McGuffey's Second Eclectic Reader — Page 2

Vocabulary

すべて

subete — All, everything, the whole of something

の

no — Possessive or attributive particle linking nouns

新しい

atarashii — New, fresh, recent, novel

単語

tango — Word, vocabulary item, individual term

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the subject

各

kaku — Each, every individual one of a group

レッスン

ressun — Lesson, a unit of instruction or study

冒頭

bōtō — The beginning, opening part of something

に

ni — Particle indicating location, time, or direction

示され

shimesare — Is shown, presented, indicated (passive form)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

い

i — Stem of 'iru,' indicating ongoing state

ます

masu — Polite verb ending for present or future tense

これら

korera — These things, referring to nearby mentioned items

が

ga — Subject marker particle highlighting the subject

習得

shūtoku — Acquisition, mastery of a skill or knowledge

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives or passive verb element

れる

reru — Passive or potential verb auxiliary suffix

と

to — Particle meaning 'when,' 'if,' or 'and'

生徒

seito — Student, pupil, learner in a school setting

残さ

nokosa — Left behind, remaining (passive/causative base form)

れ

re — Passive verb ending element attached to verbs

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending

主な

omona — Main, principal, chief, most important

困難

konnan — Difficulty, hardship, something hard to overcome

表現

hyōgen — Expression, representation, way of saying something

問題

mondai — Problem, question, issue, matter of concern

なり

nari — Becomes, or a classical copula meaning 'is'

本

hon — Book, volume, or counter for long objects

後半

kōhan — Second half, latter portion of something

部分

bubun — Part, portion, section of a whole

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means

一

ichi — One, the number one

文字

moji — Letter, character, written symbol

または

mata wa — Or, alternatively, either one or the other

二

ni — Two, the number two

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object

加える

kuwaeru — To add, to append, to include something extra

こと

koto — Thing, fact, act, nominalizer for verb phrases

形成

keisei — Formation, creation, shaping of something

単純

tanjun — Simple, plain, uncomplicated, straightforward

な

na — Adjectival copula linking na-adjectives to nouns

派生語

hasiego — Derived word, derivative formed from a base word

所有格

shoyūkaku — Possessive case indicating ownership or belonging

複数形

fukusūkei — Plural form of a word or noun

動詞形

dōshikei — Verb form, the conjugated shape of a verb

など

nado — Etc., and so on, among other things

原形

genkei — Base form, original or dictionary form of a word

既に

sudeni — Already, previously, by this time

示さ

shimesa — To show, indicate (base of passive/causative form)

いる

iru — To exist, to be (for animate beings)

場合

baai — Case, situation, circumstance, occasion

省略

shōryaku — Omission, abbreviation, leaving something out

この

kono — This (modifying noun), referring to nearby thing

よう

yō — Way, manner, appearance, seeming like something

し

shi — And, because; conjunctive verb stem form

通常

tsūjō — Usually, normally, ordinarily, under regular circumstances

印刷

insatsu — Printing, the act of printing text or images

形

katachi — Shape, form, appearance, style

へ

e — Directional particle meaning toward or to

徐々

jojo — Gradually, little by little, slowly and steadily

導か

michibi ka — Led, guided (base of passive/causative form)

最も

mottomo — Most, the greatest degree, extremely

一般的

ippanteki — General, common, typical, widely used

略語

ryakugo — Abbreviation, shortened form of a word or phrase

いくつか

ikutsuka — Some, a few, several of something

導入

dōnyū — Introduction, bringing in something new

例えば

tatoeba — For example, for instance, such as

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is,' 'am,' or 'are'

その

sono — That (modifying noun), referring to something nearby

意味

imi — Meaning, significance, sense of a word

用法

yōhō — Usage, way of using, method of application

だけ

dake — Only, just, merely, nothing more than

なく

naku — Without, not having, negative conjunctive form

使用

shiyō — Use, usage, employment of something

理由

riyū — Reason, cause, grounds for something

つい

tsui — About, concerning; also means unintentionally

も

mo — Also, too, even, as well

丁寧

teinei — Polite, careful, courteous, thorough

説明

setsumei — Explanation, description, clarification of something

べき

beki — Should, ought to, must do something

築い

kizui — Built, established, constructed (conjunctive form)

評判

hyōban — Reputation, fame, public opinion about something

ふさわしい

fusawashii — Suitable, appropriate, fitting, worthy of something

挿絵

sashie — Illustration, picture inserted into a text

用意

yōi — Preparation, readiness, getting something ready

する

suru — To do, to perform, to make happen

ため

tame — For the sake of, in order to, purpose

細心

saishin — Meticulous, careful attention to fine details

注意

chūi — Attention, caution, care, warning

払わ

haraw a — Paid, given (attention); base of passive form

おり

ori — Is (humble form of iru), being in a state

国

kuni — Country, nation, land, homeland

優れ

sugure — Excellent, superior, outstanding (conjunctive form)

デザイナー

dezainā — Designer, person who creates visual or artistic designs

何人

nannin — How many people; several people

か

ka — Question particle; or 'some' when used with question words

装飾

sōshoku — Decoration, ornamentation, embellishment

貢献

kōken — Contribution, service rendered to a cause

絵

e — Picture, drawing, painting, illustration

多く

ōku — Many, much, a large number or amount

言語

gengo — Language, tongue, system of communication

授業

jugyō — Class, lesson, instruction in a school setting

おい

oi — In (classical/formal particle meaning 'at' or 'in')

また

mata — Also, again, moreover, in addition

本文

honbun — Main text, body text of a document

拡張

kakuchō — Expansion, extension, enlargement of something

見事

migoto — Splendid, magnificent, skillful, admirable

役立つ

yakudatsu — To be useful, helpful, serve a purpose

でしょう

deshō — Probably, I suppose, polite conjecture ending

芸術家

geijutsuka — Artist, person devoted to creating art

想像力

sōzōryoku — Imagination, creative power, ability to visualize

よっ

yot(te) — By means of, due to (abbreviated conjunctive form)

見られ

mirare — Can be seen, is visible (passive/potential form)

ない

nai — Not, does not exist, negative form

細部

saibu — Details, fine points, minute particulars

補っ

oginot(te) — Supplemented, compensated for, made up for

出版社

shuppansha — Publisher, publishing company or house

貴重

kichō — Valuable, precious, highly important

提案

teian — Proposal, suggestion, idea put forward

寄せ

yose — Sent in, contributed, gathered (conjunctive form)

くださっ

kudasat(te) — Gave, provided (honorific conjunctive form)

経験

keiken — Experience, knowledge gained through practice

豊か

yutaka — Rich, abundant, plentiful, fertile

教師

kyōshi — Teacher, instructor, educator

方々

katagata — People (honorific plural), various persons

感謝

kansha — Gratitude, thankfulness, appreciation

いたし

itashi — Do (humble form of suru), conjunctive form

6月

rokugatsu — June, the sixth month of the year

序文

jobun — Preface, foreword, introductory remarks

発音

hatsuon — Pronunciation, the way sounds are articulated

句読点

kutōten — Punctuation marks used in writing

散文

sanbun — Prose, ordinary written language without meter

詩

shi — Poetry, poem, verse with artistic expression

選集

senshū — Anthology, selected collection of works

家

ie / uchi — House, home, family, household

夕べ

yūbe — Last evening, yesterday evening, last night

しゃぼん玉

shabon dama — Soap bubble, a fragile iridescent bubble

手紙

tegami — Letter, written correspondence sent to someone

筆記体

hikkitai — Cursive writing, handwritten script style

小さな

chiisana — Small, little, tiny (attributive form)

星

hoshi — Star, celestial body visible in the night sky

二匹

nihiki — Two small animals (counter for small creatures)

犬

inu — Dog, domestic canine animal

暗闇

kurayami — Darkness, the dark, pitch-black environment

恐れ

osore — Fear, dread, apprehension of something dangerous

赤ちゃん

akachan — Baby, infant, very young child

バイバイ

bai bai — Bye-bye, casual farewell expression

猫

neko — Cat, domestic feline animal

子猫

koneko — Kitten, young cat, baby cat

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

ねずみ

nezumi — Mouse or rat, small rodent animal

仕事中

shigotochū — In the middle of working, during work