Meditations — Page 9
Cyprus has been from time immemorial a meeting-place of the East and West, and although we cannot grant any importance to a possible strain of Phoenician blood in him (for the Phœnicians were no philosophers), yet it is quite likely that through Asia Minor he may have come in touch with the Far East.
キプロスは太古の昔から東洋と西洋の出会いの場であり、彼の中にフェニキア人の血が流れている可能性にいかなる重要性も認めることはできないが（フェニキア人は哲学者ではなかったから）、それでも彼が小アジアを通じて極東と接触した可能性は十分にある。
He studied under the cynic Crates, but he did not neglect other philosophical systems.
彼は犬儒派のクラテスのもとで学んだが、他の哲学体系を疎かにすることはなかった。
After many years' study he opened his own school in a colonnade in Athens called the Painted Porch, or Stoa, which gave the Stoics their name.
長年の研究ののち、彼はアテネにある彩色柱廊、すなわちストアと呼ばれる列柱廊に自らの学校を開いたが、これがストア派という名称の由来となった。
Next to Zeno, the School of the Porch owes most to Chrysippus (280--207 b.c.), who organised Stoicism into a system.
ゼノンに次いで、柱廊の学派が最も多くを負っているのはクリュシッポス（紀元前280年～207年）であり、彼はストア主義を体系として組織化した。
Of him it was said,
彼についてはこのように言われた、
'But for Chrysippus, there had been no Porch.'
「クリュシッポスがいなければ、柱廊もなかったであろう。」
The Stoics regarded speculation as a means to an end and that end was, as Zeno put it, to live consistently (ὁμολογουμένος ζῆν), or as it was later explained, to live in conformity with nature (ὁμολογουμένος τῇ φύσει ζῆν).
ストア派は思弁を目的のための手段とみなし、その目的とは、ゼノンが述べたように、一貫して生きること（ὁμολογουμένος ζῆν）、あるいは後に説明されたように、自然に従って生きること（ὁμολογουμένος τῇ φύσει ζῆν）であった。
This conforming of the life to nature was the Stoic idea of Virtue.
この生を自然に合致させることが、ストア派の徳の概念であった。
This dictum might easily be taken to mean that virtue consists in yielding to each natural impulse; but that was very far from the Stoic meaning.
この格言は、徳とはそれぞれの自然な衝動に身を委ねることにあるという意味に容易に解釈されかねないが、それはストア派の意味からは程遠いものであった。
Vocabulary
- は
- wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar
- 太古
- taiko — Ancient times, primeval era long ago
- の
- no — Possessive or linking particle in Japanese
- 昔
- mukashi — The old days, long ago, ancient times
- から
- kara — From, since; indicates starting point or cause
- 東洋
- tōyō — The East, Oriental world, Asian civilization
- と
- to — And, with; connects nouns or marks quotation
- 西洋
- seiyō — The West, Western world, European civilization
- 出会い
- deai — Encounter, meeting, chance coming together of people
- 場
- ba — Place, scene, location where something occurs
- で
- de — At, in; indicates location of action or means
- あり
- ari — Exists, is; formal conjunctive form of ある
- 彼
- kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun
- 中
- naka — Inside, within, among; interior of something
- に
- ni — In, at, to; general purpose Japanese particle
- 人
- hito / jin — Person, people; human being or nationality suffix
- 血
- chi — Blood; vital fluid flowing through living bodies
- が
- ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar
- 流れ
- nagare — Flow, stream; movement of liquid or lineage
- て
- te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or concurrent actions
- いる
- iru — To be, to exist; indicates ongoing state or action
- 可能性
- kanōsei — Possibility, potential, likelihood of something occurring
- いかなる
- ikanaru — Whatever, any kind of; formal expression of totality
- 重要性
- jūyōsei — Importance, significance, the quality of being important
- も
- mo — Also, too, even; inclusive or emphatic particle
- 認める
- mitomeru — To recognize, acknowledge, admit the truth of something
- こと
- koto — Thing, fact, matter; nominalizer for verb phrases
- でき
- deki — Can do, be able; stem of できる indicating ability
- ない
- nai — Not, does not exist; negative form in Japanese
- 哲学者
- tetsugakusha — Philosopher, a person who studies or practices philosophy
- なかっ
- nakatt- — Was not; past negative stem form of ない
- た
- ta — Past tense marker; indicates completed action or state
- それでも
- soredemo — Even so, nevertheless, despite that circumstance
- を
- wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object of verb
- 通じ
- tsūji — Through, via; connecting or passing through a medium
- 極東
- kyokutō — Far East, the easternmost regions of Asia
- 接触
- sesshoku — Contact, touch, interaction between people or things
- し
- shi — And, doing; conjunctive form linking actions or reasons
- 十分
- jūbun — Sufficient, enough, fully adequate for a purpose
- ある
- aru — To exist, to be, to have; basic existential verb
- もと
- moto — Under, based on; at the feet or guidance of someone
- 学ん
- manан- — Learned, studied; conjunctive past stem of 学ぶ
- だ
- da — Is, am, are; plain form copula in Japanese
- 他
- hoka — Other, another, different; something or someone else
- 哲学
- tetsugaku — Philosophy, the study of fundamental questions of existence
- 体系
- taikei — System, framework, organized structure of knowledge
- 疎か
- orosoka — Neglecting, not to mention, let alone; careless omission
- する
- suru — To do, to make; general-purpose action verb
- 長年
- naganen — Many years, long years of accumulated time or effort
- 研究
- kenkyū — Research, study, investigation of a subject in depth
- のち
- nochi — After, later, subsequently following a point in time
- すなわち
- sunawachi — That is, namely, in other words; clarifying connector
- 呼ば
- yoba- — Called, named; passive or conjunctive stem of 呼ぶ
- れる
- reru — Passive auxiliary verb suffix indicating action done to subject
- 自ら
- mizukara — Oneself, personally, by one's own action or will
- 学校
- gakkō — School, educational institution for learning and teaching
- 開い
- hira-i — Opened, founded; conjunctive form of 開く
- これ
- kore — This; proximal demonstrative pronoun referring to nearby thing
- 派
- ha — School, sect, faction; group sharing a philosophy or style
- という
- to iu — Called, known as; phrase identifying name or label
- 名称
- meishō — Name, designation, official title of something
- 由来
- yurai — Origin, derivation, the source or history of something
- なっ
- natt- — Became; past conjunctive stem of なる
- 次い
- tsui- — Next, following; indicating sequence after something else
- 学派
- gakuha — School of thought, philosophical or academic tradition
- 最も
- mottomo — Most, the greatest degree; superlative adverb in Japanese
- 多く
- ōku — Many, much, a large amount or number of things
- 負っ
- ott- — Owed, indebted; past conjunctive form of 負う
- 紀元前
- kigenzen — BC, Before the Common Era, before year zero
- 年
- nen — Year; unit of time in the calendar system
- 主義
- shugi — Principle, doctrine, ideology; -ism suffix for beliefs
- として
- to shite — As, in the capacity of; indicates a role or status
- 組織化
- soshikika — Organization, systematization, structuring into a formal system
- ついて
- tsuite — About, concerning, regarding a topic or subject
- この
- kono — This; demonstrative adjective modifying a nearby noun
- よう
- yō — Like, as if, in the manner of; similarity expression
- 言わ
- iwa- — Said; passive or conjunctive stem of 言う
- 目的
- mokuteki — Purpose, goal, objective, intended aim of an action
- ため
- tame — For, in order to; indicates purpose or benefit
- 手段
- shudan — Means, method, way of achieving a goal
- みなし
- minashi — Regard as, consider to be; treating something as equivalent
- その
- sono — That; demonstrative adjective for something previously mentioned
- 述べ
- nobe- — Stated, described; conjunctive form of 述べる
- 一貫
- ikkan — Consistency, coherence, maintaining the same principle throughout
- 生きる
- ikiru — To live, to be alive, to exist with purpose
- あるいは
- aruiwa — Or, alternatively, on the other hand; presenting another option
- 後
- nochi / go — After, later, subsequent to a point in time
- 説明
- setsumei — Explanation, description, clarification of something complex
- さ
- sa — Nominalizing suffix or softening sentence-final particle
- 自然
- shizen — Nature, natural world; also naturalness or spontaneity
- 従っ
- shitagatt- — Following, in accordance with; past stem of 従う
- 生
- sei / sho — Life, living, existence; the state of being alive
- 合致
- gacchi — Agreement, accordance, perfect correspondence between things
- せる
- seru — Causative auxiliary verb making someone do something
- 徳
- toku — Virtue, moral excellence, ethical goodness of character
- 概念
- gainen — Concept, notion, abstract idea or mental representation
- 格言
- kakugen — Maxim, proverb, concise expression of a general truth
- それぞれ
- sorezore — Each, respectively, every one individually and separately
- 衝動
- shōdō — Impulse, urge, sudden strong desire to act
- 身
- mi — Body, oneself; one's physical being or personal situation
- 委ねる
- yudaneru — To entrust, leave to, yield oneself to something
- 意味
- imi — Meaning, significance, what something denotes or signifies
- 容易
- yōi — Easy, simple, not difficult to do or understand
- 解釈
- kaishaku — Interpretation, explanation, understanding the meaning of something
- かね
- kane — Difficult to do; expresses reluctance or inability politely
- それ
- sore — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something nearby
- 程遠い
- hodotōi — Far from, not close to; falling considerably short of something
- もの
- mono — Thing, object, matter; nominalizer adding nuance to expressions
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