Leviathan — Page 9

English → Chinese Preface Level 9/10

Lastly, what is the Kingdome of Darkness.

最后，黑暗王国是什么。

Concerning the first, there is a saying much usurped of late, That Wisedome is acquired, not by reading of Books, but of Men.

关于第一点，近来有一句话被人们滥用，那就是：智慧的获得，不是通过阅读书籍，而是通过阅读人。

Consequently whereunto, those persons, that for the most part can give no other proof of being wise, take great delight to shew what they think they have read in men, by uncharitable censures of one another behind their backs.

由此，那些大多数情况下无法给出其他智慧证明的人，便以在背后对他人进行刻薄的批评来炫耀他们自以为从人身上读到的东西，并以此为乐。

But there is another saying not of late understood, by which they might learn truly to read one another, if they would take the pains; and that is, Nosce Teipsum, Read Thy Self:

但还有另一句话，近来并未被人们所理解，若他们肯下功夫，便能借此真正学会读懂彼此；那句话就是：认识你自己，读懂你自身：

which was not meant, as it is now used, to countenance, either the barbarous state of men in power, towards their inferiors; or to encourage men of low degree, to a sawcie behaviour towards their betters;

这句话的本意，并非如今人们所使用的那样，用来为权贵对下属的粗野态度张目，也不是用来鼓励地位低下之人对上位者放肆无礼；

But to teach us, that for the similitude of the thoughts, and Passions of one man, to the thoughts, and Passions of another, whosoever looketh into himselfe, and considereth what he doth, when he does Think, Opine, Reason, Hope, Feare, &c, and upon what grounds; he shall thereby read and know, what are the thoughts, and Passions of all other men, upon the like occasions.

而是要教导我们：由于一个人的思想与情感与另一个人的思想与情感相似，任何人若能审视自身，思考自己在思考、判断、推理、希望、恐惧等活动时所做之事及其依据，便能由此读懂并了解所有其他人在相似情境下的思想与情感。

Vocabulary

最后: zuì hòu — finally; at last; in the end
黑暗: hēi àn — darkness; dark; lacking light or hope
王国: wáng guó — kingdom; realm; domain of a king
是: shì — to be; is; am; are
什么: shén me — what; whatever; anything
关于: guān yú — regarding; about; concerning a topic
第一点: dì yī diǎn — the first point; firstly
近来: jìn lái — recently; lately; in recent times
有: yǒu — to have; there is; to exist
一句话: yī jù huà — one sentence; a single phrase
被: bèi — passive marker; by; used in passive voice
人们: rén men — people; human beings in general
滥用: làn yòng — to abuse; to misuse; to overuse something
那就是: nà jiù shì — that is; namely; which is to say
智慧: zhì huì — wisdom; intelligence; deep understanding
的: de — structural particle indicating possession or modification
获得: huò dé — to obtain; to gain; to acquire something
不是: bù shì — is not; are not; negation of being
通过: tōng guò — through; by means of; to pass through
阅读: yuè dú — to read; reading books or texts
书籍: shū jí — books; publications; written volumes
而是: ér shì — but rather; instead; on the contrary
人: rén — person; people; human being
由此: yóu cǐ — from this; therefore; as a result of this
那些: nà xiē — those; those things or people
大多数: dà duō shù — the majority; most; the greater number
情况下: qíng kuàng xià — under circumstances; in situations; in cases
无法: wú fǎ — unable to; incapable of; no way to
给出: gěi chū — to give; to provide; to offer proof
其他: qí tā — other; else; the rest; additional
证明: zhèng míng — to prove; proof; evidence; demonstration
便: biàn — then; consequently; as soon as
以: yǐ — by means of; using; with; so as to
在: zài — at; in; on; to be present at
背后: bèi hòu — behind; at the back; behind someone's back
对: duì — toward; to; directed at; correct
他人: tā rén — others; other people; third parties
进行: jìn xíng — to carry out; to conduct; to proceed with
刻薄: kè bó — harsh; mean; unkind; sharp-tongued toward others
批评: pī píng — to criticize; criticism; negative evaluation
来: lái — to come; used to indicate purpose or means
炫耀: xuàn yào — to show off; to flaunt; to boast proudly
他们: tā men — they; them; third person plural
自以为: zì yǐ wéi — to think oneself; to believe one has done
从: cóng — from; since; following; through
身上: shēn shàng — on a person; from someone; about oneself
读到: dú dào — to read and find; to discern from reading
东西: dōng xi — thing; stuff; object; something
并: bìng — and; also; moreover; simultaneously
以此: yǐ cǐ — by this; using this; with this as basis
为乐: wéi lè — to take as pleasure; to find amusement in
但: dàn — but; however; yet; nevertheless
还有: hái yǒu — there is also; furthermore; in addition
另一句话: lìng yī jù huà — another saying; a different phrase or sentence
并未: bìng wèi — has not; did not; has never; not at all
所: suǒ — particle used before verb indicating passive or nominalization
理解: lǐ jiě — to understand; to comprehend; understanding
若: ruò — if; if one; supposing; should
肯: kěn — willing to; agreeable to; to consent
下: xià — to put in; to apply; below; under
功夫: gōng fu — effort; time and energy; skill; kung fu
便能: biàn néng — then one can; will be able to consequently
借此: jiè cǐ — by this means; taking this opportunity; using this
真正: zhēn zhèng — truly; genuinely; real; authentic
学会: xué huì — to learn how; to master a skill
读懂: dú dǒng — to read and understand; to comprehend through reading
彼此: bǐ cǐ — each other; one another; mutually
那句话: nà jù huà — that sentence; that saying; those words
就是: jiù shì — is exactly; that is; precisely is
认识: rèn shi — to know; to recognize; to be acquainted with
你自己: nǐ zì jǐ — yourself; you yourself; your own self
你: nǐ — you; second person singular pronoun
自身: zì shēn — oneself; one's own self; personally
这句话: zhè jù huà — this sentence; this saying; these words
本意: běn yì — original meaning; true intention; primary purpose
并非: bìng fēi — is not; by no means; definitely not
如今: rú jīn — nowadays; currently; at the present time
使用: shǐ yòng — to use; to apply; to employ something
那样: nà yàng — like that; in that way; such a manner
用来: yòng lái — used to; used for; serves the purpose of
为: wèi — for; on behalf of; in order to
权贵: quán guì — the powerful and privileged; influential nobles
下属: xià shǔ — subordinate; underling; one under authority
粗野: cū yě — rude; crude; rough; uncouth in behavior
态度: tài du — attitude; manner; approach toward something
也: yě — also; too; as well; likewise
鼓励: gǔ lì — to encourage; to inspire; to motivate someone
地位: dì wèi — status; position; social standing; rank
低下: dī xià — low; inferior; humble; beneath in status
之人: zhī rén — such a person; one who is; that kind of person
上位者: shàng wèi zhě — those in higher positions; superiors; those above
放肆: fàng sì — presumptuous; unbridled; acting without restraint
无礼: wú lǐ — impolite; rude; disrespectful; lacking courtesy
要: yào — to want; must; should; going to
教导: jiào dǎo — to teach; to instruct; to guide someone
我们: wǒ men — we; us; first person plural pronoun
由于: yóu yú — due to; because of; owing to; as a result of
一个人: yī gè rén — one person; a single individual; alone
思想: sī xiǎng — thought; ideology; thinking; ideas
与: yǔ — and; with; together with; versus
情感: qíng gǎn — emotion; feeling; sentiment; emotional attachment
另一个人: lìng yī gè rén — another person; a different individual
相似: xiāng sì — similar; alike; resembling each other
任何人: rèn hé rén — anyone; anybody; any person whatsoever
若能: ruò néng — if one can; if able to; should one be able
审视: shěn shì — to examine closely; to scrutinize; to inspect carefully
思考: sī kǎo — to think deeply; to ponder; to reflect on
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; yourself; one's own
判断: pàn duàn — to judge; to determine; judgment; assessment
推理: tuī lǐ — to reason; reasoning; logical deduction
希望: xī wàng — hope; to hope; to wish for something
恐惧: kǒng jù — fear; dread; terror; to be afraid of
等: děng — et cetera; and so on; and others
活动: huó dòng — activity; action; event; to move around
时: shí — when; at the time of; during
所做: suǒ zuò — what is done; things one does; actions taken
之事: zhī shì — such matters; these things; the aforementioned affairs
及其: jí qí — and its; along with their; including its
依据: yī jù — basis; foundation; grounds; according to
了解: liǎo jiě — to understand; to know about; to be familiar with
所有: suǒ yǒu — all; every; all of; everything belonging to
其他人: qí tā rén — other people; others; everyone else
情境下: qíng jìng xià — under circumstances; in a given context or situation

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