McGuffey's First Eclectic Reader, Revised Edition — Page 2
For instance, teach the pupil to identify the characters a, o, n, d, g, r, and th, in Lesson I, as the representatives of certain elementary sounds; then teach him to form the words at the head of the lesson, then other words, as nag, on, and, etc.
例えば、第一課において、生徒にa、o、n、d、g、r、およびthという文字を、特定の基本的な音の代表として識別することを教え、次に課の冒頭にある単語を形成することを教え、さらにnag、on、andなどの他の単語を教える。
Pursue a similar course in teaching the succeeding lessons.
続く課の指導においても同様の方法を追求する。
Having read a few lessons in this manner, begin to teach the names of the letters and the spelling of words, and require the groups, "a man," "the man," "a pen," to be read as a good reader would pronounce single words.
この方法でいくつかの課を読み終えたら、文字の名称と単語のつづりを教え始め、「a man」「the man」「a pen」というグループを、優れた読み手が一つの単語を発音するように読むことを求める。
II. When one of the letters in the combinations ou or ow, is marked in the words at the head of the reading exercises, the other is silent.
二、読解練習の冒頭にある単語において、ouまたはowという組み合わせの中の一方の文字に印が付いている場合、もう一方は黙字である。
If neither is marked, the two letters represent a diphthong.
どちらにも印が付いていない場合、その二つの文字は二重母音を表す。
All other unmarked vowels in the vocabularies, when in combination, are silent letters.
語彙集において、その他の印のない母音はすべて、組み合わさっている場合、黙字である。
In slate or blackboard work, the silent letters may be canceled.
石板または黒板を使った作業では、黙字を消してもよい。
III. Word Method.--Teach the pupil to identify at sight the words placed at the head of the reading exercises, and to read these exercises without hesitation.
三、単語法。――読解練習の冒頭に置かれた単語を一見して識別し、これらの練習をためらわずに読むことを生徒に教える。
Having read a few lessons, begin to teach the names of the letters and the spelling of words.
いくつかの課を読み終えたら、文字の名称と単語のつづりを教え始める。
IV. Word Method and Phonic Method Combined.--Teach the pupil to identify words and read sentences, as above.
四、単語法と音声法の併用。――上記のように、生徒に単語を識別し文を読むことを教える。
Vocabulary
- 例えば
- tatoeba — For example; used to introduce an illustration
- 第一課
- dai ik-ka — Lesson one; the first chapter or unit
- において
- ni oite — In; at; regarding a specific context or place
- 生徒
- seito — Student; pupil, especially at primary or secondary level
- に
- ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose
- および
- oyobi — And; as well as; formal conjunction linking items
- という
- to iu — Called; known as; used to quote or define
- 文字
- moji — Letter; character; written symbol in a language
- を
- wo — Particle marking the direct object of a verb
- 特定
- tokutei — Specific; particular; to identify something precisely
- の
- no — Possessive or attributive particle linking nouns
- 基本
- kihon — Basic; fundamental; the foundation of something
- 的
- teki — Suffix meaning -ic or -al; makes a noun adjectival
- な
- na — Adjective-linking particle used with na-adjectives
- 音
- oto / on — Sound; noise; phonetic reading of a character
- 代表
- daihyou — Represent; representative; to stand for something
- として
- to shite — As; in the capacity of; functioning as something
- 識別
- shikibetsu — Identify; distinguish; tell apart different things
- する
- suru — To do; to perform; general-purpose action verb
- こと
- koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns
- 教え
- oshie — Teaching; lesson; instruction given to someone
- 次
- tsugi — Next; following; the one after the current
- 課
- ka — Lesson; chapter; a unit of study in a textbook
- 冒頭
- bōtō — Opening; beginning; the start of a text or chapter
- ある
- aru — To exist; to have; there is (for inanimate things)
- 単語
- tango — Word; vocabulary item; individual lexical unit
- 形成
- keisei — Formation; to form; to create or shape something
- さらに
- sara ni — Furthermore; additionally; even more beyond that
- など
- nado — Et cetera; and so on; among other similar things
- 他
- hoka / ta — Other; another; different from the one mentioned
- 教える
- oshieru — To teach; to instruct; to tell someone something
- 続く
- tsuzuku — To continue; to follow; to go on without stopping
- 指導
- shidō — Guidance; instruction; teaching or coaching someone
- も
- mo — Also; too; even; particle meaning likewise or as well
- 同様
- dōyō — Same; similarly; in the same manner or way
- 方法
- hōhō — Method; way; approach to doing something
- 追求
- tsuikyū — Pursuit; to pursue; to seek after something earnestly
- この
- kono — This; referring to something near the speaker
- で
- de — Particle indicating location of action or means used
- いくつか
- ikutsuka — Several; some; a few of something unspecified
- 読み
- yomi — Reading; the act of reading written text aloud
- 終えたら
- oetara — Once finished; after completing something specified
- 名称
- meishō — Name; designation; official title of something
- と
- to — Particle meaning and, with, or quoting someone
- つづり
- tsuzuri — Spelling; the arrangement of letters forming a word
- 始め
- hajime — Beginning; start; to begin doing something
- グループ
- gurūpu — Group; a set of people or things together
- 優れた
- sugureta — Excellent; superior; highly skilled or proficient
- た
- ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action
- 読み手
- yomite — Reader; one who reads text or performs reading
- が
- ga — Subject marker particle; also expresses contrast
- 一つ
- hitotsu — One; a single item; the number one for counting
- 発音
- hatsuon — Pronunciation; how a word or sound is spoken
- よう
- yō — Like; as if; in order to; indicates manner or aim
- 読む
- yomu — To read; to decipher written text aloud or silently
- 求める
- motomeru — To seek; to request; to demand something from someone
- 二
- ni — Two; the number 2 in Japanese counting
- 読解
- dokkai — Reading comprehension; understanding written text
- 練習
- renshū — Practice; exercise; drilling a skill repeatedly
- または
- mata wa — Or; alternatively; one option versus another
- 組み合わせ
- kumiawase — Combination; pairing; joining two or more things together
- 中
- naka / chū — Inside; middle; among; within a group or space
- 一方
- ippō — On one hand; meanwhile; one side of two things
- 印
- shirushi — Mark; sign; symbol indicating something specific
- 付いて
- tsuite — Attached; marked; following or accompanying something
- て
- te — Conjunctive particle connecting verbs in a sequence
- いる
- iru — To exist; to be; indicates ongoing state or action
- 場合
- baai — Case; situation; circumstance under which something applies
- もう
- mō — Already; anymore; another; soon; expresses change
- は
- wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence subject
- 黙字
- mokují — Silent letter; a written letter that is not pronounced
- どちら
- dochira — Which one; either one of two options presented
- い
- i — Verb or adjective ending; short form of various words
- ない
- nai — Not; negative form indicating absence or negation
- その
- sono — That; referring to something near the listener
- 二つ
- futatsu — Two things; a pair; the number two when counting items
- 二重
- nijū — Double; dual; twofold; consisting of two layers
- 母音
- boin — Vowel; a speech sound produced with open vocal tract
- 表す
- arawasu — To express; to represent; to show or indicate meaning
- 語彙集
- goishū — Vocabulary list; glossary; collection of words compiled
- その他
- sonohoka — Other; the rest; things besides what was mentioned
- すべて
- subete — All; everything; every single item without exception
- 組み合わさった
- kumiawasatta — Combined; joined together; merged into one unit
- 石板
- sekiban — Slate; stone writing tablet used in old classrooms
- 黒板
- kokuban — Blackboard; chalkboard used for classroom instruction
- 使った
- tsukatta — Used; past tense of to use something for a purpose
- 作業
- sagyō — Work; task; operation; carrying out assigned activity
- 消し
- keshi — Erasing; wiping away; clearing written marks off surface
- よい
- yoi — Good; fine; acceptable; expressing approval or quality
- 三
- san — Three; the number 3 in Japanese counting
- 法
- hō — Method; law; rule; a way of doing something
- 置かれ
- okare — Placed; set; to be put in a particular position
- れ
- re — Passive or potential verb suffix in Japanese grammar
- 一見
- ikken — At first glance; apparently; looks a certain way initially
- し
- shi — Conjunctive verb form; and; listing multiple reasons
- これら
- korera — These; referring to multiple nearby things or items
- ためらわず
- tamerawazu — Without hesitation; boldly; not wavering before acting
- 始める
- hajimeru — To begin; to start; to initiate an action or activity
- 四
- shi / yon — Four; the number 4 in Japanese counting
- 音声
- onsei — Voice; speech sound; audio; spoken language sounds
- 併用
- heiyō — Combined use; using two methods or things together
- 上記
- jōki — Above-mentioned; stated earlier; referring to prior text
- 文
- bun / fumi — Sentence; text; written passage; literary composition
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