Leviathan — Page 3
So that Sense in all cases, is nothing els but originall fancy, caused (as I have said) by the pressure, that is, by the motion, of externall things upon our Eyes, Eares, and other organs thereunto ordained.
Cosicché la Sensazione in tutti i casi non è altro che fantasia originaria, causata (come ho detto) dalla pressione, cioè dal moto, delle cose esterne sui nostri Occhi, Orecchie e altri organi a ciò deputati.
But the Philosophy-schooles, through all the Universities of Christendome, grounded upon certain Texts of Aristotle, teach another doctrine; and say, For the cause of Vision, that the thing seen, sendeth forth on every side a Visible Species(in English) a Visible Shew, Apparition, or Aspect, or a Being Seen; the receiving whereof into the Eye, is Seeing.
Ma le scuole di Filosofia, in tutte le Università della Cristianità, fondate su certi Testi di Aristotele, insegnano un'altra dottrina; e dicono, quanto alla causa della Visione, che la cosa veduta emette da ogni lato una Specie Visibile, ovvero uno Spettacolo Visibile, un'Apparizione, o Aspetto, o un Essere Veduto; il cui ricevimento nell'Occhio costituisce il Vedere.
And for the cause of Hearing, that the thing heard, sendeth forth an Audible Species, that is, an Audible Aspect, or Audible Being Seen; which entring at the Eare, maketh Hearing.
E quanto alla causa dell'Udito, che la cosa udita emette una Specie Udibile, cioè un Aspetto Udibile, o un Essere Udibilmente Veduto; il quale entrando nell'Orecchio produce l'Udire.
Nay for the cause of Understanding also, they say the thing Understood sendeth forth Intelligible Species, that is, an Intelligible Being Seen; which comming into the Understanding, makes us Understand.
Anzi, anche per la causa dell'Intellezione, essi dicono che la cosa Compresa emette Specie Intelligibili, cioè un Essere Intelligibilmente Veduto; il quale entrando nell'Intelletto ci fa Comprendere.
I say not this, as disapproving the use of Universities: but because I am to speak hereafter of their office in a Common-wealth, I must let you see on all occasions by the way, what things would be amended in them; amongst which the frequency of insignificant Speech is one.
Non dico questo per disapprovare l'utilità delle Università: ma poiché dovrò parlare in seguito del loro ruolo in uno Stato, devo mostrarvi in ogni occasione, incidentalmente, quali cose andrebbero in esse corrette; tra le quali la frequenza del Discorso privo di significato è una.
Vocabulary
- Cosicché
- Conjunction meaning 'so that' or 'therefore'
- la
- Definite article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'her'
- Sensazione
- Sensation; a feeling or perception through the senses
- in
- Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into'
- tutti
- All, every; refers to a complete group
- i
- Plural definite article meaning 'the'
- casi
- Cases; plural of caso, meaning instances or situations
- non
- Negation word meaning 'not'
- è
- Third person singular of essere, meaning 'is'
- altro
- Other, another; something or someone different
- che
- Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that,' 'which,' or 'than'
- fantasia
- Fantasy, imagination; a mental image or invented notion
- originaria
- Original, originary; relating to the source or origin
- causata
- Caused; past participle of causare, produced by something
- come
- As, like, how; used for comparison or explanation
- ho
- First person singular of avere, meaning 'I have'
- detto
- Said; past participle of dire, meaning 'spoken or stated'
- dalla
- Contraction of 'da' and 'la,' meaning 'from the'
- pressione
- Pressure; a physical or figurative force applied to something
- cioè
- That is, namely; used to clarify or restate something
- dal
- Contraction of 'da' and 'il,' meaning 'from the'
- moto
- Motion, movement; physical displacement of an object
- delle
- Contraction of 'di' and 'le,' meaning 'of the' (feminine plural)
- cose
- Things; plural of cosa, referring to objects or matters
- esterne
- External, outer; existing or coming from outside
- sui
- Contraction of 'su' and 'i,' meaning 'on the' (masculine plural)
- nostri
- Our; plural possessive adjective for masculine nouns
- Occhi
- Eyes; plural of occhio, the organs of vision
- Orecchie
- Ears; plural of orecchio, the organs of hearing
- organi
- Organs; body parts with specific biological functions
- deputati
- Designated, assigned; appointed for a specific function
- scuole
- Schools; institutions or traditions of thought and learning
- Filosofia
- Philosophy; the study of knowledge, existence, and ethics
- Università
- University; an institution of higher education and research
- Cristianità
- Christendom; the Christian world or community collectively
- fondate
- Founded, based; established upon a certain foundation
- Testi
- Texts; written works used as authoritative references
- insegnano
- They teach; third person plural present of insegnare
- un'
- Indefinite article 'an' before a feminine vowel-initial noun
- altra
- Another, other; feminine form of altro
- dottrina
- Doctrine; a set of beliefs or teachings
- dicono
- They say; third person plural present of dire
- quanto
- As much as, how much; used in comparisons or questions
- causa
- Cause; the reason or source of something
- Visione
- Vision; the act of seeing or a visual perception
- cosa
- Thing; an object, matter, or concept
- veduta
- Seen; past participle of vedere, something visually perceived
- emette
- Emits; third person singular of emettere, to send out
- ogni
- Every, each; applies to all members of a group
- lato
- Side; a lateral face or direction of an object
- Specie
- Species or kind; a visible form emitted by an object
- Visibile
- Visible; capable of being seen by the eye
- ovvero
- Or rather, that is; used to rephrase or clarify
- Spettacolo
- Spectacle, show; something visually striking or displayed
- Apparizione
- Apparition; a ghostly or sudden visual appearance
- Aspetto
- Aspect, appearance; the way something looks or presents
- Essere
- Being; existence or the verb 'to be'
- Veduto
- Seen; past participle of vedere, something perceived visually
- ricevimento
- Reception; the act of receiving something into a sense organ
- nell'
- Contraction of 'in' and 'l',' meaning 'in the'
- Occhio
- Eye; the organ used for seeing
- costituisce
- Constitutes; forms or makes up something essential
- Vedere
- To see; the act of perceiving with the eyes
- Udito
- Hearing; the sense or faculty of perceiving sound
- udita
- Heard; past participle of udire, something perceived by ear
- Udibile
- Audible; capable of being heard by the ear
- quale
- Which, that; a relative pronoun or interrogative adjective
- entrando
- Entering; present participle of entrare, going inside
- Orecchio
- Ear; the organ used for hearing
- produce
- Produces; causes or generates a result or effect
- Udire
- To hear; the act of perceiving sound
- Anzi
- Rather, on the contrary; used to strengthen or correct
- anche
- Also, even, too; adds something to a statement
- per
- For, by, through; a versatile Italian preposition
- essi
- They; third person plural masculine pronoun
- Compresa
- Understood, included; past participle of comprendere
- Intelletto
- Intellect; the faculty of reasoning and understanding
- ci
- Us, to us; first person plural pronoun or reflexive particle
- fa
- Makes, does; third person singular of fare
- Comprendere
- To understand; to grasp meaning or include something
- Non
- Not; negation particle used before verbs
- dico
- I say; first person singular present of dire
- questo
- This; demonstrative pronoun or adjective, near the speaker
- disapprovare
- To disapprove; to express negative judgment about something
- utilità
- Utility, usefulness; the quality of being practical or beneficial
- dovrò
- I will have to; future tense of dovere
- parlare
- To speak, to talk; to communicate verbally
- seguito
- Subsequently, later; following in time or sequence
- del
- Contraction of 'di' and 'il,' meaning 'of the'
- loro
- Their, them; third person plural possessive or pronoun
- ruolo
- Role; function or part played in a context
- Stato
- State; a political entity or condition of something
- devo
- I must, I have to; first person singular of dovere
- mostrarvi
- To show you; infinitive with second person plural clitic
- occasione
- Occasion, opportunity; a suitable moment or circumstance
- quali
- Which, what; plural relative or interrogative pronoun
- andrebbero
- They should go; conditional of andare, implying obligation
- esse
- They; feminine third person plural pronoun
- corrette
- Corrected; past participle of correggere, made right
- tra
- Between, among; preposition indicating position or interval
- frequenza
- Frequency; the rate at which something occurs
- Discorso
- Discourse, speech; a formal or extended verbal expression
- privo
- Devoid of, lacking; without a certain quality
- significato
- Meaning, significance; the sense conveyed by a word or act
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