Meditations — Page 1

Vocabulary

瞑想録

meisouroku — Record of meditations; title of Marcus Aurelius's work

著

cho — Authored by; written by (used in book credits)

目次

mokuji — Table of contents in a book or document

注釈

chūshaku — Annotation or commentary explaining text passages

序文

jobun — Preface or foreword introducing a written work

第一

dai ichi — Number one; the first (ordinal prefix usage)

巻

kan — Volume or scroll; counter for bound books

第二

dai ni — Number two; the second in a series

第三

dai san — Number three; the third in a series

第四

dai shi — Number four; the fourth in a series

第五

dai go — Number five; the fifth in a series

第六

dai roku — Number six; the sixth in a series

第七

dai nana — Number seven; the seventh in a series

第八

dai hachi — Number eight; the eighth in a series

第九

dai kyū — Number nine; the ninth in a series

第十

dai jū — Number ten; the tenth in a series

第十一

dai jūichi — Number eleven; the eleventh in a series

第十二

dai jūni — Number twelve; the twelfth in a series

付録

furoku — Appendix or supplement added to a main text

用語集

yōgoshū — Glossary; collection of specialized terms and definitions

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence subject

西暦

seireki — Western calendar; Anno Domini (AD) dating system

年

nen — Year; counter used for calendar years

月

tsuki / gatsu — Month; also means the moon

日

nichi / hi — Day; counter for days of the month

に

ni — Particle indicating time, place, or direction

生まれ

umare — Born; to come into existence (stem form)

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending

彼

kare — He; third-person masculine pronoun

の

no — Possessive or linking particle between nouns

本名

honmyō — Real name; one's true or official name

で

de — Copular particle meaning 'is' or 'being'

あり

ari — Is; exists (conjunctive form of ある)

第二代

dai nidai — Second generation; second in dynastic succession

王

ō — King; monarch; ruler of a kingdom

子孫

shison — Descendant; offspring of a lineage or ancestor

を

o — Object marker particle for direct objects

称する

shōsuru — To claim; to call oneself; to profess a title

貴族

kizoku — Nobility; aristocratic class of high social rank

家柄

iegara — Family lineage; social standing of one's household

出

de — Coming from; originating from a place or family

あっ

atte / atta — Past or conjunctive form of ある (to be/exist)

かくして

kakushite — Thus; in this way; and so it came to be

最も

mottomo — Most; the greatest degree of a quality

信仰

shinkō — Faith; religious belief or spiritual devotion

深い

fukai — Deep; profound; intense in degree or quality

皇帝

kōtei — Emperor; supreme ruler of an empire

初期

shoki — Early period; initial stage of an era or event

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

中

naka / chū — Among; inside; in the middle of a group

敬虔

keiken — Pious; devoutly religious and reverent

な

na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives

血

chi — Blood; lineage; hereditary connection

引い

hii- — Drawing; inheriting (stem of 引く, to draw/inherit)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions

い

i — Stem of いる, indicating ongoing state or action

ある

aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate things or states)

父

chichi — Father; one's male parent

高い

takai — High; tall; elevated in position or degree

官職

kanshoku — Government post; official administrative position

就い

tsui- — Taking up; assuming (stem of 就く, to take a post)

おり

ori — Being; existing (humble/plain continuous form of いる)

同名

dōmei — Same name; sharing an identical name

祖父

sofu — Grandfather; one's male grandparent

三度

sando — Three times; on three occasions

執政官

shisseikan — Consul; highest elected magistrate in ancient Rome

務め

tsutome — Serving; carrying out a duty or role

両親

ryōshin — Both parents; one's mother and father

とも

tomo — Both; together; all (inclusive emphasis particle)

若く

wakaku — Young; at a young age (adverbial form)

亡くなっ

nakunatte — Passed away; died (polite past stem form)

が

ga — Subject marker or conjunctive particle (but/and)

彼ら

karera — They; plural third-person pronoun (for people)

愛情

aijō — Affection; deep love and tender feelings for someone

深く

fukaku — Deeply; profoundly (adverbial form of 深い)

記憶

kioku — Memory; recollection of past events or people

とどめ

todome — Keeping; retaining in one's mind or memory

死後

shigo — After death; posthumously; following someone's passing

経験者

keikensha — Experienced person; someone with relevant expertise

引き取ら

hikitora- — Taking in; assuming custody (stem of 引き取る)

れ

re — Passive auxiliary indicating an action done to subject

この

kono — This; refers to something close to the speaker

二人

futari — Two people; a pair of individuals

間

aida / ma — Between; among; the space or time between two things

その

sono — That; refers to something previously mentioned

著書

chosho — Authored work; a book written by a specific person

冒頭

bōtō — Opening; the beginning part of a text or speech

ページ

pēji — Page; a single side of a leaf in a book

から

kara — From; starting point in time, place, or source

温和

onwa — Gentle; mild-mannered and calm in temperament

柔和

nyūwa — Meek; soft and gentle in character or manner

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizing particle for actions

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting two statements

あらゆる

arayuru — All; every kind of; without exception

怒り

ikari — Anger; rage; strong feeling of displeasure

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting items

情念

jōnen — Passion; strong emotional impulse or desire

慎む

tsutsushimu — To restrain oneself; to be moderate and cautious

学ん

manande — Learning; having learned (conjunctive form of 学ぶ)

だ

da — Plain form copula meaning 'is' or 'it is'

感謝

kansha — Gratitude; thankfulness for kindness received

込め

kome — Putting into; imbuing with feeling or effort

述べ

nobe — Stating; expressing in words (stem of 述べる)

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate things, ongoing action)

帝

tei — Emperor; sovereign ruler (honorific suffix)

少年

shōnen — Boy; young male person in childhood or early youth

優れ

sugure — Excellent; outstanding in quality or character

人格

jinkaku — Character; personal moral qualities and personality

見抜き

minuki — Seeing through; discerning hidden qualities in someone

なく

naku — Not; without (negative conjunctive form of ない)

すなわち

sunawachi — That is to say; namely; in other words

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own self or identity

名

na / mei — Name; title given to a person or thing

より

yori — Than; more than; comparative particle

も

mo — Also; even; too; inclusive emphasis particle

さらに

sara ni — Furthermore; even more; additionally beyond what exists

真実

shinjitsu — Truth; reality; what is genuinely true or real

なる

naru — Becoming; being; attributive form expressing state

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does or is something

呼ん

yon- — Calling; having called (conjunctive form of 呼ぶ)

六歳

rokusei — Six years old; the age of six

とき

toki — Time; moment; when a certain event occurs

騎士

kishi — Knight; equestrian; member of the Roman equestrian order

階級

kaikyū — Social class; rank or tier in a hierarchical system

昇進

shōshin — Promotion; advancement to a higher rank or position

さ

sa — Causative passive suffix particle (させ→さ)

せ

se — Causative form suffix meaning 'to make/let someone do'

八歳

hassai — Eight years old; the age of eight

古代

kodai — Ancient times; the distant historical past

神官団

shinkan-dan — Priestly college; group of religious priests or officials

一員

ichiin — A member; one of the people belonging to a group

し

shi — And; doing (conjunctive form connecting actions)

叔母

oba — Aunt; one's parent's younger sister

後

nochi / go — Later; after; subsequently in time

結婚

kekkon — Marriage; the union of two people as spouses