and illumination.
Colore: Color; the visual property of objects reflecting light.
Figurato: Figured or shaped; having a distinct visible form or figure.
Orecchio: Ear; the organ used for hearing and auditory perception.
un: Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (masculine singular).
Suono: Sound; vibrations perceived through the organ of hearing.
la: Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular).
Narice: Nostril; one of the two openings of the nose.
Odore: Smell or odor; a quality perceived through the nose.
Lingua: Tongue or language; organ of taste and speech.
il: Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular).
Palato: Palate; the roof of the mouth, organ of taste.
Sapore: Flavor or taste; a quality perceived by the tongue.
resto: Rest or remainder; what is left of a whole.
del: Contraction of 'di' and 'il', meaning 'of the'.
corpo: Body; the physical structure of a human or animal.
nel: Contraction of 'in' and 'il', meaning 'in the'.
Calore: Heat or warmth; the sensation of high temperature.
Freddo: Cold; the sensation or quality of low temperature.
nella: Contraction of 'in' and 'la', meaning 'in the' (feminine).
Durezza: Hardness; the quality of being firm and resistant to pressure.
Morbidezza: Softness; the quality of being gentle and yielding to touch.
altre: Adjective meaning 'other' or 'others' (feminine plural).
qualità: Quality or characteristic; a property distinguishing something.
simili: Adjective meaning 'similar' or 'alike' (plural form).
distinguiamo: We distinguish; first-person plural of 'distinguere'.
mediante: Preposition meaning 'by means of' or 'through'.
Tatto: Touch; the sense of feeling through physical contact.
Tutte: Adjective meaning 'all' or 'every' (feminine plural form).
queste: Demonstrative adjective meaning 'these' (feminine plural).
chiamate: Past participle of 'chiamare', meaning 'called' or 'named'.
Sensibili: Sensibles; things perceived by the senses; perceptible qualities.
sono: Third-person plural of 'essere', meaning 'are'.
nell': Contraction of 'in' and 'il/la' before a vowel, 'in the'.
oggetto: Object; a material thing that can be perceived or touched.
le: Definite article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'them' (feminine).
causa: Cause; that which produces or brings about an effect.
ma: Conjunction meaning 'but', introducing a contrasting statement.
non: Adverb meaning 'not', used to negate a verb or clause.
altro: Adjective or pronoun meaning 'other', 'another', or 'else'.
numerosi: Adjective meaning 'numerous' or 'many' (masculine plural).
distinti: Adjective meaning 'distinct' or 'different' (plural form).
moti: Plural of 'moto', meaning 'motions' or 'movements'.
della: Contraction of 'di' and 'la', meaning 'of the' (feminine).
materia: Matter; physical substance that makes up the world.
i: Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine plural).
quali: Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'who' (plural form).
essa: Third-person singular pronoun meaning 'it' or 'she'.
preme: Third-person singular of 'premere', meaning 'presses' or 'pushes'.
nostri: Possessive adjective meaning 'our' (masculine plural form).
organi: Plural of 'organo', meaning 'organs'; bodily structures with functions.
modi: Plural of 'modo', meaning 'ways' or 'manners'.
diversi: Adjective meaning 'different' or 'various' (masculine plural).
Né: Conjunction meaning 'nor' or 'neither', connecting negatives.
noi: Personal pronoun meaning 'we' or 'us'.
siamo: First-person plural of 'essere', meaning 'we are'.
pressati: Past participle of 'pressare', meaning 'pressed' or 'pushed upon'.
esse: Third-person plural feminine pronoun meaning 'they' or 'them'.
poiché: Conjunction meaning 'since' or 'because', introducing a reason.
moto: Motion or movement; a change in position of an object.
produce: Third-person singular of 'produrre', meaning 'produces' or 'generates'.
nulla: Pronoun or noun meaning 'nothing' or 'nothingness'.
se: Conjunction meaning 'if', introducing a conditional clause.
Ma: Conjunction meaning 'but', introducing a contrasting statement.
loro: Pronoun or adjective meaning 'their', 'them', or 'they'.
apparenza: Appearance; the outward look or impression of something.
stessa: Adjective meaning 'same' or 'itself' (feminine singular).
sia: Subjunctive of 'essere', meaning 'be' or 'whether'.
da: Preposition meaning 'from', 'by', or 'since'.
svegli: Adjective meaning 'awake'; conscious and not sleeping (plural).
sogno: Dream; images and thoughts experienced during sleep.
come: Adverb or conjunction meaning 'how', 'like', or 'as'.
premere: Verb meaning 'to press' or 'to push' against something.
lo: Definite article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'him/it'.
strofinare: Verb meaning 'to rub' or 'to scrub' a surface repeatedly.
colpire: Verb meaning 'to hit' or 'to strike' something forcefully.
ci: Reflexive or object pronoun meaning 'us', 'ourselves', or 'there'.
fa: Third-person singular of 'fare', meaning 'makes' or 'does'.
immaginare: Verb meaning 'to imagine' or 'to picture mentally'.
luce: Light; the natural agent enabling sight and illumination.
ronzio: Buzzing or humming sound; a continuous low vibrating noise.
così: Adverb meaning 'so', 'thus', or 'in this way'.
anche: Adverb meaning 'also', 'too', or 'even'.
corpi: Plural of 'corpo', meaning 'bodies' or 'physical objects'.
vediamo: First-person plural of 'vedere', meaning 'we see'.
udiamo: First-person plural of 'udire', meaning 'we hear'.
producono: Third-person plural of 'produrre', meaning 'they produce'.
medesima: Adjective meaning 'the same' (feminine singular, formal register).
cosa: Noun meaning 'thing'; a general word for any object or matter.
intensa: Adjective meaning 'intense' or 'strong' (feminine singular).
sebbene: Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though' (concessive).
inosservata: Adjective meaning 'unobserved' or 'unnoticed' (feminine singular).
azione: Action; the process of doing something or exerting force.
Poiché: Conjunction meaning 'since' or 'because', introducing a reason.
quei: Demonstrative adjective meaning 'those' (masculine plural, distant).
Colori: Plural of 'colore', meaning 'colors'; visual properties of objects.
Suoni: Plural of 'suono', meaning 'sounds'; auditory perceptions.
fossero: Imperfect subjunctive of 'essere', meaning 'were' (conditional).
nei: Contraction of 'in' and 'i', meaning 'in the' (masculine plural).
Corpi: Plural of 'corpo', meaning 'bodies' or 'physical objects'.
negli: Contraction of 'in' and 'gli', meaning 'in the' (masculine plural).
Oggetti: Plural of 'oggetto', meaning 'objects'; material things perceivable.
li: Object pronoun meaning 'them' (masculine plural direct object).
causano: Third-person plural of 'causare', meaning 'they cause' or 'produce'.
potrebbero: Conditional of 'potere', meaning 'they could' or 'they might'.
essere: Infinitive meaning 'to be'; the fundamental verb of existence.
separati: Past participle of 'separare', meaning 'separated' or 'detached'.
essi: Third-person plural masculine pronoun meaning 'they' or 'them'.
invece: Adverb meaning 'instead' or 'on the contrary'.
accade: Third-person singular of 'accadere', meaning 'it happens' or 'occurs'.
attraverso: Preposition meaning 'through' or 'across' a space or medium.
specchi: Plural of 'specchio', meaning 'mirrors'; reflective glass surfaces.
nelle: Contraction of 'in' and 'le', meaning 'in the' (feminine plural).
Eco: Echo; a sound reflected and repeated back to the listener.
riflessione: Reflection; the bouncing back of light, sound, or thought.
dove: Adverb meaning 'where', indicating a place or location.
sappiamo: First-person plural of 'sapere', meaning 'we know'.
si: Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself', 'himself', or 'itself'.
trova: Third-person singular of 'trovare', meaning 'is found' or 'is located'.
luogo: Place or location; a specific area or point in space.
a: Preposition meaning 'at', 'to', or 'in', indicating location.
certa: Adjective meaning 'certain' or 'a certain' (feminine singular).
distanza: Distance; the amount of space between two points or objects.
reale: Adjective meaning 'real' or 'actual'; existing in reality.
vero: Adjective meaning 'true' or 'real'; corresponding to facts.
sembri: Subjunctive of 'sembrare', meaning 'seems' or 'appears to be'.
rivestito: Past participle of 'rivestire', meaning 'covered' or 'coated with'.
fantasia: Fantasy or imagination; the mental faculty of forming images.
genera: Third-person singular of 'generare', meaning 'generates' or 'produces'.
tuttavia: Adverb meaning 'nevertheless' or 'however'; despite that.
rimane: Third-person singular of 'rimanere', meaning 'remains' or 'stays'.
immagine: Image; a visual representation or mental picture of something.
un': Elided indefinite article 'una' before a vowel, meaning 'a/an'.
altra: Adjective meaning 'other' or 'another' (feminine singular form).

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