Leviathan — Page 1

English → Pt CHAPTER I. OF SENSE Level 9/10

Concerning the Thoughts of man, I will consider them first Singly, and afterwards in Trayne, or dependance upon one another.

Acerca dos Pensamentos do homem, considerá-los-ei primeiro Individualmente, e depois em Série, ou dependência uns dos outros.

Singly, they are every one a Representation or Apparence, of some quality, or other Accident of a body without us; which is commonly called an Object.

Individualmente, cada um deles é uma Representação ou Aparência, de alguma qualidade, ou outro Acidente de um corpo fora de nós; ao qual se chama comumente um Objeto.

Which Object worketh on the Eyes, Eares, and other parts of mans body; and by diversity of working, produceth diversity of Apparences.

Tal Objeto age sobre os Olhos, Ouvidos, e outras partes do corpo do homem; e pela diversidade de sua ação, produz diversidade de Aparências.

The Originall of them all, is that which we call Sense; (For there is no conception in a mans mind, which hath not at first, totally, or by parts, been begotten upon the organs of Sense.)

A Origem de todos eles é aquilo a que chamamos Sentido; (Pois não há concepção na mente de um homem que não tenha sido, primeiramente, total ou parcialmente, gerada nos órgãos do Sentido.)

The rest are derived from that originall.

Os demais derivam dessa origem.

To know the naturall cause of Sense, is not very necessary to the business now in hand; and I have els-where written of the same at large.

Conhecer a causa natural do Sentido não é muito necessário para o assunto ora em questão; e já escrevi sobre o mesmo extensamente em outro lugar.

Nevertheless, to fill each part of my present method, I will briefly deliver the same in this place.

Não obstante, para preencher cada parte do meu método presente, expô-lo-ei brevemente neste lugar.

The cause of Sense, is the Externall Body, or Object, which presseth the organ proper to each Sense, either immediatly, as in the Tast and Touch; or mediately, as in Seeing, Hearing, and Smelling:

A causa do Sentido é o Corpo Externo, ou Objeto, que pressiona o órgão próprio a cada Sentido, seja imediatamente, como no Paladar e no Tato; seja mediatamente, como na Visão, na Audição e no Olfato:

which pressure, by the mediation of Nerves, and other strings, and membranes of the body, continued inwards to the Brain, and Heart, causeth there a resistance, or counter-pressure, or endeavour of the heart, to deliver it self:

tal pressão, pela mediação dos Nervos, e de outros filamentos, e membranas do corpo, continuada para dentro até o Cérebro e o Coração, provoca aí uma resistência, ou contrapressão, ou esforço do coração para se libertar:

which endeavour because Outward, seemeth to be some matter without.

tal esforço, por ser voltado para Fora, parece ser alguma coisa exterior.

Vocabulary

Acerca: ah-SAIR-kah — About, concerning, or regarding a topic
dos: doosh — Contraction of 'de' and 'os', meaning 'of the'
Pensamentos: pen-sah-MEN-toosh — Thoughts; ideas formed in the mind
do: doo — Contraction of 'de' and 'o', meaning 'of the'
homem: OH-mayn — Man; an adult male human being
primeiro: pree-MAY-roo — First; occurring before all others
Individualmente: een-dee-vee-dwahl-MEN-teh — Individually; each one separately on its own
e: eh — And; coordinating conjunction linking elements
depois: deh-POYSH — After, then, subsequently in time or order
em: ayn — In, at; common Portuguese preposition of location
Série: SEH-ree-eh — Series; a sequence or set of related things
ou: oh — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative choice
dependência: deh-pen-DEN-see-ah — Dependence; state of relying on something else
uns: oonsh — Some; indefinite plural masculine pronoun or article
outros: OH-troosh — Others; the remaining or different ones
cada: KAH-dah — Each; every individual one of a group
um: oom — One; indefinite article or the number one
deles: DEH-lesh — Of them; third person plural masculine pronoun
é: eh — Is; third person singular present of 'ser'
uma: OO-mah — A, an; feminine indefinite article in Portuguese
Representação: reh-preh-zen-tah-SOWNG — Representation; something standing in for something else
Aparência: ah-pah-REN-see-ah — Appearance; how something looks or seems outwardly
de: deh — Of, from; extremely common Portuguese preposition
alguma: ahl-GOO-mah — Some; feminine indefinite pronoun indicating unspecified thing
qualidade: kwah-lee-DAH-deh — Quality; a characteristic or property of something
outro: OH-troo — Other, another; referring to a different thing
Acidente: ah-see-DEN-teh — Accident or accidental property; non-essential attribute
corpo: KOR-poo — Body; the physical structure of a person
fora: FOH-rah — Outside, out; beyond or exterior to something
nós: nosh — We, us; first person plural personal pronoun
ao: ow — To the; contraction of preposition 'a' and 'o'
qual: kwahl — Which; relative or interrogative pronoun in Portuguese
se: seh — Reflexive pronoun; oneself, or if in conditionals
chama: SHAH-mah — Calls, is called; third person singular of chamar
comumente: koh-moo-MEN-teh — Commonly; in a usual or ordinary manner
Objeto: ob-JEH-too — Object; a material thing that can be perceived
Tal: tahl — Such; of that kind or degree mentioned
age: AH-zheh — Acts; third person singular of 'agir', to act
sobre: SOH-breh — On, over, about; preposition indicating position or topic
os: oosh — The; masculine plural definite article in Portuguese
Olhos: OH-lyoosh — Eyes; the organs used for seeing
Ouvidos: oh-VEE-doosh — Ears; the organs used for hearing sounds
outras: OH-trahsh — Other; feminine plural form referring to more things
partes: PAR-tesh — Parts; sections or portions of a larger whole
pela: PEH-lah — By the; contraction of 'por' and 'a'
diversidade: dee-ver-see-DAH-deh — Diversity; variety or difference among things or actions
sua: SOO-ah — Its, her, his; third person possessive adjective
ação: ah-SOWNG — Action; the process of doing or acting
produz: proh-DOOSH — Produces; brings about or generates a result
Aparências: ah-pah-REN-see-ahsh — Appearances; plural outward looks or impressions
A: ah — The; feminine singular definite article in Portuguese
Origem: oh-REE-zhayn — Origin; the starting point or source of something
todos: TOH-doosh — All, every; referring to an entire group
eles: EH-lesh — They, them; third person plural masculine pronoun
aquilo: ah-KEE-loo — That thing; neuter demonstrative pronoun referring to something
a: ah — To, the; preposition or feminine definite article
que: keh — That, which, what; versatile conjunction or pronoun
chamamos: shah-MAH-moosh — We call; first person plural of 'chamar'
Sentido: sen-TEE-doo — Sense; faculty by which external stimuli are perceived
Pois: poysh — For, because, since; causal conjunction in Portuguese
não: nowng — No, not; primary negation word in Portuguese
há: ah — There is, there are; existential form of 'haver'
concepção: kon-sep-SOWNG — Conception; an idea or notion formed in mind
na: nah — In the; contraction of 'em' and 'a'
mente: MEN-teh — Mind; the faculty of thinking and reasoning
tenha: TEN-yah — Has; third person singular present subjunctive of ter
sido: SEE-doo — Been; past participle of 'ser', to be
primeiramente: pree-may-rah-MEN-teh — Firstly; in the first place or originally
total: toh-TAHL — Total, whole; complete or fully encompassing
parcialmente: par-see-ahl-MEN-teh — Partially; in part, not completely or wholly
gerada: zheh-RAH-dah — Generated, produced; feminine past participle of gerar
nos: noosh — In the, us; contraction or object pronoun
órgãos: OR-gowngsh — Organs; body parts performing specific vital functions
Os: oosh — The; masculine plural definite article in Portuguese
demais: deh-MYSH — The rest, the others; all remaining ones
derivam: deh-REE-vahm — Derive; they originate or come from a source
dessa: DEH-sah — From that; contraction of 'de' and 'essa'
origem: oh-REE-zhayn — Origin; source from which something comes or derives
Conhecer: koh-nyeh-SAIR — To know; to be acquainted with or understand
causa: KOW-zah — Cause; something that produces an effect or result
natural: nah-too-RAHL — Natural; relating to or existing in nature
muito: Very, much; indicating a high degree or quantity
necessário: neh-seh-SAH-ree-oo — Necessary; required or essential for a purpose
para: PAH-rah — For, to; preposition indicating purpose or direction
o: oo — The; masculine singular definite article in Portuguese
assunto: ah-SOON-too — Subject, matter; the topic being discussed or treated
ora: OH-rah — Now, at this point; discourse marker in text
questão: kesh-TOWNG — Question, issue; a matter under discussion or debate
já: zhah — Already, now; indicating something done or current
escrevi: esh-kreh-VEE — I wrote; first person singular preterite of escrever
mesmo: MEZ-moo — Same, even, itself; used for emphasis or identity
extensamente: ex-ten-sah-MEN-teh — Extensively; at great length or in detail
lugar: loo-GAR — Place, location; a specific spot or position
Não: nowng — No, not; negation word used to deny something
obstante: ob-STAHN-teh — Notwithstanding; used in 'não obstante' meaning nevertheless
preencher: preh-en-SHAIR — To fill, to fulfill; to complete or satisfy
parte: PAR-teh — Part; a portion or section of a whole
meu: MEH-oo — My; first person singular masculine possessive adjective
método: MEH-too-doo — Method; a systematic way of doing something
presente: preh-ZEN-teh — Present; current, existing now, or a gift
brevemente: breh-veh-MEN-teh — Briefly; in a short or concise manner
neste: NESH-teh — In this; contraction of 'em' and 'este'
Corpo: KOR-poo — Body; a physical object or living organism
Externo: ex-TAIR-noo — External; situated on the outside, outward
pressiona: preh-see-OH-nah — Presses, pressures; exerts force upon something
órgão: OR-gowng — Organ; a body part with a specific function
próprio: PROH-pree-oo — Own, proper; belonging to oneself or appropriate
seja: SAY-zhah — Be; third person singular present subjunctive of ser
imediatamente: ee-meh-dee-ah-tah-MEN-teh — Immediately; without delay, directly, at once
como: KOH-moo — As, like, how; comparison or manner conjunction
Paladar: pah-lah-DAR — Taste, palate; sense used to perceive flavors
Tato: TAH-too — Touch; the sense that perceives physical contact
Visão: vee-ZOWNG — Vision; the sense of sight or a view
Audição: ow-dee-SOWNG — Hearing; the sense used to perceive sounds
Olfato: ol-FAH-too — Smell, olfaction; the sense for detecting odors
tal: tahl — Such; of that kind, used for reference
pressão: preh-SOWNG — Pressure; force applied per unit area on something
mediação: meh-dee-ah-SOWNG — Mediation; the process of acting as intermediary
Nervos: NAIR-voosh — Nerves; fibers transmitting signals through the body
filamentos: fee-lah-MEN-toosh — Filaments; thin thread-like structures in the body
membranas: mem-BRAH-nahsh — Membranes; thin flexible layers covering body structures
continuada: kon-tee-nwah-DAH — Continued; extended or carried on without interruption
dentro: DEN-troo — Inside, within; in the interior of something
até: ah-TEH — Until, up to; indicating a limit or destination
Cérebro: SEH-reh-broo — Brain; the central organ of the nervous system
Coração: koh-rah-SOWNG — Heart; the organ pumping blood through the body
provoca: proh-VOH-kah — Provokes, causes; triggers or brings about a reaction
aí: ah-EE — There, therein; at that place or point
resistência: reh-zeesh-TEN-see-ah — Resistance; opposition or counterforce to an action
esforço: esh-FOR-soo — Effort; exertion of force or energy toward something
coração: koh-rah-SOWNG — Heart; vital organ central to circulation and life
libertar: lee-ber-TAR — To free, liberate; to release from constraint
por: por — By, for, through; common Portuguese preposition
ser: sair — To be; fundamental Portuguese verb of existence
voltado: vol-TAH-doo — Turned, directed; facing or oriented toward something
Fora: FOH-rah — Outside, outward; directed toward or beyond exterior
parece: pah-REH-seh — Seems, appears; third person singular of parecer
coisa: KOY-zah — Thing; an object, matter, or unnamed item
exterior: ex-teh-ree-OR — Exterior; situated on the outside or outward surface

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