Leviathan — Page 2
When a Body is once in motion, it moveth (unless something els hinder it) eternally; and whatsoever hindreth it, cannot in an instant, but in time, and by degrees quite extinguish it:
ひとたび物体が運動を始めると、それは（他の何かが妨げない限り）永遠に動き続ける。そしてそれを妨げるものは、瞬時にではなく、時間をかけ、徐々にその運動を消し去るのである。
And as wee see in the water, though the wind cease, the waves give not over rowling for a long time after;
また、水において見られるように、風がやんでも、波はその後長い間転がり続けることをやめない。
so also it happeneth in that motion, which is made in the internall parts of a man, then, when he Sees, Dreams, &c.
同様のことが、人の内部において起こる運動にも生じるのであり、それは人が見たり、夢を見たりするときに起こる。
For after the object is removed, or the eye shut, wee still retain an image of the thing seen, though more obscure than when we see it.
なぜなら、対象物が取り除かれ、あるいは目が閉じられた後も、我々は見たものの像を保持し続けるからである。ただし、それを見ているときよりも不鮮明ではあるが。
And this is it, that Latines call Imagination, from the image made in seeing; and apply the same, though improperly, to all the other senses.
そしてこれこそが、ラテン人が「イマジネーション」と呼ぶものであり、見ることによって作られる像に由来する。そして彼らはこれを、不適切ではあるが、他のすべての感覚にも適用する。
But the Greeks call it Fancy; which signifies Apparence, and is as proper to one sense, as to another.
しかしギリシア人はそれを「ファンシー」と呼ぶ。これは「現れ」を意味し、ある感覚にも別の感覚にも等しく適切な言葉である。
Imagination therefore is nothing but Decaying Sense; and is found in men, and many other living Creatures, as well sleeping, as waking.
したがってイマジネーションとは、衰えゆく感覚に他ならない。そしてそれは、人間においても、他の多くの生き物においても、眠っているときも目覚めているときも同様に見出される。
Memory
記憶
The decay of Sense in men waking, is not the decay of the motion made in sense; but an obscuring of it, in such manner, as the light of the Sun obscureth the light of the Starres;
目覚めている人間における感覚の衰えは、感覚において生じた運動の衰えではなく、太陽の光が星々の光を覆い隠すように、その運動が覆い隠されることである。
which starrs do no less exercise their vertue by which they are visible, in the day, than in the night.
星々は昼間においても、夜と変わらず、自らを見えるものとするその力を発揮しているのである。
Vocabulary
- ひとたび
- hitotabi — Once; as soon as something begins or happens.
- 物体
- buttai — Physical object; a material body or thing.
- が
- ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.
- 運動
- undō — Motion; movement; physical exercise or activity.
- を
- o — Object marker particle indicating direct object.
- 始める
- hajimeru — To begin; to start doing something.
- と
- to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or 'when/if'.
- それ
- sore — That; it; referring to something previously mentioned.
- は
- wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence topic.
- 他
- hoka — Other; another; something or someone else.
- の
- no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.
- 何か
- nanika — Something; anything; an unspecified thing.
- 妨げ
- samatage — Obstacle; hindrance; interference preventing progress.
- ない
- nai — Negative auxiliary; does not exist or occur.
- 限り
- kagiri — As long as; unless; within a limit or boundary.
- 永遠
- eien — Eternity; forever; lasting without end.
- に
- ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or manner.
- 動き
- ugoki — Movement; motion; the act of moving.
- 続ける
- tsuzukeru — To continue; to keep doing something ongoing.
- そして
- soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting successive statements.
- 妨げる
- samatageru — To hinder; to obstruct; to interfere with something.
- もの
- mono — Thing; object; entity; something tangible or abstract.
- 瞬時
- shunji — An instant; a moment; happening in no time.
- では
- dewa — Particle combination meaning 'in that case' or 'not in'.
- なく
- naku — Without; not; negative connective form.
- 時間
- jikan — Time; hours; a duration or period of time.
- かけ
- kake — Spending time or effort on something gradually.
- 徐々
- jojo — Gradually; slowly; little by little over time.
- その
- sono — That; referring to a previously mentioned noun.
- 消し去る
- keshisaru — To erase completely; to remove or wipe out entirely.
- で
- de — Particle indicating place, means, or cause.
- ある
- aru — To exist; to be; existence of inanimate things.
- また
- mata — Also; again; furthermore; additionally connecting ideas.
- 水
- mizu — Water; the liquid substance H₂O.
- おい
- oi — In; at; used in the phrase において (in/at).
- て
- te — Conjunctive particle connecting verbs or clauses.
- 見
- mi — Seeing; looking; observing something visually.
- られる
- rareru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.
- よう
- yō — Like; as; seeming; resembling something described.
- 風
- kaze — Wind; breeze; moving air or current.
- やん
- yan — Ceasing; stopping (colloquial stem of やむ).
- も
- mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle.
- 波
- nami — Wave; a ripple or swell in water.
- その後
- sonogo — After that; subsequently; following a prior event.
- 長い
- nagai — Long; lengthy; extended in time or space.
- 間
- aida / ma — Between; interval; a period of time or space.
- 転がり
- korogari — Rolling; tumbling; moving by rotating along a surface.
- こと
- koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.
- やめ
- yame — Stopping; quitting; ceasing an action.
- 同様
- dōyō — Similarly; likewise; in the same manner.
- 人
- hito / jin — Person; human being; people in general.
- 内部
- naibu — Interior; inside; the internal part of something.
- 起こる
- okoru — To occur; to happen; to take place.
- 生じる
- shōjiru — To arise; to occur; to come into being.
- あり
- ari — Existence; being; connective form of ある.
- たり
- tari — Listing examples of actions in alternation.
- 夢
- yume — Dream; a vision experienced during sleep.
- する
- suru — To do; to perform; general-purpose action verb.
- とき
- toki — Time; moment; when a certain situation occurs.
- なぜなら
- nazenara — Because; the reason is; introducing an explanation.
- 対象物
- taishōbutsu — Target object; the specific thing being referred to.
- 取り除か
- torinozoka — Removing; eliminating; taking something away (stem form).
- れ
- re — Passive verb ending indicating an action done to subject.
- 目
- me — Eye; the organ of sight; vision.
- 閉じ
- toji — Closing; shutting (eyes or something similar).
- られ
- rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb form.
- た
- ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action.
- 後
- ato / go — After; later; subsequent to an event.
- 我々
- wareware — We; us; first-person plural pronoun (formal).
- 像
- zō — Image; figure; mental or visual representation.
- 保持
- hoji — Retention; preservation; keeping something in place.
- し
- shi — Conjunctive form of する; connecting verb clauses.
- から
- kara — From; because; indicating origin or cause.
- ただし
- tadashi — However; provided that; with the caveat that.
- いる
- iru — To be; to exist (animate beings).
- より
- yori — Than; more than; comparative marker particle.
- 不鮮明
- fusenmeі — Blurry; unclear; lacking sharpness or clarity.
- これ
- kore — This; referring to something near the speaker.
- こそ
- koso — Emphatic particle stressing the preceding word.
- ラテン
- raten — Latin; relating to the Latin language or culture.
- イマジネーション
- imajinēshon — Imagination; the faculty of forming mental images.
- 呼ぶ
- yobu — To call; to name; to summon someone or something.
- 見る
- miru — To see; to look at; to observe visually.
- よっ
- yot- — By means of; due to (contracted form of よって).
- 作ら
- tsukura — Making; creating (stem of 作る, to make).
- れる
- reru — Passive auxiliary indicating action done to subject.
- 由来
- yurai — Origin; derivation; source from which something comes.
- 彼ら
- karera — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.
- 不適切
- futekisetsu — Inappropriate; unsuitable; not fitting the context.
- すべて
- subete — All; everything; the entirety of something.
- 感覚
- kankaku — Sense; sensation; perception through the senses.
- 適用
- tekiyō — Application; applying a rule or principle to something.
- しかし
- shikashi — However; but; introducing a contrasting statement.
- ギリシア
- girisha — Greece; relating to Greek language or culture.
- ファンシー
- fanshī — Fancy; imagination; decorative or whimsical quality.
- 現れ
- araware — Appearance; manifestation; coming into view.
- 意味
- imi — Meaning; significance; what a word or thing denotes.
- 別
- betsu — Different; separate; another distinct thing or case.
- 等しく
- hitoshiku — Equally; evenly; in the same degree or manner.
- 適切
- tekisetsu — Appropriate; suitable; fitting for the situation.
- な
- na — Adjectival copula linking な-adjectives to nouns.
- 言葉
- kotoba — Word; language; expression used in communication.
- したがって
- shitagatte — Therefore; consequently; as a result of that.
- 衰え
- otoroe — Decline; weakening; loss of strength over time.
- ゆく
- yuku — To go; to proceed; gradually moving toward a state.
- なら
- nara — If; given that; conditional particle in context.
- 人間
- ningen — Human being; humanity; people as a species.
- 多く
- ōku — Many; much; a large number or quantity.
- 生き物
- ikimono — Living creature; organism; any form of life.
- 眠っ
- nemut- — Sleeping; being asleep (stem of 眠る, to sleep).
- 目覚め
- mezame — Awakening; waking up from sleep.
- 見出さ
- miidasa — Finding; discovering; noticing something present.
- 記憶
- kioku — Memory; recollection; stored information in the mind.
- おける
- okeru — In; at; within a certain context or place.
- 生じ
- shōji — Arising; occurring (conjunctive form of 生じる).
- 太陽
- taiyō — The sun; the star at the center of our solar system.
- 光
- hikari — Light; brightness; radiance from a light source.
- 星々
- hoshiboshi — Stars; many stars scattered across the sky.
- 覆い隠す
- ōikakusu — To cover and hide; to conceal something completely.
- 覆い隠さ
- ōikakusa — Covering and hiding (stem/passive form of 覆い隠す).
- 昼間
- hiruma — Daytime; the hours when the sun is shining.
- 夜
- yoru — Night; nighttime; the dark hours after sunset.
- 変わら
- kawara — Unchanging (negative stem of 変わる, to change).
- ず
- zu — Negative auxiliary meaning 'without doing' or 'not'.
- 自ら
- mizukara — Oneself; by one's own accord; personally.
- 見える
- mieru — To be visible; to appear; to seem a certain way.
- 力
- chikara — Power; strength; force; ability or capability.
- 発揮
- hakki — Displaying; demonstrating; exerting one's ability fully.
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