Leviathan — Page 1
That when a thing lies still, unlesse somewhat els stirre it, it will lye still for ever, is a truth that no man doubts of.
物が静止しているとき、他の何かがそれを動かさない限り、それは永遠に静止し続けるというのは、誰も疑わない真理である。
But that when a thing is in motion, it will eternally be in motion, unless somewhat els stay it, though the reason be the same, (namely, that nothing can change it selfe,) is not so easily assented to.
しかし、物が運動しているとき、他の何かがそれを止めない限り、それは永遠に運動し続けるというのは、理由は同じであるにもかかわらず(すなわち、いかなるものも自らを変化させることはできないということ)、なかなか容易には同意されない。
For men measure, not onely other men, but all other things, by themselves: and because they find themselves subject after motion to pain, and lassitude, think every thing els growes weary of motion, and seeks repose of its own accord;
なぜなら、人間は他の人間だけでなく、あらゆるものを自分自身を基準にして測るからであり、運動の後に苦痛と倦怠感を覚えることに気づくため、他のあらゆるものも運動に飽き、自ら進んで休息を求めると考えるのである。
little considering, whether it be not some other motion, wherein that desire of rest they find in themselves, consisteth.
自分たちの内に感じるその休息への欲求が、他の何らかの運動にあるのではないかということを、ほとんど考慮しないまま。
From hence it is, that the Schooles say, Heavy bodies fall downwards, out of an appetite to rest, and to conserve their nature in that place which is most proper for them;
このことから、学派は、重い物体は休息への欲求から、そして自らの本性を最もふさわしい場所において保存するために、下方へ落下すると言うのである。
ascribing appetite, and Knowledge of what is good for their conservation, (which is more than man has) to things inanimate absurdly.
自らの保存に何が善であるかという欲求と知識を(それは人間が持つもの以上のものであるが)、無生物に不合理にも帰属させながら。
Vocabulary
- 物
- mono — Thing, object, or physical matter
- が
- ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar
- 静止
- seishi — Stillness, being stationary, at rest
- し
- shi — Conjunctive form of suru (to do)
- て
- te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases
- いる
- iru — To exist, to be (for animate things)
- とき
- toki — Time, moment, when something occurs
- 他
- hoka — Other, another, something else
- の
- no — Possessive or nominalizing particle
- 何
- nani — What, something, anything
- か
- ka — Question particle or uncertainty marker
- それ
- sore — That, referring to something previously mentioned
- を
- wo — Direct object marker particle
- 動かさ
- ugokasa — To move something, causative stem form
- ない
- nai — Negative auxiliary; does not, is not
- 限り
- kagiri — As long as, unless, limit or boundary
- は
- wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese
- 永遠
- eien — Eternity, forever, everlasting
- に
- ni — Directional or locative particle; at, to, in
- 続ける
- tsuzukeru — To continue doing something indefinitely
- と
- to — Quotation particle or conjunctive and
- いう
- iu — To say, to be called, to state
- 誰
- dare — Who, anyone, someone
- も
- mo — Also, even, nobody (with negative)
- 疑わ
- utagawa — To doubt, stem form of疑う
- 真理
- shinri — Truth, universal principle or fact
- で
- de — Copula particle; at, by, with means
- ある
- aru — To be, to exist (for inanimate things)
- しかし
- shikashi — However, but, nonetheless
- 運動
- undou — Motion, movement, physical exercise
- 止め
- tome — To stop, halt, stem form of止める
- 理由
- riyuu — Reason, cause, rationale
- 同じ
- onaji — Same, identical, equal
- かかわら
- kakawara — Regardless of, notwithstanding (stem)
- ず
- zu — Negative suffix meaning without doing
- すなわち
- sunawachi — That is, namely, in other words
- いかなる
- ikanaru — Any, whatever, no matter what kind
- もの
- mono — Thing, person, entity (nominalizer)
- 自ら
- mizukara — Oneself, by oneself, personally
- 変化
- henka — Change, transformation, variation
- さ
- sa — Causative or nominalizing suffix form
- せる
- seru — Causative auxiliary verb; to make/let do
- こと
- koto — Thing, fact, nominalizer for verb phrases
- でき
- To be able to, can do (stem)
- なかなか
- nakanaka — Quite, considerably; not easily (with negative)
- 容易
- youi — Easy, simple, without difficulty
- 同意
- doui — Agreement, consent, approval
- れ
- re — Passive or potential auxiliary suffix form
- なぜなら
- nazenara — Because, the reason is that
- 人間
- ningen — Human being, humanity, person
- だけ
- dake — Only, just, merely, no more than
- なく
- naku — Without, not being (conjunctive negative)
- あらゆる
- arayuru — All, every, any possible kind
- 自分
- jibun — Oneself, one's own self
- 自身
- jishin — Oneself, itself, personally
- 基準
- kijun — Standard, criterion, benchmark
- 測る
- hakaru — To measure, gauge, assess
- から
- kara — From, because, after (particle)
- あり
- ari — To be, to exist (stem of ある)
- 後
- nochi / ato — After, later, behind in time
- 苦痛
- kutsuu — Pain, suffering, anguish
- 倦怠感
- kentaikan — Feeling of fatigue, weariness, lethargy
- 覚える
- oboeru — To feel, to remember, to perceive
- 気づく
- kizuku — To notice, to become aware of
- ため
- tame — For the sake of, because, purpose
- 飽き
- aki — Boredom, weariness, getting tired of
- 進ん
- susunn — To advance, to proceed (conjunctive stem)
- 休息
- kyuusoku — Rest, repose, a break from activity
- 求める
- motomeru — To seek, to desire, to request
- 考える
- kangaeru — To think, to consider, to reflect on
- たち
- tachi — Plural suffix for people or beings
- 内
- uchi / nai — Inside, within, among
- 感じる
- kanjiru — To feel, to sense, to experience
- その
- sono — That, the (demonstrative adjective)
- へ
- e — Directional particle; toward, to
- 欲求
- yokkyuu — Desire, craving, urge or want
- 何らか
- naniraka — Some kind of, some sort of
- ほとんど
- hotondo — Almost, mostly, nearly all
- 考慮
- kouryo — Consideration, deliberation, taking into account
- まま
- mama — As is, remaining in a state unchanged
- この
- kono — This (demonstrative adjective near speaker)
- 学派
- gakuha — School of thought, academic sect
- 重い
- omoi — Heavy, weighty, serious
- 物体
- buttai — Physical object, body, material thing
- そして
- soshite — And then, and also, furthermore
- 本性
- honsei — True nature, inherent character, essence
- 最も
- mottomo — Most, extremely, above all others
- ふさわしい
- fusawashii — Suitable, fitting, appropriate for
- 場所
- basho — Place, location, spot, position
- おい
- oi — At, in (old/literary form of に おいて)
- 保存
- hozon — Preservation, conservation, saving
- する
- suru — To do, to perform, to make happen
- 下方
- kahou — Downward direction, lower region
- 落下
- rakka — Falling down, dropping, descent
- 言う
- iu — To say, to speak, to state
- 善
- zen — Good, virtue, goodness, moral right
- 知識
- chishiki — Knowledge, information, learning
- 持つ
- motsu — To have, to hold, to possess
- 以上
- ijou — More than, above, that is all
- 無生物
- musebutsu — Inanimate object, non-living thing
- 不合理
- fugouri — Irrational, unreasonable, illogical
- 帰属
- kizoku — Attribution, belonging, affiliation to group
- せ
- se — Causative stem; to make or let do
- ながら
- nagara — While doing, although, at the same time
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