Meditations — Page 3
Ceionius Commodus, whom Antoninus had adopted as a younger son at the same time with Marcus, giving him the name of Lucius Aurelius Verus.
Ceionius Commodus, den Antoninus gleichzeitig mit Marcus als jüngeren Sohn adoptiert hatte und dem er den Namen Lucius Aurelius Verus gab.
Henceforth the two are colleagues in the empire, the junior being trained as it were to succeed.
Von nun an waren die beiden Mitregenten im Reich, wobei der Jüngere gewissermaßen als Nachfolger herangebildet wurde.
No sooner was Marcus settled upon the throne than wars broke out on all sides.
Kaum hatte Marcus den Thron bestiegen, als von allen Seiten Kriege ausbrachen.
In the east, Vologeses III. of Parthia began a long-meditated revolt by destroying a whole Roman Legion and invading Syria (162).
Im Osten begann Vologeses III. von Parthien einen lang geplanten Aufstand, indem er eine ganze römische Legion vernichtete und in Syrien einfiel (162).
Verus was sent off in hot haste to quell this rising; and he fulfilled his trust by plunging into drunkenness and debauchery, while the war was left to his officers.
Verus wurde in großer Eile ausgesandt, um diesen Aufstand niederzuschlagen; und er erfüllte sein Vertrauen, indem er sich in Trunkenheit und Ausschweifung stürzte, während der Krieg seinen Offizieren überlassen wurde.
Soon after Marcus had to face a more serious danger at home in the coalition of several powerful tribes on the northern frontier.
Bald darauf musste Marcus einer ernsteren Gefahr im Inneren begegnen, nämlich dem Bündnis mehrerer mächtiger Stämme an der Nordgrenze.
Chief among those were the Marcomanni or Marchmen, the Quadi (mentioned in this book), the Sarmatians, the Catti, the Jazyges.
Die bedeutendsten unter ihnen waren die Markomannen oder Marchleute, die Quaden (in diesem Buch erwähnt), die Sarmaten, die Chatten und die Jazygen.
In Rome itself there was pestilence and starvation, the one brought from the east by Verus's legions, the other caused by floods which had destroyed vast quantities of grain.
In Rom selbst herrschten Pest und Hunger, erstere durch Verus' Legionen aus dem Osten eingeschleppt, letzterer durch Überschwemmungen verursacht, die gewaltige Mengen an Getreide vernichtet hatten.
After all had been done possible to allay famine and to supply pressing needs--Marcus being forced even to sell the imperial jewels to find money--both emperors set forth to a struggle which was to continue more or less during the rest of Marcus's reign.
Nachdem alles Mögliche getan worden war, um die Hungersnot zu lindern und dringende Bedürfnisse zu befriedigen – Marcus war sogar gezwungen, die kaiserlichen Juwelen zu verkaufen, um Geld aufzutreiben – zogen beide Kaiser in einen Kampf, der mehr oder weniger für den Rest von Marcus' Herrschaft andauern sollte.
During these wars, in 169, Verus died.
Während dieser Kriege starb Verus im Jahr 169.
Vocabulary
- den
- Definite article or pronoun in accusative case.
- gleichzeitig
- At the same time; simultaneously occurring together.
- mit
- Preposition meaning with or together alongside something.
- als
- Conjunction meaning as, when, or than.
- jüngeren
- Adjective meaning younger, referring to lesser age.
- Sohn
- Noun meaning son, a male child or offspring.
- adoptiert
- Past participle of adoptieren; legally taken as child.
- hatte
- Past tense of haben; had, possessed something previously.
- und
- Conjunction meaning and, linking words or clauses.
- dem
- Definite article in dative case, meaning the.
- er
- Third-person singular pronoun meaning he.
- Namen
- Noun meaning name or names, an identifying label.
- gab
- Past tense of geben; gave something to someone.
- Von
- Preposition meaning from, of, or by.
- nun
- Adverb meaning now or from this point forward.
- an
- Preposition meaning at, on, or to a place.
- waren
- Past tense plural of sein; were, existed previously.
- die
- Definite article or relative pronoun meaning the.
- beiden
- Pronoun or adjective meaning both of two things.
- im
- Contraction of in dem; in the place or time.
- Reich
- Noun meaning empire, realm, or kingdom governed centrally.
- wobei
- Conjunction meaning whereby or in doing so, connecting clauses.
- der
- Definite article in nominative masculine or genitive feminine.
- Jüngere
- Noun or adjective meaning the younger one of two.
- gewissermaßen
- Adverb meaning in a sense or to some extent.
- Nachfolger
- Noun meaning successor, one who follows in a position.
- wurde
- Past tense passive auxiliary meaning was or became.
- Kaum
- Adverb meaning hardly, scarcely, or barely.
- Thron
- Noun meaning throne, the seat of royal power.
- bestiegen
- Past participle of besteigen; ascended or mounted the throne.
- von
- Preposition meaning from, of, or by someone.
- allen
- Pronoun meaning all or every, dative plural form.
- Seiten
- Plural noun meaning sides, directions, or pages.
- Kriege
- Plural noun meaning wars or armed conflicts.
- ausbrachen
- Past tense of ausbrechen; broke out suddenly and violently.
- Im
- Contraction of in dem; in the, dative preposition.
- Osten
- Noun meaning east, the eastern direction or region.
- begann
- Past tense of beginnen; began or started something.
- einen
- Indefinite article accusative masculine meaning a or an.
- lang
- Adjective or adverb meaning long in time or space.
- geplanten
- Past participle adjective meaning planned or premeditated beforehand.
- Aufstand
- Noun meaning uprising, revolt, or rebellion against authority.
- indem
- Conjunction meaning by doing something or while doing.
- eine
- Indefinite article feminine nominative meaning a or an.
- ganze
- Adjective meaning whole, entire, or complete.
- römische
- Adjective meaning Roman, relating to ancient Rome.
- Legion
- Noun meaning legion, a large Roman military unit.
- vernichtete
- Past tense of vernichten; annihilated or destroyed completely.
- in
- Preposition meaning in, into, or within a place.
- einfiel
- Past tense of einfallen; invaded or fell into territory.
- großer
- Adjective meaning great or large, in dative/genitive context.
- Eile
- Noun meaning haste or hurry, urgency in acting.
- ausgesandt
- Past participle of aussenden; sent out on a mission.
- um
- Preposition meaning around, at, or in order to.
- diesen
- Demonstrative pronoun accusative masculine meaning this one.
- niederzuschlagen
- Infinitive meaning to suppress or put down a revolt.
- erfüllte
- Past tense of erfüllen; fulfilled or satisfied an expectation.
- sein
- Possessive pronoun meaning his or infinitive to be.
- Vertrauen
- Noun meaning trust or confidence placed in someone.
- sich
- Reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, or themselves.
- Trunkenheit
- Noun meaning drunkenness or intoxication from alcohol.
- Ausschweifung
- Noun meaning debauchery, excess, or licentious indulgence.
- stürzte
- Past tense of stürzen; plunged, fell, or threw himself.
- während
- Conjunction or preposition meaning while or during.
- Krieg
- Noun meaning war or armed conflict between parties.
- seinen
- Possessive pronoun accusative masculine meaning his.
- Offizieren
- Plural noun meaning officers in a military force.
- überlassen
- Past participle of überlassen; left to or entrusted others.
- Bald
- Adverb meaning soon or shortly afterward in time.
- darauf
- Adverb meaning thereupon, after that, or on it.
- musste
- Past tense of müssen; had to or was obliged.
- einer
- Indefinite article dative feminine meaning a or one.
- ernsteren
- Comparative adjective meaning more serious or graver.
- Gefahr
- Noun meaning danger, threat, or peril to safety.
- Inneren
- Noun meaning interior or inside, the inner territory.
- begegnen
- Verb meaning to encounter, meet, or face something.
- nämlich
- Adverb meaning namely, that is, or specifically.
- Bündnis
- Noun meaning alliance or coalition between parties.
- mehrerer
- Genitive plural pronoun meaning of several or multiple.
- mächtiger
- Adjective genitive plural meaning powerful or mighty tribes.
- Stämme
- Plural noun meaning tribes or ethnic groups.
- Nordgrenze
- Noun meaning northern border or frontier of territory.
- Die
- Definite article feminine nominative or plural meaning the.
- bedeutendsten
- Superlative adjective meaning most significant or important ones.
- unter
- Preposition meaning under, among, or beneath something.
- ihnen
- Personal pronoun dative plural meaning them.
- oder
- Conjunction meaning or, offering an alternative option.
- diesem
- Demonstrative pronoun dative masculine meaning this or this one.
- Buch
- Noun meaning book, a written or printed publication.
- erwähnt
- Past participle of erwähnen; mentioned or referred to briefly.
- In
- Preposition meaning in or within a place.
- Rom
- Proper noun meaning Rome, capital of the Roman Empire.
- selbst
- Pronoun or adverb meaning self, even, or itself.
- herrschten
- Past tense of herrschen; ruled or prevailed, dominated.
- Pest
- Noun meaning plague or pestilence, a deadly epidemic disease.
- Hunger
- Noun meaning hunger or famine, lack of food.
- erstere
- Pronoun meaning the former, the first of two mentioned.
- durch
- Preposition meaning through, by means of, or via.
- Legionen
- Plural noun meaning legions, large Roman military units.
- aus
- Preposition meaning out of, from, or made of.
- eingeschleppt
- Past participle meaning brought in or introduced from outside.
- letzterer
- Pronoun meaning the latter, the second of two mentioned.
- Überschwemmungen
- Plural noun meaning floods or inundations of land.
- verursacht
- Past participle of verursachen; caused or brought about something.
- gewaltige
- Adjective meaning enormous, tremendous, or immense in scale.
- Mengen
- Plural noun meaning quantities, amounts, or large quantities.
- Getreide
- Noun meaning grain or cereal crops used as food.
- vernichtet
- Past participle of vernichten; destroyed or wiped out completely.
- hatten
- Past tense plural of haben; had, possessed something.
- Nachdem
- Conjunction meaning after, once something had been done.
- alles
- Pronoun meaning everything or all that is possible.
- Mögliche
- Adjective noun meaning everything possible or all possible measures.
- getan
- Past participle of tun; done or performed an action.
- worden
- Past participle of werden used in passive construction.
- war
- Past tense singular of sein; was, existed in past.
- Hungersnot
- Noun meaning famine, a severe widespread shortage of food.
- zu
- Preposition or particle meaning to, too, or at.
- lindern
- Verb meaning to alleviate, relieve, or ease suffering.
- dringende
- Adjective meaning urgent, pressing, or immediately necessary.
- Bedürfnisse
- Plural noun meaning needs or necessities requiring satisfaction.
- befriedigen
- Verb meaning to satisfy, fulfill, or meet a need.
- sogar
- Adverb meaning even, emphasizing something surprising or extreme.
- gezwungen
- Past participle of zwingen; forced or compelled to act.
- kaiserlichen
- Adjective meaning imperial, belonging to the emperor.
- Juwelen
- Plural noun meaning jewels or precious gems of value.
- verkaufen
- Verb meaning to sell something for money or exchange.
- Geld
- Noun meaning money, currency used for buying goods.
- aufzutreiben
- Infinitive meaning to raise or procure money or resources.
- zogen
- Past tense of ziehen; moved, marched, or went somewhere.
- beide
- Pronoun or adjective meaning both of two people.
- Kaiser
- Noun meaning emperor, the ruler of the Roman Empire.
- Kampf
- Noun meaning battle, fight, or struggle against opposition.
- mehr
- Adverb or adjective meaning more or greater in degree.
- weniger
- Adverb or adjective meaning less or fewer in amount.
- für
- Preposition meaning for, in favor of, or on behalf.
- Rest
- Noun meaning rest, remainder, or what is left over.
- Herrschaft
- Noun meaning reign, rule, or dominion over territory.
- andauern
- Verb meaning to continue, persist, or last over time.
- sollte
- Past subjunctive of sollen; was supposed to or should.
- Während
- Conjunction or preposition meaning while or during a period.
- dieser
- Demonstrative pronoun meaning this or this one, masculine.
- starb
- Past tense of sterben; died or passed away.
- Jahr
- Noun meaning year, a period of twelve months.
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