Leviathan — Page 2
I have restricted my use of full capitalization to those places where Hobbes used it, except in the chapter headings, which I have fully capitalized, where Hobbes used a mixture of full capitalization and italics.
我将全部大写的使用限制在霍布斯使用大写的地方，但章节标题除外，我对章节标题全部使用了大写，而霍布斯在章节标题中混合使用了全部大写和斜体。
Where it is clear that the italics are to indicate the text is quoting, I have introduced quotation marks.
在斜体明显用于表示引用的地方，我引入了引号。
Within quotation marks I have retained the capitalization that Hobbes used.
在引号内，我保留了霍布斯所使用的大写形式。
Where italics seem to be used for emphasis, or for proper names, or just because, I have capitalized the initial letter of the words.
在斜体似乎用于强调、专有名词或仅仅是随意使用的地方，我将相关词语的首字母大写。
This has the disadvantage that they are not then distinguished from those that Hobbes capitalized in plain text, but the extent of his italics would make the text very ugly if I was to use an underscore or slash.
这样做的缺点是，这些词语无法与霍布斯在正文中大写的词语区分开来，但如果使用下划线或斜杠，他大量的斜体内容会使文本非常难看。
Where the margin notes are either to introduce the paragraph subject, or to show where he introduces word definitions, I have included them as headers to the paragraph, again with all words having initial capitals, and on a shortened line.
在页边注释用于介绍段落主题或标明词语定义引入位置的地方，我将其作为段落标题，同样将所有词语的首字母大写，并单独排列在较短的一行。
For margin references to quotes, I have included them in the text, in brackets immediately next to the quotation.
对于引文的页边参考注释，我将其放入正文中，以括号紧接在引文旁边。
Where Hobbes included references in the main text, I have left them as he put them, except to change his square brackets to round.
霍布斯在正文中加入的参考注释，我保持原样，只是将他的方括号改为圆括号。
For the Greek alphabet, I have simply substituted the nearest ordinary letters that I can, and I have used initial capitals for foreign language words.
对于希腊字母，我用最接近的普通字母加以替代，并对外语单词使用了首字母大写。
Vocabulary
- 我
- wǒ — I, me; first-person singular pronoun
- 将
- jiāng — Will, shall; indicates future action
- 全部
- quánbù — All, entire, the whole of something
- 大写
- dàxiě — Uppercase, capital letters in writing
- 的
- de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification
- 使用
- shǐyòng — To use, to employ, to make use of
- 限制
- xiànzhì — To limit, restrict; a restriction or limitation
- 在
- zài — At, in, on; indicates location or ongoing action
- 地方
- dìfang — Place, location, area; a specific spot
- 但
- dàn — But, however; introduces a contrasting clause
- 章节
- zhāngjié — Chapter and section; divisions of a written work
- 标题
- biāotí — Title, heading, headline of a text
- 除外
- chúwài — Except, excluding, with the exception of
- 对
- duì — Toward, regarding; correct, right
- 了
- le — Particle indicating completed action or change of state
- 而
- ér — And, yet, but; connects contrasting or sequential ideas
- 中
- zhōng — In, inside, within; middle
- 混合
- hùnhé — To mix, blend; a mixture or combination
- 和
- hé — And, with; connects nouns or clauses
- 斜体
- xiétǐ — Italics; slanted typeface used for emphasis
- 明显
- míngxiǎn — Obvious, evident, clearly noticeable
- 用于
- yòngyú — Used for, employed for a specific purpose
- 表示
- biǎoshì — To indicate, express, show, or represent something
- 引用
- yǐnyòng — To quote, cite; a quotation or citation
- 引入
- yǐnrù — To introduce, bring in, lead into something
- 引号
- yǐnhào — Quotation marks used to enclose quoted text
- 内
- nèi — Inside, within, interior of something
- 保留
- bǎoliú — To retain, keep, preserve in original form
- 所
- suǒ — Particle used before verbs to nominalize actions
- 形式
- xíngshì — Form, format, style, manner of something
- 似乎
- sìhū — Seems, appears to be, as if
- 强调
- qiángdiào — To emphasize, stress, highlight something important
- 专有
- zhuānyǒu — Proper, exclusive; belonging specifically to one entity
- 名词
- míngcí — Noun; a word naming a person, place, or thing
- 或
- huò — Or, either; presents an alternative option
- 仅仅
- jǐnjǐn — Merely, only, just; nothing more than
- 是
- shì — Is, are, am; the copular verb to be
- 随意
- suíyì — Arbitrary, casual, random, at will
- 相关
- xiāngguān — Related, relevant, associated with something
- 词语
- cíyǔ — Word, term, expression in a language
- 首字母
- shǒuzìmǔ — Initial letter, first letter of a word
- 这样
- zhèyàng — This way, like this, in such a manner
- 做
- zuò — To do, make, perform an action
- 缺点
- quēdiǎn — Shortcoming, drawback, disadvantage, flaw
- 这些
- zhèxiē — These; plural demonstrative pronoun for nearby items
- 无法
- wúfǎ — Unable to, cannot, no way to do something
- 与
- yǔ — With, and; connects nouns in formal writing
- 正文
- zhèngwén — Main text, body text of a document
- 区分
- qūfēn — To distinguish, differentiate between things
- 开来
- kāilái — Apart, away; used after verbs to show separation
- 如果
- rúguǒ — If, supposing that; introduces a conditional clause
- 下划线
- xiàhuàxiàn — Underline; a line drawn beneath text
- 斜杠
- xiégàng — Slash; the forward slash punctuation mark /
- 他
- tā — He, him; third-person masculine singular pronoun
- 大量
- dàliàng — A large amount, great quantity of something
- 内容
- nèiróng — Content, substance, material within something
- 会
- huì — Will, can; expresses ability or future likelihood
- 使
- shǐ — To cause, make, enable something to happen
- 文本
- wénběn — Text, written document, textual content
- 非常
- fēicháng — Very, extremely, unusually; intensifying adverb
- 难看
- nánkàn — Ugly, unsightly, unpleasant to look at
- 页边
- yèbiān — Page margin; blank space at edge of page
- 注释
- zhùshì — Annotation, note, commentary explaining text
- 介绍
- jièshào — To introduce, present; an introduction
- 段落
- duànluò — Paragraph; a distinct section of written text
- 主题
- zhǔtí — Theme, topic, main subject of discussion
- 标明
- biāomíng — To mark, indicate, label clearly something
- 定义
- dìngyì — Definition; to define the meaning of something
- 位置
- wèizhì — Position, location, place, spot
- 其
- qí — Its, their, his, her; third-person formal pronoun
- 作为
- zuòwéi — As, in the capacity of, serving as something
- 同样
- tóngyàng — Similarly, likewise, in the same way
- 所有
- suǒyǒu — All, every; to own, possess something
- 并
- bìng — And, moreover; connects parallel actions or items
- 单独
- dāndú — Alone, separately, individually, on its own
- 排列
- páiliè — To arrange, line up, sequence items in order
- 较短
- jiào duǎn — Relatively short, comparatively brief in length
- 一行
- yī háng — One line; a single line of text
- 对于
- duìyú — Regarding, concerning, with respect to something
- 引文
- yǐnwén — Quoted text, citation, passage from another source
- 参考
- cānkǎo — Reference, to refer to, consult for information
- 放入
- fàngrù — To put into, place inside something
- 以
- yǐ — With, using, by means of; formal preposition
- 括号
- kuòhào — Brackets, parentheses; punctuation enclosing text
- 紧接
- jǐnjiē — Immediately following, right after something else
- 旁边
- pángbiān — Beside, next to, alongside something
- 加入
- jiārù — To add, join, include something into a group
- 保持
- bǎochí — To maintain, keep, preserve a state or condition
- 原样
- yuányàng — Original form, unchanged state, as it was
- 只是
- zhǐshì — Just, merely, only, simply nothing more
- 方括号
- fāngkuòhào — Square brackets [ ]; rectangular punctuation marks
- 改为
- gǎiwéi — To change to, alter into, replace with something
- 圆括号
- yuánkuòhào — Round brackets, parentheses ( ); curved punctuation marks
- 希腊
- Xīlà — Greece; the European country, or Greek origin
- 字母
- zìmǔ — Letter of an alphabet; alphabetic character
- 用
- yòng — To use, employ, utilize for a purpose
- 最
- zuì — Most, -est; superlative degree marker
- 接近
- jiējìn — Close to, near, approximate, resemble closely
- 普通
- pǔtōng — Ordinary, common, regular, plain, standard
- 加以
- jiāyǐ — To apply, proceed to; used before a verb formally
- 替代
- tìdài — To replace, substitute, stand in for something
- 外语
- wàiyǔ — Foreign language; a language other than one's own
- 单词
- dāncí — Word; an individual vocabulary item in a language
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