Leviathan — Page 10
I say the similitude of Passions, which are the same in all men, Desire, Feare, Hope, &c; not the similitude or The Objects of the Passions, which are the things Desired, Feared, Hoped, &c: for these the constitution individuall, and particular education do so vary, and they are so easie to be kept from our knowledge, that the characters of mans heart, blotted and confounded as they are, with dissembling, lying, counterfeiting, and erroneous doctrines, are legible onely to him that searcheth hearts.
Digo a semelhança das Paixões, que são as mesmas em todos os homens, o Desejo, o Medo, a Esperança, etc; não a semelhança dos Objetos das Paixões, que são as coisas Desejadas, Temidas, Esperadas, etc: pois a constituição individual e a educação particular variam tanto, e são tão fáceis de manter fora do nosso conhecimento, que os caracteres do coração do homem, apagados e confundidos como estão, com a dissimulação, a mentira, a falsificação e as doutrinas errôneas, são legíveis somente àquele que esquadrinha os corações.
And though by mens actions wee do discover their designee sometimes; yet to do it without comparing them with our own, and distinguishing all circumstances, by which the case may come to be altered, is to decypher without a key, and be for the most part deceived, by too much trust, or by too much diffidence; as he that reads, is himselfe a good or evill man.
E embora pelas ações dos homens descubramos às vezes os seus desígnios, fazê-lo sem compará-los com os nossos próprios, e sem distinguir todas as circunstâncias pelas quais o caso pode vir a ser alterado, é decifrar sem uma chave, e ser na maior parte das vezes enganado, por excesso de confiança ou por excesso de desconfiança; conforme aquele que lê seja ele próprio um homem bom ou mau.
But let one man read another by his actions never so perfectly, it serves him onely with his acquaintance, which are but few.
Mas ainda que um homem leia outro pelas suas ações de forma perfeitíssima, isso lhe serve apenas com os seus conhecidos, que são poucos.
He that is to govern a whole Nation, must read in himselfe, not this, or that particular man; but Man-kind; which though it be hard to do, harder than to learn any Language, or Science; yet, when I shall have set down my own reading orderly, and perspicuously, the pains left another, will be onely to consider, if he also find not the same in himselfe.
Aquele que há de governar uma Nação inteira deve ler em si mesmo, não este ou aquele homem em particular, mas a Humanidade; o que, ainda que seja difícil de fazer, mais difícil do que aprender qualquer Língua ou Ciência, contudo, quando eu houver exposto a minha própria leitura de forma ordenada e clara, o trabalho que resta a outro será apenas considerar se ele também não encontra o mesmo em si mesmo.
For this kind of Doctrine, admitteth no other Demonstration.
Pois este tipo de Doutrina não admite outra Demonstração.
Vocabulary
- Digo
- I say; first person singular of dizer
- semelhança
- similarity, resemblance between things or people
- Paixões
- passions, strong emotional drives or feelings
- mesmas
- same (feminine plural); identical ones
- homens
- men, human beings (masculine plural noun)
- Desejo
- desire, strong wish or longing for something
- Medo
- fear, feeling of anxiety about danger or threat
- Esperança
- hope, expectation of something positive to come
- Objetos
- objects, things or items being referred to
- Desejadas
- desired, things that are wished or longed for
- Temidas
- feared, things that cause fear or dread
- Esperadas
- expected, things that are anticipated or hoped for
- pois
- because, since, for (causal conjunction)
- constituição
- constitution, individual makeup or fundamental structure
- individual
- individual, relating to a single person or thing
- educação
- education, upbringing, process of learning and teaching
- particular
- particular, specific to one person or case
- variam
- vary, differ; third person plural of variar
- tanto
- so much, as much (degree adverb)
- tão
- so, as (adverb of degree before adjective)
- fáceis
- easy (plural adjective, masculine or feminine)
- manter
- to maintain, keep, sustain something
- fora
- outside, beyond (adverb or preposition of location)
- conhecimento
- knowledge, understanding or awareness of something
- caracteres
- characters, traits or distinguishing marks of persons
- coração
- heart, emotional center or inner feelings
- homem
- man, human being (masculine singular noun)
- apagados
- erased, blotted out, no longer visible
- confundidos
- confused, mixed up, blended together indistinctly
- dissimulação
- dissimulation, concealment of true feelings or intentions
- mentira
- lie, falsehood, untrue statement
- falsificação
- falsification, act of making something false or fraudulent
- doutrinas
- doctrines, sets of beliefs or teachings
- errôneas
- erroneous, mistaken, based on error (feminine plural)
- legíveis
- legible, readable, able to be understood or deciphered
- somente
- only, solely, exclusively (adverb)
- àquele
- to that one (contraction of a + aquele)
- esquadrinha
- scrutinizes, examines closely; third person singular
- corações
- hearts (plural of coração); inner feelings
- embora
- although, even though (concessive conjunction)
- ações
- actions, deeds performed by someone
- descubramos
- we discover; first person plural subjunctive of descobrir
- vezes
- times, occasions (plural); às vezes means sometimes
- desígnios
- designs, intentions, purposes or plans
- fazê-lo
- to do it; infinitive with clitic pronoun attached
- sem
- without (preposition indicating absence)
- compará-los
- to compare them; infinitive with clitic pronoun
- próprios
- own, one's own (masculine plural adjective)
- distinguir
- to distinguish, differentiate between different things
- circunstâncias
- circumstances, conditions surrounding an event or action
- quais
- which, what (interrogative or relative pronoun, plural)
- caso
- case, situation or instance being considered
- vir
- to come; infinitive of the irregular verb vir
- alterado
- altered, changed, modified from the original state
- decifrar
- to decipher, decode or interpret hidden meaning
- chave
- key, instrument for unlocking or decoding something
- maior
- greater, larger, biggest (comparative adjective)
- parte
- part, portion or section of something
- enganado
- deceived, fooled, misled by someone or something
- excesso
- excess, too much of something beyond normal limits
- confiança
- confidence, trust, reliance placed in someone
- desconfiança
- distrust, suspicion, lack of confidence in others
- conforme
- according to, depending on, in accordance with
- aquele
- that one, that (masculine singular demonstrative pronoun)
- lê
- reads; third person singular present of ler
- seja
- be; third person singular present subjunctive of ser
- próprio
- own, itself, one's own (masculine singular adjective)
- mau
- bad, evil (masculine singular adjective)
- ainda
- still, yet, even (temporal or intensifying adverb)
- leia
- read; third person singular present subjunctive of ler
- forma
- form, shape, manner or way of doing something
- perfeitíssima
- most perfect, absolutely perfect (superlative feminine form)
- lhe
- to him, to her, to you (indirect object pronoun)
- serve
- serves, is useful for; third person singular of servir
- apenas
- only, merely, just (limiting adverb)
- conhecidos
- known, acquaintances, people one knows personally
- poucos
- few, not many (masculine plural adjective or pronoun)
- Aquele
- he who, that one who (demonstrative pronoun)
- há
- there is, there are; third person of haver
- governar
- to govern, rule, lead a nation or group
- Nação
- nation, country, people sharing common identity
- inteira
- entire, whole, complete (feminine singular adjective)
- deve
- must, should, owes; third person singular of dever
- ler
- to read; infinitive of the verb ler
- si
- oneself, himself, herself (reflexive pronoun)
- mesmo
- self, same (pronoun or adjective for emphasis)
- este
- this, this one (masculine singular demonstrative pronoun)
- Humanidade
- humanity, humankind, the quality of being human
- difícil
- difficult, hard, not easy to do or understand
- aprender
- to learn, to acquire knowledge or skills
- qualquer
- any, whichever (indefinite adjective or pronoun)
- Língua
- language, tongue; means of verbal communication
- Ciência
- science, systematic knowledge or academic discipline
- contudo
- however, nevertheless, yet (concessive connective)
- quando
- when (temporal conjunction or adverb)
- houver
- there is or have; future subjunctive of haver
- exposto
- exposed, laid out, presented clearly for others
- própria
- own, one's own (feminine singular adjective)
- leitura
- reading, the act or content of reading
- ordenada
- ordered, organized, arranged in a systematic way
- clara
- clear, easy to understand (feminine singular adjective)
- trabalho
- work, labor, task or effort applied to something
- resta
- remains, is left; third person singular of restar
- será
- will be; third person singular future of ser
- considerar
- to consider, think about, reflect on something carefully
- também
- also, too, as well (additive adverb)
- encontra
- finds, meets, encounters; third person singular of encontrar
- Pois
- for, since, because (causal conjunction)
- tipo
- type, kind, sort of something
- Doutrina
- doctrine, body of teachings or principles
- admite
- admits, allows, accepts; third person singular of admitir
- Demonstração
- demonstration, proof or logical showing of something
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