Leviathan — Page 3
Neither Thomas Hobbes nor his typesetters seem to have had many inhibitions about spelling and punctuation.
Nem Thomas Hobbes nem seus tipógrafos parecem ter tido muitas inibições quanto à ortografia e à pontuação.
I have tried to reproduce both exactly, with the exception of the introduction of quotation marks.
Procurei reproduzir ambas com exatidão, com exceção da introdução das aspas.
In preparing the text, I have found that it has much more meaning if I read it with sub-vocalization, or aloud, rather than trying to read silently.
Ao preparar o texto, descobri que ele tem muito mais sentido se o leio com subvocalização, ou em voz alta, em vez de tentar ler em silêncio.
Hobbes' use of emphasis and his eccentric punctuation and construction seem then to work.
O uso que Hobbes faz da ênfase e sua pontuação e construção excêntricas parecem então funcionar.
TO MY MOST HONOR'D FRIEND Mr. FRANCIS GODOLPHIN of GODOLPHIN
AO MEU MAIS HONRADO AMIGO Sr. FRANCIS GODOLPHIN de GODOLPHIN
HONOR'D SIR.
HONRADO SENHOR.
Your most worthy Brother Mr SIDNEY GODOLPHIN, when he lived, was pleas'd to think my studies something, and otherwise to oblige me, as you know, with reall testimonies of his good opinion, great in themselves, and the greater for the worthinesse of his person.
Seu mui digno Irmão, o Sr. SIDNEY GODOLPHIN, enquanto viveu, se compraziu em considerar meus estudos algo de valor, e de outro modo a me obrigar, como o senhor sabe, com reais testemunhos de sua boa opinião, grandes em si mesmos, e tanto maiores pela dignidade de sua pessoa.
For there is not any vertue that disposeth a man, either to the service of God, or to the service of his Country, to Civill Society, or private Friendship, that did not manifestly appear in his conversation, not as acquired by necessity, or affected upon occasion, but inhaerent, and shining in a generous constitution of his nature.
Pois não há virtude alguma que disponha um homem, seja ao serviço de Deus, seja ao serviço de sua Pátria, à Sociedade Civil, ou à Amizade privada, que não tenha aparecido manifestamente em seu convívio, não como adquirida por necessidade, ou afetada por ocasião, mas inerente e resplandecente numa generosa constituição de sua natureza.
Therefore in honour and gratitude to him, and with devotion to your selfe, I humbly Dedicate unto you this my discourse of Common-wealth.
Portanto, em honra e gratidão a ele, e com devoção ao senhor mesmo, humildemente Dedico ao senhor este meu discurso sobre o Estado.
I know not how the world will receive it, nor how it may reflect on those that shall seem to favour it.
Não sei como o mundo o receberá, nem como poderá isso recair sobre aqueles que pareçam favorecê-lo.
Vocabulary
- Nem
- neng — Neither; nor; not even
- nem
- neng — Neither; nor; not even
- seus
- say-ooz — His, her, their, your (possessive pronoun)
- parecem
- pah-reh-seng — They seem; they appear to be
- ter
- tehr — To have; auxiliary verb for perfect tenses
- tido
- tee-doo — Had; past participle of ter
- muitas
- mwee-tahz — Many; a large number of (feminine)
- quanto
- kwahn-too — How much; as much as; regarding
- à
- ah — To the (feminine contraction of a+a)
- e
- ee — And; connecting word joining elements
- Procurei
- proh-koo-ray — I tried; I sought; I attempted
- reproduzir
- heh-proh-doo-zeer — To reproduce; to copy or replicate accurately
- ambas
- ahm-bahz — Both (feminine plural); both of them
- com
- kong — With; together with; using
- exatidão
- eh-zah-tee-downg — Exactness; precision; accuracy in detail
- exceção
- eh-seh-sowng — Exception; something excluded from a rule
- da
- dah — Of the (feminine contraction of de+a)
- introdução
- een-troh-doo-sowng — Introduction; opening section of a text
- das
- dahz — Of the (feminine plural contraction)
- aspas
- ahz-pahz — Quotation marks; punctuation enclosing quoted text
- Ao
- ow — To the (masculine contraction of a+o)
- preparar
- preh-pah-rahr — To prepare; to get something ready
- o
- oo — The (masculine singular definite article)
- texto
- tesh-too — Text; written content of a document
- descobri
- desh-koh-bree — I discovered; I found out unexpectedly
- que
- keh — That; which; what (conjunction/pronoun)
- ele
- eh-lee — He; it (third person masculine pronoun)
- tem
- teng — Has; there is (third person singular)
- muito
- mwee-too — Very; much; a lot of
- mais
- mahyz — More; additional; greater in quantity
- sentido
- sen-tee-doo — Meaning; sense; felt or perceived significance
- se
- seh — If; oneself; reflexive/conditional particle
- leio
- lay-oo — I read (first person singular present)
- ou
- oh — Or; alternative conjunction
- em
- eng — In; at; on (preposition of location)
- voz
- vohz — Voice; sound produced by speaking
- alta
- ahl-tah — Loud; high; aloud (feminine adjective)
- vez
- vehz — Time; turn; instance of an action
- de
- deh — Of; from; belonging to (preposition)
- tentar
- ten-tahr — To try; to attempt something
- ler
- lehr — To read; to interpret written text
- silêncio
- see-len-see-oo — Silence; absence of sound or noise
- uso
- oo-zoo — Use; usage; the act of using
- faz
- fahz — Makes; does (third person singular present)
- ênfase
- en-fah-zee — Emphasis; stress placed on particular words
- sua
- soo-ah — His, her, your, their (feminine possessive)
- construção
- cons-troo-sowng — Construction; structure; the way something is built
- excêntricas
- eh-sen-tree-kahz — Eccentric; unconventional; odd (feminine plural)
- então
- en-towng — Then; so; therefore; at that time
- funcionar
- foon-see-oh-nahr — To function; to work; to operate properly
- MEU
- may-oo — My; mine (masculine possessive pronoun)
- HONRADO
- on-rah-doo — Honored; respected; held in high esteem
- AMIGO
- ah-mee-goo — Friend; a person one has affection for
- Sr
- sen-yor — Mr.; abbreviation for Senhor (Mister)
- SENHOR
- sen-yor — Mister; lord; respectful form of address
- Seu
- say-oo — Your; his; her (formal possessive pronoun)
- digno
- deeg-noo — Worthy; deserving of respect or honor
- Irmão
- eer-mowng — Brother; male sibling
- enquanto
- en-kwahn-too — While; as long as; whereas
- viveu
- vee-vay-oo — Lived; was alive (third person past)
- considerar
- kon-see-deh-rahr — To consider; to think about carefully
- meus
- may-ooz — My; mine (masculine plural possessive)
- estudos
- esh-too-dooz — Studies; scholarly works or academic pursuits
- algo
- ahl-goo — Something; somewhat; a certain amount
- valor
- vah-lor — Value; worth; importance or merit
- outro
- oh-troo — Other; another; different one
- modo
- moh-doo — Way; manner; method of doing something
- a
- ah — The (feminine singular definite article)
- me
- meh — Me; myself (first person object pronoun)
- obrigar
- oh-bree-gahr — To oblige; to compel; to bind someone
- como
- koh-moo — As; like; how (conjunction/adverb)
- senhor
- sen-yor — Mister; sir; respectful form of address
- sabe
- sah-bee — Knows; you know (third person singular)
- reais
- heh-ahyz — Real; genuine; true (masculine plural)
- testemunhos
- tesh-teh-moon-yooz — Testimonies; proofs; evidence of something
- boa
- boh-ah — Good; fine; positive (feminine adjective)
- opinião
- oh-peen-yowng — Opinion; personal view or judgment
- grandes
- grahn-deez — Great; large; significant (plural adjective)
- si
- see — Himself; herself; themselves (reflexive pronoun)
- mesmos
- mez-mooz — Themselves; same (emphatic reflexive pronoun)
- tanto
- tahn-too — So much; as much; to such a degree
- maiores
- my-oh-reez — Greater; larger; bigger (plural comparative)
- pela
- peh-lah — By the; through the (feminine contraction)
- dignidade
- deeg-nee-dah-dee — Dignity; worthiness; noble quality of character
- pessoa
- peh-soh-ah — Person; individual human being
- Pois
- poysh — Because; for; since; well (conjunction)
- não
- nowng — No; not; negation particle
- há
- ah — There is; there are; exists
- virtude
- veer-too-dee — Virtue; moral excellence; positive character trait
- alguma
- ahl-goo-mah — Some; any (feminine singular indefinite)
- um
- oong — A; an; one (masculine indefinite article)
- homem
- oh-meng — Man; human male; person
- seja
- say-zhah — Be; may be (subjunctive of ser)
- ao
- ow — To the (masculine contraction of a+o)
- serviço
- sehr-vee-soo — Service; work done for others
- Deus
- day-ooz — God; the divine being
- Pátria
- pah-tree-ah — Homeland; fatherland; one's native country
- Sociedade
- soh-see-eh-dah-dee — Society; organized community of people
- Civil
- see-veel — Civil; relating to citizens or community
- Amizade
- ah-mee-zah-dee — Friendship; close bond between people
- privada
- pree-vah-dah — Private; personal; not public (feminine)
- tenha
- ten-yah — Has; may have (subjunctive of ter)
- aparecido
- ah-pah-reh-see-doo — Appeared; shown up (past participle)
- seu
- say-oo — His; her; your (masculine possessive pronoun)
- adquirida
- ah-dkee-ree-dah — Acquired; obtained; gained over time (feminine)
- por
- por — By; through; for; because of (preposition)
- necessidade
- neh-seh-see-dah-dee — Necessity; need; something required
- afetada
- ah-feh-tah-dah — Affected; pretended; put on artificially
- ocasião
- oh-kah-zee-owng — Occasion; opportunity; specific moment or event
- mas
- mahz — But; however; yet (adversative conjunction)
- inerente
- ee-neh-ren-tee — Inherent; naturally part of something's nature
- numa
- noo-mah — In a; within a (contraction of em+uma)
- generosa
- zheh-neh-roh-zah — Generous; noble; giving in nature (feminine)
- constituição
- kon-stee-too-ee-sowng — Constitution; natural makeup; fundamental structure
- natureza
- nah-too-reh-zah — Nature; the natural world; inherent character
- Portanto
- por-tahn-too — Therefore; so; consequently (logical connector)
- honra
- on-rah — Honor; respect; high moral reputation
- gratidão
- grah-tee-downg — Gratitude; thankfulness; appreciation for kindness
- devoção
- deh-voh-sowng — Devotion; deep dedication or loyalty
- mesmo
- mez-moo — Same; even; himself; very (adverb/adjective)
- humildemente
- oo-meel-deh-men-tee — Humbly; in a modest, unpretentious manner
- Dedico
- deh-dee-koo — I dedicate; I offer this work to
- este
- esh-tee — This (masculine demonstrative pronoun/adjective)
- discurso
- deesh-koor-soo — Discourse; speech; written or spoken treatise
- sobre
- soh-bree — About; on; concerning (preposition)
- Estado
- esh-tah-doo — State; political entity; government body
- Não
- nowng — No; not; negation particle
- sei
- say — I know (first person singular of saber)
- mundo
- moon-doo — World; Earth; all of humanity
- receberá
- heh-seh-beh-rah — Will receive; will accept (future tense)
- poderá
- poh-deh-rah — Will be able to; may (future tense)
- isso
- ee-soo — That; this; it (neutral demonstrative pronoun)
- aqueles
- ah-keh-leez — Those (masculine plural demonstrative pronoun)
- pareçam
- pah-reh-sahng — Seem; appear (subjunctive plural of parecer)
- favorecê-lo
- fah-voh-reh-seh-loo — To favor it; to support it; to promote it
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